scholarly journals Sodium chloride 0.9% versus Lactated Ringer in the management of severely dehydrated patients with choleriform diarrhoea

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Antonio Cieza ◽  
Juana Hinostroza ◽  
Julio Arturo Huapaya ◽  
Cristian Paul León
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Group B ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salts

Introduction: Although experience within Peru suggests clinical and physiological benefits of treating dehydration caused by diarrhoea with Lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) over sodium chloride 0.9%, (NaCl) there is little documented scientific evidence supporting this view. It is important to clarify this issue and determine the best solution for use during epidemics. Methodology: Forty patients suffering from dehydration due to choleriform diarrhoea were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients were treated using NaCl (Group A) and the other twenty with LR (Group B). After diuresis recovery was achieved, the patients were continued on a course of oral rehydration salts. Serum electrolytes, arterial pH, HCO3-, and pCO2 were measured at three stages: at admission, after diuresis recovery, and after 12 hours. Results: Acidosis was corrected more quickly with LR that NaCl. The hyperosmolality and hypernatremic states were corrected with both solutions. Conclusion: LR use resulted in a better clinical response than NaCl, illustrated by more rapid physiological correction, showing that mixed metabolic acidosis was corrected more quickly and more appropriately with this treatment.

scholarly journals Low molecular weight heparins use in pregnancy: a practice survey from Greece and a review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Papadakis ◽  
A. Pouliakis ◽  
Α. Aktypi ◽  
A. Christoforidou ◽  
P. Kotsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Major Bleeding Events ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Group B ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Use of LMWH in pregnancy is not only limited to VTE management, but it extends, to the management of vascular gestational complications and the optimization of IVF pregnancies despite the lack of concrete scientific evidence. In this context, we conducted the present study aiming to gain insights regarding the use of LMWH during pregnancy and puerperium. We recorded indication for use, diagnostic work-up as well as the safety and efficacy of the treatment, trying to elucidate the clinical practice in our country. Methods We analyzed data regarding 818 pregnant women received LMWH during 2010–2015.Our cohort had a median age of 33.9 years and a BMI of 23.6.There were 4 groups: those with a history of VTE [Group-A: 76], those with pregnancy complications [Group-B: 445], those undergoing IVF [Group-C: 132] and those carrying prothrombotic tendency (thrombophilia, family history of VTE, other) [Group-D: 165]. Mean duration of LMWH administration was 8.6 ± 1.5 months. Out of the total number, 440 received LMWH in fixed prophylactic dose, 272 in higher prophylactic-weight adjusted dose and 106 in therapeutic dose. Moreover, 152 women received in addition low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). 93.8% of pregnancies were single and 6.2% were multiple ones. Live births occurred in 98.7% of pregnancies. Results Anticoagulation was efficacious and well tolerated. Seventeen VTE events were recorded; 7 of them antepartum and 10 postpartum. No major bleeding events were observed while 13 clinical relevant non-major bleeding events were recorded. Regarding gestational vascular complications, 28 IUGR events were recorded, as well as 48 cases of preterm labor of which 12 were concomitant with IUGR (25%). Six early pregnancy losses were recorded; there were 3 fetal deaths and 3 cases of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Conclusions LMWHs are used extensively during pregnancy and puerperium in Greece for VTE treatment and prophylaxis and for a variety of other indications as well. Although the drug has been shown to be both safe and efficacious, its use for some indications has no proven scientific evidence. In order to clearly define the role of LMWHs in pregnancy, beyond thromboprophylaxis, large prospective studies are required, which could be based on the conclusions of this study.

scholarly journals Effects of hypertonic saline preloading in sub arachnoid blockade for transurethral resection of prostate - A comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Rafayet Ullah Siddique ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Debabrata Banik ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Group B

Background: Hypertonic solution is used to combat hypotension in sub-arachnoid block during trans urethral resection of prostate. Aims and objectives: To compare the effect of 3% sodium chloride solution with that of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to combat sub-arachnoid block induced hypotension in trans urethral resection of prostate. Methods: A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I & II were selected randomly in two groups , thirty in each group. Group A received 15ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl solution and group B 4ml/kg of 3% NaCl solution as a preload. Sub arachnoid block performed at the L3/4 interspace in the sitting position. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, amount of ephedrine, amount of used additional I/V normal saline, serum electrolytes and level of sensory block were observed. Results: Mean arterial pressure was differed significantly at late hours ie, 50min, 60min (P<0.001). Incidence of hypotension was 43% in group A, 16% in group B and was significant (p<0.05). Less additional I/V fluid was required in group B and difference was significant (P<0.05). Low doses of ephedrine was needed in group B and was highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preloading of hypertonic solution is superior to isotonic solution in trans urethral resection of prostate under sub arachnoid block. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v22i2.18145 Journal of BSA, 2009; 22(2): 66-71

Efficacy Comparison of Oral Rehydration Solutions Containing Either 90 or 75 Millimoles of Sodium per Liter

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Daniel Pizarro ◽  
Bernardita Castillo ◽  
Gloria Posada ◽  
Cecilia Lizano ◽  
Leonardo Mata
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In a randomized trial, 62 infants 2 to 35 months of age with dehydration due to acute watery diarrhea were allocated to one of two groups: group A received solution A (World Health Organization-recommended oral rehydration solution), which contained (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl- 80, citrate3- 10, and glucose 110; group B received solution B (Pedialyte RS; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago), which contained (in mmol/L): Na+ 75, K+ 20, Cl- 65, citrate3- 10, and glucose 139. Oral therapy was given until clinical signs of hydration status were normal. During the 48-hour trial, the following laboratory data were collected: blood gases, serum electrolytes, glucose, urea, and creatinine values and sodium and potassium concentrations in stool and urine; serial weights and clinical signs were also reported. Six of the 62 infants, three in each group, required intravenous fluids because of high stool output. Results of clinical outcome and normalization of altered serum electrolyte values were similar in both groups. During the 48-hour trial, eight patients in group A and four in group B had mild, asymptomatic hypernatremia. Pedialyte RS was found to be a safe glucose/electrolyte solution for oral rehydration therapy.

Pentobarbital Therapy Does Not Improve Neurologic Outcome in Nearly Drowned, Flaccid-Comatose Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-634
Author(s):  
Eliezer Nussbaum ◽  
J. Carlos Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neurologically Intact

The effect of pentobarbital therapy was studied prospectively in 31 nearly drowned children in a flaccid state of coma. Each child was assigned to one of two sequential treatment groups. Group A: 16 children were treated with hypothermia and IV pentobarbital, achieving serum levels &gt;25 µ/mL within 48 hours of admission. Group B: 15 children were treated with hypothermia but no pentobarbital. All patients received "conventional therapy" (ie, Paco2 20 to 25 mm Hg, Pao2 90 to 100 mm Hg, fluid restriction, pancuronium bromide, and furosemide or mannitol). Analysis of variance failed to detect differences for age, estimated time of submersion, arterial pH, core temperature, and mean intracranial pressure between the patients prior to treatment with pentobarbital. In Group A, six patients (37%) recovered completely and were neurologically intact, six patients (37%) had severe brain damage and four patients (26%) died. In Group B, six patients (40%) recovered completely, six patients (40%) survived with brain damage, and three patients (20%) died. There were no statistical differences between the two groups (P &gt; .05, χ2 analysis) for the mortality rate, survival with brain damage, and complete recovery. The results suggest that: (1) pentobarbital therapy does not improve neurologic outcome for nearly drowned, flaccid-comatose children; (2) previous claims implying better outcome with hypothermia combined with pentobarbital therapy may be attributed to the effect of hypothermia alone; and (3) pentobarbital therapy may not be justified in nearly drowned, flaccid-comatose victims.

Comparison of 3% saline and 0.9% normal saline nebulization as diluent in children with bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shobha Sapkota ◽  
Ammara Kaleem ◽  
Suffura Huma ◽  
Muhammad Aleem Ud-Din ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words 3 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Objective: To compare the outcome in terms of mean time to disappearance of cough, wheezing, crackles and length of hospital stay in patients treated with sodium chloride 3% with sodium chloride 0.9% as nebulisation diluent in children for suffering from bronchiolitis. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2014 to April 2015, and comprised children aged between 6 weeks and 24 months having bronchiolitis. Group A received 3% sodium chloride and Group B received 0.9% of the same solution. Duration of cough, wheezing, crackles and duration of stay at hospital were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Of the 100 patients, there were 50(50%) in Group A with a mean age of 7.17±4.46, and as many in Group B with a mean age of 6.6±3.74. Overall, there were 55(55%) boys and 45(45%) girls. Mean cough and wheezing remission time as well as length of hospital stay was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In children having bronchiolitis, 3% saline as nebuliser solution was found to be more effective than 0.9% saline solution. Key Words: 3% saline solution, Bronchiolitis, Wheezing, Crepitations, Hospital stay.

scholarly journals Impact of an ORT Corner in a Teaching Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Iqbal Bari ◽  
Imdadul Haque ◽  
Tanjila Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paediatric Unit ◽  
Group A ◽  
Training Unit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

An ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy) Corner was set up in Rajshahi Medical College in July 1990. 4267 Patients aged between 0-12 years who attended the ORT corner of the diarrhoeal training unit in the year of 2003 were studied to find out the impact of this unit in the management of diarrhoeal diseases in children and its effect on diarrhoeal admission in the hospital. 53.56% (2285) of them were male and 46.21% (1972) were female. Only 1.54% (66) of the patient who attended the ORT Corner needed hospital admission. 78.72% Patients were under 5 year of age and 90.57% (3865) patients had no dehydration (group-A) and they were sent home with ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) and necessary advice. 8.3% (355) patients had some dehydration (Group -B) and they were treated at the ORT corner with ORS for 2-6 hours and sent home after initial rehydration. But 19 (0.44%) patients had needed hospital admission later due to failure of ORS treatment. 47 (1.10%) Patient had severe dehydration (Group-C), who had persistent diarrhoea and immediately admitted in Paediatric unit and given necessary treatment. Total diarrhoeal admission in indoor was 74 in 2002 and 66 in 2003 and a significant reduction in admission was observed during the study period from that of the previous year. (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the ORT corner was vary effective simple and safe in the management of diarrhoea in children and reduced the number of diarrhoeal admissions in the hospital.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3090 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 52-55

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF ANTENATAL MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR NEUROPROTECTION IN PRETERM BABIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-633
Author(s):  
Kanchan Sharma ◽  
◽  
Ranideepa a ◽  
Anamika b ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Neuroprotective Agent ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neurological Disabilities

Background: Antenatal administration of magnesium sulfate is an important part of the neuroprotective strategy for preterm infants. Strong evidence from five randomized controlled trials and five meta-analyses has demonstrated that magnesium sulfate, when administered before preterm delivery, significantly reduces the risk of neurological disabilities. In our study, we aimed at assessing the effectiveness and safety of antenatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection in the preterm babies. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on 586 women in preterm labour during the period of January 2019 to 2020 attending opd in the department of obstetrics & gynecology at Patna medical college and hospital in 2019.They were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group A : received magnesium sulphate as neuroprotective agent Group B: received sodium chloride solution. Procedure efficacy(defined as incidence of neurological disabilities, mortality and resuscitative measures in both groups), safety and side effects were assessed in both groups. Results: Babies developing neurological disabilities were less in magnesium sulphate group than sodium chloride groupwhich is statistically insignificant.Total mortality in group A was 137 whereas in group B is 169 which is statistically insignificant.1 neonatehad intraventricular hemorrhage in group A while 4 in group B which is statistically insignificant.. Conclusion: Although various studies have suggested that magnesiumsulphateis cost effective and efficient neuroprotective agent in preterm babies but in our study we could not find significant difference between magnesium and placebo group , but it is proved to be efficient in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage .

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Zinc and Probiotics versus Zinc Alone Therapy in Children with Acute Watery Diarrhea

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Mst Musarrat Sultana ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Shahana Akhter ◽  
Md Belal Hossain ◽  
Md Sanaul Haque Mia
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Diarrhea is a common problem in our country especially children. There were many treatment options for acute watery diarrhea in addition to oral rehydration saline for reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of zinc & probiotics combination therapy to zinc alone therapy in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea.Method: This was a randomized controlled trial type study, conducted at department of pediatrics Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to June 2016. A total of 110 numbers of children ages 6 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea were enrolled those who were fulfilled the selection criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group A (n=55) received zinc-probiotics combination therapy and group B (n=55) received zinc only. Measurement of disease severity was based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and duration of diarrhea (hours) after initial drug consumption.Result: Among the study population 56% male &44% female in group A and 58% male & 42% female in group B. Duration of acute watery diarrhea was significantly reduced in group A than group B(56.22 versus 70.69 hours respectively), (P-0.002)and frequency of stool also reduced in group A than group B(3.92 versus 7.15 times/day) on day 2 (P-0.002). Consistency of stool also improved in group A than group B[liquid stool12(21.8%) versus 25(45.5%), (P-0.015) on day 1, semi-liquid stool 4 (8.2%) versus 16 (30.8%), (P-0.004) on day 2, formed stool 29 (52.73%) versus 16(29.09%), P-0.004 on day 2 respectively].Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective in reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea than zinc alone therapy in children.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 32-38

scholarly journals Use of Sports Supplements in Competitive Handball Players: Sex and Competitive Level Differences

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Muñoz ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Víctor Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sports Supplements ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Sports supplements are commonly used by elite athletes with the main goal of enhancing sport performance. Supplements use might be substantially different depending on the sport discipline, sex, and competitive level. To date, data about prevalence and the most-commonly used supplements in handball are scarce. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the patterns of supplements use by handball players of both sexes and with different competitive levels: One hundred and eighty-seven handball players (112 men and 75 women) of different competitive levels (106 professional and 81 amateur) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire about supplements use. Supplements were classified according to the categorization of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Overall, 59.9% of the handball players (n = 112) declared the use of at least one supplement and there were no significant differences between men and women (58.9% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.762) nor between professional vs. amateur handball players (67.1% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.074). The most prevalent supplements were sports drinks (42.2%), followed by energy bars (35.3%) and caffeine-containing products (31.6%). However, a greater consumption of group A supplements (those with strong scientific evidence; p = 0.029) and group B supplements (those with emerging scientific support, p = 0.012) was observed in male compared to female handball players. Supplements categorized as medical supplements were more commonly consumed in professional vs. amateur players (0.48 ± 0.80 vs. 0.21 ± 0.44, supplements p < 0.006). Additionally, a higher consumption of group B supplements was observed in professional compared to amateur players (0.58 ± 0.88 vs. 0.33 ± 0.72 supplements, p = 0.015). Handball players revealed a moderate use of supplements while sex and competitive level slighted changed the pattern of supplements use. A high portion of handball players use supplements as fuel during exercise and reported the use of caffeine-containing supplements to enhance performance.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption and Body Composition in Spanish Elite Rowers

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Rubén López-Domínguez ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Pol Gené ◽  
José Antonio González-Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Group A ◽  
Elite Rowers ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics and sport supplement (SS) consumption patterns of heavyweight and lightweight international rowers. Methods: The 13 heavyweights (11 males) and seven lightweights (five males) of the Spanish National Rowing Team were recruited for the study. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and the questionnaire used in this investigation was previously validated to assess SS consumption. According to anthropometrics parameters, it was reported that male heavyweight rowers were heavier (p < 0.001) and taller (p < 0.001), but no statistical differences were reported for % body fat (p = 0.104) or % lean body mass (p = 0.161). All rowers reported consumption of at least one SS. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s classification, higher medical supplement consumption was observed when comparing heavyweight rowers to lightweight rowers (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.040). There were no differences in the totals of group A (strong scientific evidence for sports scenarios, p = 0.069), group B (emerging scientific support, deserving of further research, p = 0.776), or group C (scientific evidence not supportive of benefit and/or security amongst athletes, p = 0.484). The six most consumed SSs were iron (85%), caffeine (85%), β-alanine (85%), energy bars (85%), vitamin supplements (80%), and isotonic drinks (80%), with no statistical differences between heavyweight and lightweight rowers (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the absence of differences in body composition (expressed as a percentage) do not represent anthropometric disadvantages for heavyweight rowers. In addition, SS consumption was similar between rowers, reporting only higher medical supplement consumption in heavyweight rowers.

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