Association of healthy lifestyle with risk of obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study

Background No studies investigated the whole effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on OSA risk. This study aimed to examine the individual and combined effects of lifestyle factors on OSA risk among Chinese adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 9733 participants aged 35 to 74 years from the baseline survey of Guangzhou Heart Study. OSA was evaluated by Berlin Questionnaire. The healthy lifestyle score (HLS), representing the overall effect of lifestyles, was derived from seven lifestyle factors: active smoking, passive smoking, alcohol, diet, waist-hip ratio, leisure-time physical activity, and mental status. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the multivariate logistic regression model. Results 8107 participants were divided into the non-OSA group and 1626 participants into the OSA group. No passive smoking (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.94), healthy waist-hip ratio (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58–0.77) and healthy mental status (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0. 29–0.73) were associated with a reduced risk of OSA after adjusting for confounders, while others not. Participants with higher HLS were negatively associated with OSA risk (P-trend < 0.001). In comparison to the participants with 0–3 HLS, the OR for participants with 4, 5, 6, and 7 HLS was 0.68 (95% CI 0.56–0.84), 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.86), 0.62 (95% CI 0.51–0.76) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.37–0.65) after adjusting for confounders. Every 1-score increment of HLS was associated with a 13% lower risk of OSA. Conclusions The results suggest that HLS reflecting the combined effect of multiple-dimensional lifestyle factors was inversely associated with OSA risk. Preventive strategies integrating multiple lifestyle factors may provide a more feasible approach for OSA prevention.

Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18

Background With the increase in elderly population, the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Indian older adults is also increasing. The present paper tries to assess how different anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity affects cardiovascular disease risk among older adults in India. Methods The data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) has been used. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression has been used to measure the association of obesity measures and CVD prevalence. Results About 35.2% (n = 11,058) of the older adults suffered from CVD. Moreover, 22.2% (n = 6,217) of the older adults were obese/overweight, 23.7% (n = 6,651) had high risk waist circumference and 77.0% (n = 21,593) had high risk waist-Hip ratio. The likelihood of CVD was 60%, 50%, and 34% significantly higher among older adults who were obese/overweight [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.60; CI: 1.48–1.72], had high risk waist circumference [AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.39–1.62] and high risk waist-Hip ratio [AOR: 1.34; CI: 1.25–1.44], respectively compared to older adults with normal BMI and those who do not have a high risk waist circumference and high risk waist hip ratio. Moreover, older adults who never did physical activity had 22 per cent higher risk of CVD than those who did frequent [AOR: 1.22; CI: 1.13–1.32] physical activity. Conclusion The burden of overweight and obesity along with physical inactivity increases the risk of CVD in older adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for framing direct and indirect strategies to control obesity in order to reduce the burden of CVD among older adults in India.

Utjecaj vježbanja na snagu stiska šake i antropometrijske karakteristike kod žena u menopauzi – longitudinalna studija

Cilj: Ciljevi su ovog istraživanja ispitati utjecaj devetomjesečnog programa vježbanja na snagu stiska šake i antropometrijske parametre žena u menopauzi. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 122 žene u menopauzi. Ispitanice su zatim podijeljene u dvije skupine: skupina koja vježba (n = 94) i kontrolna skupina (n = 28). Svaka je ispitanica izmjerena dva puta, na početku programa vježbanja od devet mjeseci i na kraju, dok su ispitanice kontrolne skupine izmjerene samo jednom. Svakoj su ispitanici izmjereni tjelesna težina, tjelesna visina, indeks tjelesne mase (engl. Body Mass Indeks; BMI), opseg struka i bokova, omjer opsega struka i bokova (engl. Waist hip ratio; WHR), kao i snaga stiska desne i lijeve šake. Rezultati: Prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja ispitanice koje su uključene u program vježbanja pokazuju značajnu razliku BMI (p &lt; 0,05) i WHR (p &lt; 0,05) u odnosu na mjerenje provedeno na početku vježbanja. Također, rezultati snage stiska šake pokazuju statistički značajne razlike između prvog i drugog mjerenja (p &lt; 0,05). Prosječna vrijednost stiska desne šake na kraju vježbanja je 26,03 ± 5,04 kg, što je značajno veće u odnosu na prvo mjerenje 24,51 ± 5,68 kg. Isto tako, snaga stiska lijeve šake nakon drugog mjerenja iznosila je 24,7 ± 5,11 kg, što je značajno veće u odnosu na prvo mjerenje 23,39 ± 5,77 kg. Zaključak: Aktivno vježbanje dovodi do poboljšanja snage stiska obiju šaka nakon završenog programa vježbanja u trajanju od devet mjeseci. Kod svih je ispitanica pronađena značajna razlika BMI i WHR na kraju provedenog programa vježbanja, što upućuje na pozitivan utjecaj vježbi otpora na antropometrijske karakteristike žena u menopauzi.

Does body mass index or waist-hip ratio correlate with arterial stiffness based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Chinese rural adults with hypertension?

Background The relationship between obesity indices and arterial stiffness (AS) has not been fully discovered nor has it been studied in depth in large hypertensive patient populations. The aim of this study was to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) levels and AS based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese rural adults with hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 5049 Chinese rural adults with essential hypertension. BMI was calculated as the body weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). Central obesity was defined as WHR ≥ 0.9 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results The prevalence of overweight, general obesity, central obesity and increased AS were 26.88%, 3.39%, 63.85% and 44.01%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR per SD increase: 0.74, 95% CI 0.67–0.81, P < 0.001). When BMI was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into tertiles, the same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). Inversely, WHR levels were positively associated with the prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR per SD increase: 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.36, P < 0.001). Compared to subjects without central obesity, those with central obesity had a higher prevalence of increased AS (adjusted-OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.28–1.81, P < 0.001). Linear regression models indicated similar results in the correlation between BMI or WHR levels and baPWV levels (adjusted-β per SD increase: − 0.57, 95% CI − 0.68 to − 0.46, P < 0.001; adjusted-β per SD increase: 4.46, 95% CI 3.04–5.88, P < 0.001). There were no interactions in terms of age and blood pressure on the relationship between BMI or WHR levels and the prevalence of increased AS or baPWV levels. Conclusion There was an inverse relationship between BMI levels and increased AS or baPWV levels, whereas WHR levels and central obesity were positively associated with increased AS or baPWV levels in Chinese rural adults with hypertension.

Influence of age, body mass index and waist-hip ratio on the human spine; a radiographic study of adult male subjects in Port Harcourt-Nigeria

The study determined the Lumbosacral angle (LSA) of male subjects and evaluated its relationship to age, BMI and Waist -Hip ratio. Lateral radiographs of one hundred and forty-two informed healthy male volunteers between the age of 18-60 were studied using Ferguson’s method, and analyzed with respect to age, waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI).. The result showed the average value for Lumbosacral angle was 34.060 ± 0.560, the body weight was 70.34 ± 1.02Kg, and BMI was 24. 64 ± 0.38Kgm-2. Angle values were observed to increase with age up to 32years, followed by a sinusoidal increase and decrease pattern thereafter. Significant correlations were observed between LSA and Body weight as well as between LSA and BMI (p<0.05). The Lumbosacral angle of males in Port-Harcourt, South South Nigeria is within the range of literature derived measurement values world-wide, but lower than the average reported from previous studies on other Nigerian populations.

Hubungan Status Obesitas Sentral dengan Pengalaman Karies (Indeks DMFT) pada Individu Dewasa Muda

Karies dan obesitas merupakan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat terutama pada individu dewasa muda dan prevalensi kondisi tersebut terus meningkat di seluruh dunia. Status obesitas sentral telah dilaporkan memiliki korelasi dengan pengalaman karies, hal tersebut belum bayak dipelajari di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengalaman karies dan status obesitas sentral pada mahasiswa dengan kondisi sehat usia 18-22 tahun. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri dengan jumlah sampel 120. Pengalaman karies dinilai dengan indeks decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT) dan status obesitas sentral dinilai dengan waist hip ratio (WHR) yang merupakan rasio dari lingkar pinggang (waist circumference) dan lingkar pangggul (hip circumference). Data dianalisa menggunakan SPSS 17 dengan tingkat signifikansi p0,05. Terdapat korelasi antara WHR dan waist circumference (WC) dengan indeks DMFT (p=0,028, r= 0,201; p=0,025, r=0,204). Pada pemerikasaan indeks DMFT didapatkan persentase individu dengan pengalaman karies kategori sangat rendah 14,2% (n=17), kategori rendah 17,5% (n=21) kategori sedang 23,3% (n=28), kategori tinggi 29,1% (n=35) dan kategori sangat tinggi 15,8% (n=19). Pengukuran antropometri didapatkan rerata WC=78,6, hip circumference (HC)=97,3 dan WHR=0,81. Persentase individu yang mengalami obesitas sentral pada laki-laki sebesar 13,3% (n=8) dan pada perempuan 28,3% (n=17). Pada penelitian ini status obesitas sentral memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap indeks DMFT.

DO ADIPOSITY INDICES INFLUENCE VO2 MAX WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS? FITNESS VS. FATNESS

Introduction: The global burden of obesity doubled in children, tripled in adolescents and adults between 1975 and 2016.The central obesity is strongly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery diseases.Therefore,it is important to screen/detect obesity and its complications in early stages.Aim: of this study is to evaluate early markers of adult overweight/obesity, visceral obesity and aerobic fitness in young, healthy men, and also to find out association between visceral obesity and VO max as adequate research data is not available in this field. Forty young, 2 Methods: healthy adult men (aged 18-40 years) were randomly selected from the population of Vijayapura,Karnataka,India,in this study. The anthropometric parameters; weight, height, BMI, BSA, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. The waist-hip ratio, Conicity index and A Body surface Index were calculated.VO max was measured by 2 Rockport 1-Mile walk test. A series of Pearson's correlation tests were performed to find out the influence of visceral adiposity indices on aerobic fitness. Results: All anthropometric parameters and adiposity indices measured in our study were within the normal range.A significant positive correlation was observed between age vs conicity index and age vs ABSI.We also found a significant negative correlation between adiposity indices and VO max in young healthy 2 adult males. Conclusion: Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, conicity index and ABSI can be considered as useful anthropometric tools to diagnose central/visceral obesity in healthy men with normal BMI.Total fat and visceral fat may probably have some negative influence on cardiorespiratory function and aerobic fitness.