scholarly journals Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption and Body Composition in Spanish Elite Rowers

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Rubén López-Domínguez ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Pol Gené ◽  
José Antonio González-Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Group A ◽  
Elite Rowers ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics and sport supplement (SS) consumption patterns of heavyweight and lightweight international rowers. Methods: The 13 heavyweights (11 males) and seven lightweights (five males) of the Spanish National Rowing Team were recruited for the study. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and the questionnaire used in this investigation was previously validated to assess SS consumption. According to anthropometrics parameters, it was reported that male heavyweight rowers were heavier (p < 0.001) and taller (p < 0.001), but no statistical differences were reported for % body fat (p = 0.104) or % lean body mass (p = 0.161). All rowers reported consumption of at least one SS. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s classification, higher medical supplement consumption was observed when comparing heavyweight rowers to lightweight rowers (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.040). There were no differences in the totals of group A (strong scientific evidence for sports scenarios, p = 0.069), group B (emerging scientific support, deserving of further research, p = 0.776), or group C (scientific evidence not supportive of benefit and/or security amongst athletes, p = 0.484). The six most consumed SSs were iron (85%), caffeine (85%), β-alanine (85%), energy bars (85%), vitamin supplements (80%), and isotonic drinks (80%), with no statistical differences between heavyweight and lightweight rowers (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the absence of differences in body composition (expressed as a percentage) do not represent anthropometric disadvantages for heavyweight rowers. In addition, SS consumption was similar between rowers, reporting only higher medical supplement consumption in heavyweight rowers.

scholarly journals Use of Sports Supplements in Competitive Handball Players: Sex and Competitive Level Differences

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Muñoz ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Víctor Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sports Supplements ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Sports supplements are commonly used by elite athletes with the main goal of enhancing sport performance. Supplements use might be substantially different depending on the sport discipline, sex, and competitive level. To date, data about prevalence and the most-commonly used supplements in handball are scarce. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the patterns of supplements use by handball players of both sexes and with different competitive levels: One hundred and eighty-seven handball players (112 men and 75 women) of different competitive levels (106 professional and 81 amateur) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire about supplements use. Supplements were classified according to the categorization of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Overall, 59.9% of the handball players (n = 112) declared the use of at least one supplement and there were no significant differences between men and women (58.9% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.762) nor between professional vs. amateur handball players (67.1% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.074). The most prevalent supplements were sports drinks (42.2%), followed by energy bars (35.3%) and caffeine-containing products (31.6%). However, a greater consumption of group A supplements (those with strong scientific evidence; p = 0.029) and group B supplements (those with emerging scientific support, p = 0.012) was observed in male compared to female handball players. Supplements categorized as medical supplements were more commonly consumed in professional vs. amateur players (0.48 ± 0.80 vs. 0.21 ± 0.44, supplements p < 0.006). Additionally, a higher consumption of group B supplements was observed in professional compared to amateur players (0.58 ± 0.88 vs. 0.33 ± 0.72 supplements, p = 0.015). Handball players revealed a moderate use of supplements while sex and competitive level slighted changed the pattern of supplements use. A high portion of handball players use supplements as fuel during exercise and reported the use of caffeine-containing supplements to enhance performance.

scholarly journals Potential of Spirulina Platensis as a Nutritional Supplement in Malnourished HIV-Infected Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Randomised, Single-Blind Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. NMI.S5862 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azabji-Kenfack ◽  
S. Edie Dikosso ◽  
E.G. Loni ◽  
E.A. Onana ◽  
E. Sobngwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Group B

Background Malnutrition is a major global public health issue and its impact on communities and individuals is more dramatic in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is compounded by widespread poverty and generalized high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, malnutrition should be addressed through a multisectorial approach, and malnourished individuals should have access to nutritional rehabilitation molecules that are affordable, accessible, rich in nutrient and efficient. We thus assessed the efficacy of two affordable and accessible nutritional supplements, spirulina platensis versus soya beans among malnourished HIV-infected adults. Methods Undernourished patients, naïve of, but eligible to antiretroviral treatment (ART), aged 18 to 35 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received spirulina (Group A) as food supplement and the second received soya beans (Group B). Patients were initiated ART simultaneously with supplements. Food supplements were auto-administered daily, the quantity being calculated according to weight to provide 1.5 g/kg body weight of proteins with 25% from supplements (spirulina and soya beans). Patients were monitored at baseline and followed-up during twelve weeks for anthropometric parameters, body composition, haemoglobin and serum albumin, CD4 count and viral load. Results Fifty-two patients were enrolled (Group A: 26 and Group B: 26). The mean age was 26.4 ± 4.9 years (Group A) and 28.7 ± 4.8 (Group B) with no significant difference between groups ( P = 0.10). After 12 weeks, weight and BMI significantly improved in both groups ( P < 0.001 within each group). The mean gain in weight and BMI in Group A and B were 4.8 vs. 6.5 kg, ( P = 0.68) and 1.3 vs. 1.90 Kg/m2, ( P = 0.82) respectively. In terms of body composition, fat free mass (FFM) did not significantly increase within each group (40.5 vs. 42.2 Kg, P = 0.56 for Group A; 39.2 vs. 39.0 Kg, P = 0.22 for Group B). But when compared between the two groups at the end of the trial, FFM was significantly higher in the spirulina group (42.2 vs. 39.0 Kg, P = 0.01). The haemoglobin level rose significantly within groups ( P < 0.001 for each group) with no difference between groups ( P = 0.77). Serum albumin level did not increase significantly within groups ( P < 0.90 vs. P < 0.82) with no difference between groups ( P = 0.39). The increase in CD4 cell count within groups was significant ( P < 0.01 in both groups), with a significantly higher CD4 count in the spirulina group compared to subjects on soya beans at the end of the study ( P = 0.02). Within each group, HIV viral load significantly reduced at the end of the study ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.04 for spirulina and soya beans groups respectively). Between the groups, the viral load was similar at baseline but significantly reduced in the spirulina group at the end of the study ( P = 0.02). Conclusion We therefore conclude in this preliminary study, firstly, that both spirulina and soja improve on nutritional status of malnourished HIV-infected patients but in terms of quality of nutritional improvement, subjects on spirulina were better off than subjects on soya beans. Secondly, nutritional rehabilitation improves on immune status with a consequent drop in viral load but further investigations on the antiviral effects of this alga and its clinical implications are strongly needed.

scholarly journals Low molecular weight heparins use in pregnancy: a practice survey from Greece and a review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Papadakis ◽  
A. Pouliakis ◽  
Α. Aktypi ◽  
A. Christoforidou ◽  
P. Kotsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Major Bleeding Events ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Group B ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Use of LMWH in pregnancy is not only limited to VTE management, but it extends, to the management of vascular gestational complications and the optimization of IVF pregnancies despite the lack of concrete scientific evidence. In this context, we conducted the present study aiming to gain insights regarding the use of LMWH during pregnancy and puerperium. We recorded indication for use, diagnostic work-up as well as the safety and efficacy of the treatment, trying to elucidate the clinical practice in our country. Methods We analyzed data regarding 818 pregnant women received LMWH during 2010–2015.Our cohort had a median age of 33.9 years and a BMI of 23.6.There were 4 groups: those with a history of VTE [Group-A: 76], those with pregnancy complications [Group-B: 445], those undergoing IVF [Group-C: 132] and those carrying prothrombotic tendency (thrombophilia, family history of VTE, other) [Group-D: 165]. Mean duration of LMWH administration was 8.6 ± 1.5 months. Out of the total number, 440 received LMWH in fixed prophylactic dose, 272 in higher prophylactic-weight adjusted dose and 106 in therapeutic dose. Moreover, 152 women received in addition low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). 93.8% of pregnancies were single and 6.2% were multiple ones. Live births occurred in 98.7% of pregnancies. Results Anticoagulation was efficacious and well tolerated. Seventeen VTE events were recorded; 7 of them antepartum and 10 postpartum. No major bleeding events were observed while 13 clinical relevant non-major bleeding events were recorded. Regarding gestational vascular complications, 28 IUGR events were recorded, as well as 48 cases of preterm labor of which 12 were concomitant with IUGR (25%). Six early pregnancy losses were recorded; there were 3 fetal deaths and 3 cases of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Conclusions LMWHs are used extensively during pregnancy and puerperium in Greece for VTE treatment and prophylaxis and for a variety of other indications as well. Although the drug has been shown to be both safe and efficacious, its use for some indications has no proven scientific evidence. In order to clearly define the role of LMWHs in pregnancy, beyond thromboprophylaxis, large prospective studies are required, which could be based on the conclusions of this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Aloe Vera in Local Massage Oils in Alternative Medicine for the Treatment of Joint Pains: A Double Blind Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Innayat Ullah Arain ◽  
Amina Husnain ◽  
Aisha Talat
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Analgesic ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractIntroduction:Aloe vera has been reported to have effects upon skin, joint pains and diabetes but without scientific evidence. It has never been studied in isolation as a single drug. Our study was a small study to study the symptom lowering effects of Aloe Vera gel when used in combination with a topical massage oil.Patients and Methods:A prospective double blind interventional study was conducted with patients of osteoarthritis knee randomized in two groups of patients (20 in each). Both groups were given topical oil for massage over the affected joints. They were provided oral analgesic tablets in fixed numbers and during follow up Visual analogue score and number of tablets used was taken as measure of alleviation of symptoms.Results:Both groups comprised of 20 subjects each and had similar characteristics for age/sex/laterality of joint involved. The epidemiological characteristics of the groups were similar. Group A used Topical Mas-sage Oil without addition of Aloe Vera Gel while Group B used the same oil with addition of the gel. It was observed that patients who had been given massage oil with addition of Aloe Vera gel showed less use of oral analgesics during study period and their VAS scores were less as compared to the Group A who were using the same massage oil but without Aloe Vera Gel.Conclusion:Aloe Vera as local application seems to improve pain relief and decrease oral analgesic use in patients of osteoarthritis knees who are being treated with local massage oils of alternative medical origin. Further studies need to be done to reach a conclusion.Key Words: Massage Oil, Aloe Vera, Analgesia.

scholarly journals Sodium chloride 0.9% versus Lactated Ringer in the management of severely dehydrated patients with choleriform diarrhoea

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Antonio Cieza ◽  
Juana Hinostroza ◽  
Julio Arturo Huapaya ◽  
Cristian Paul León
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Group B ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salts

Introduction: Although experience within Peru suggests clinical and physiological benefits of treating dehydration caused by diarrhoea with Lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) over sodium chloride 0.9%, (NaCl) there is little documented scientific evidence supporting this view. It is important to clarify this issue and determine the best solution for use during epidemics. Methodology: Forty patients suffering from dehydration due to choleriform diarrhoea were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients were treated using NaCl (Group A) and the other twenty with LR (Group B). After diuresis recovery was achieved, the patients were continued on a course of oral rehydration salts. Serum electrolytes, arterial pH, HCO3-, and pCO2 were measured at three stages: at admission, after diuresis recovery, and after 12 hours. Results: Acidosis was corrected more quickly with LR that NaCl. The hyperosmolality and hypernatremic states were corrected with both solutions. Conclusion: LR use resulted in a better clinical response than NaCl, illustrated by more rapid physiological correction, showing that mixed metabolic acidosis was corrected more quickly and more appropriately with this treatment.

EFFECT OF JAPAN WATER THERAPY INFUSED WITH CINNAMON ON BODY WEIGHT, WAIST/HIP RATIO, AND BODY MASS INDEX OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE SUBJECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
SHIVANI BHATIA ◽  
SHUBHRA SARASWAT
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Water Therapy ◽  
Group B

Objective: The objective of this study was to discover the effect of Japan water therapy with cinnamon on body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Methods: The study was conducted with 36 subjects divided into three groups, namely, Group A – water therapy with cinnamon (n=12), Group B – water therapy (n=12), and Group C – warm water (n=12), where Groups A and B were test groups and Group C was a control group. This study was carried out for 8 weeks. Body weight, waist/hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were measured every 15th day. Data were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test using Getcalc.com Results: Out of all the groups, Group A showed desirable reduction in weight, WHR, and BMI, but statistically it was non-significant on WHR. Similarly, Group B had non-significant result with content to WHR but showed a moderate reduction in all categories. However, Group C as a control group both had either constant or minimal reduction in WHR and BMI being statistically non-significant. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that consumption of Japan water therapy with cinnamon helps in reduction of weight, WHR, and BMI within 8 weeks. Plain water therapy only had a moderate effect on reducing body composition in the same duration of time.

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropometric and body composition characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Berkay Yaşar ◽  
Mehmet Sağır
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers according to their weight categories. Material and methods: In this study, 21 elite male wrestlers (age 22.9 ± 4.0) have been examined according to three weight categories: Light weight, middle weight, heavy weight. Height, weight, arm and calf girth, humerus and femur width, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, calf, supraspinale) were measured. Arm anthropometry (upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat area, upper arm fat index), somatotype (Heath-Carter somatotype method), and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were determined. Results: In the light weight wrestlers, body fat was 9.95% and somatotype 2.15–6.68–1.62; in the middle weight wrestlers, body fat was 11.79% and somatotype 2.83–6.83–1.01; in the heavy weight wrestlers, body fat was 18.63% and somatotype 4.10–8.13–0.53 was determined. While the endomorphy component of the light weight wrestlers was significantly lower than the middle weight and heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.017), the ectomorphy component was significantly higher than the heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.05). Fat free mass differed significantly between the three weight categories (p < 0.017), while body fat was higher in heavy weight than both light weight and middle weight (p < 0.017). The weight showed a significant and positive relationship with all anthropometric and body composition values except AFI and ectomorphy (p < 0.05 with mesomorphy, p < 0.01 with others). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that wrestlers have anthropometric characteristics specific to their weight categories. While the light weight wrestlers show a balanced mesomorph structure, the heavy weight wrestlers have adapted to the endomorphic mesomorph body type with the increase in fat and fat free mass.

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

Comparison of one-year prognosis of patients classified as chronic critical lower limb ischaemia according to TASC II or European consensus definition in the COPART cohort

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 0220-0228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Vircoulon ◽  
Carine Boulon ◽  
Ileana Desormais ◽  
Philippe Lacroix ◽  
Victor Aboyans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Medical Group ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

Background: We compared one-year amputation and survival rates in patients fulfilling 1991 European consensus critical limb ischaemia (CLI) definition to those clas, sified as CLI by TASC II but not European consensus (EC) definition. Patients and methods: Patients were selected from the COPART cohort of hospitalized patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease suffering from lower extremity rest pain or ulcer and who completed one-year follow-up. Ankle and toe systolic pressures and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were measured. The patients were classified into two groups: those who could benefit from revascularization and those who could not (medical group). Within these groups, patients were separated into those who had CLI according to the European consensus definition (EC + TASC II: group A if revascularization, group C if medical treatment) and those who had no CLI by the European definition but who had CLI according to the TASC II definition (TASC: group B if revascularization and D if medical treatment). Results: 471 patients were included in the study (236 in the surgical group, 235 in the medical group). There was no difference according to the CLI definition for survival or cardiovascular event-free survival. However, major amputations were more frequent in group A than in group B (25 vs 12 %, p = 0.046) and in group C than in group D (38 vs 20 %, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Major amputation is twice as frequent in patients with CLI according to the historical European consensus definition than in those classified to the TASC II definition but not the EC. Caution is required when comparing results of recent series to historical controls. The TASC II definition of CLI is too wide to compare patients from clinical trials so we suggest separating these patients into two different stages: permanent (TASC II but not EC definition) and critical ischaemia (TASC II and EC definition).

Absorbable suture material in carotid surgery

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gasbarro ◽  
Luca Traina ◽  
Francesco Mascoli ◽  
Vincenzo Coscia ◽  
Gianluca Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suture Material ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Carotid Surgery ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Absorbable Suture Material ◽  
Absorbable Sutures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Background: Absorbable sutures are not generally accepted by most vascular surgeons for the fear of breakage of the suture line and the risk of aneurysmal formation, except in cases of paediatric surgery or in case of infections. Aim of this study is to provide evidence of safety and efficacy of the use of absorbable suture materials in carotid surgery. Patients and methods: In an 11 year period, 1126 patients (659 male [58.5 %], 467 female [41.5 %], median age 72) underwent carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis by either conventional with primary closure (cCEA) or eversion (eCEA) techniques. Patients were randomised into two groups according to the type of suture material used. In Group A, absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) was used and in Group B non-absorbable suture material (polypropylene) was used. Primary end-point was to compare severe restenosis and aneurysmal formation rates between the two groups of patients. For statistical analysis only cases with a minimum period of follow-up of 12 months were considered. Results: A total of 868 surgical procedures were considered for data analysis. Median follow-up was 6 years (range 1-10 years). The rate of postoperative complications was better for group A for both cCEA and eCEA procedures: 3.5 % and 2.0 % for group A, respectively, and 11.8 % and 12.9 % for group B, respectively. Conclusions: In carotid surgery, the use of absorbable suture material seems to be safe and effective and with a general lower complications rate compared to the use of non-absorbable materials.

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