scholarly journals Biological Response to Meal Ingestion: Gender Differences

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Monrroy ◽  
Giulio Borghi ◽  
Teodora Pribic ◽  
Carmen Galan ◽  
Adoracion Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lipoprotein Response ◽  
Meal Ingestion

In a previous study, we demonstrated that women enjoyed and tolerated lower meal loads than men. Hence, we hypothesized that with the same meal load, their postprandial response is more pronounced than in men. We performed a randomized parallel trial in 12 women and 12 men comparing the postprandial responses to a palatable comfort meal. We measured homeostatic sensations (hunger/satiety, fullness) and hedonic sensations (digestive well-being, mood) on 10 cm scales, vagal tone by heart ratio variability and the metabolomic profile before and after meal ingestion. Gender differences were analyzed by repeated measures ANCOVA. Overall (n = 24), ingestion of the probe meal induced satiation, fullness, digestive well-being and improved mood (main time-effect p ≤ 0.005 for all). Women exhibited a more intense sensory experience, specially more postprandial fullness, than men [main gender-effect F (1, 21) = 7.14; p = 0.014]; hedonic responses in women also tended to be stronger than in men. Women exhibited more pronounced effects on vagal tone [main gender-effect F (1, 21) = 5.5; p = 0.029] and a different lipoprotein response than men. In conclusion, our data indicate that gender influences the responses to meal ingestion, and these differences may explain the predisposition and higher incidence in women of meal-related functional disorders.

scholarly journals Sex Differences and Commonalities in the Impact of a Palatable Meal on Thalamic and Insular Connectivity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Lisa Kilpatrick ◽  
Teodora Pribic ◽  
Barbara Ciccantelli ◽  
Carolina Malagelada ◽  
Dan M. Livovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
The Impact

The neural mechanisms underlying subjective responses to meal ingestion remain incompletely understood. We previously showed in healthy men an increase in thalamocortical, and a decrease in insular-cortical connectivity in response to a palatable meal. As sex is increasingly recognized as an important biological variable, we aimed to evaluate sex differences and commonalities in the impact of a well-liked meal on thalamic and anterior insular connectivity in healthy individuals. Participants (20 women and 20 age-matched men) underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) before and after ingesting a palatable meal. In general, the insula showed extensive postprandial reductions in connectivity with sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices, while the thalamus showed increases in connectivity with insular, frontal, and occipital cortices, in both women and men. However, reductions in insular connectivity were more prominent in men, and were related to changes in meal-related sensations (satiety and digestive well-being) in men only. In contrast, increases in thalamic connectivity were more prominent in women, and were related to changes in satiety and digestive well-being in women only. These results suggest that brain imaging may provide objective and sex-specific biomarkers of the subjective feelings associated with meal ingestion.

scholarly journals Influence of Eating Schedule on the Postprandial Response: Gender Differences

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Masihy ◽  
Hugo Monrroy ◽  
Giulio Borghi ◽  
Teodora Pribic ◽  
Carmen Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Postprandial Response ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Schedule Effect

Ingestion of a meal induces conscious sensations depending of the characteristics of the meal and the predisposition of the eater. We hypothesized that the eating schedule plays a conditioning role, specifically, that an extemporaneous meal is less rewarding than when eaten at the habitual schedule. We conducted a randomized parallel trial in 10 women and 10 men comparing the responses to a consistent savoury lunch-type meal (stewed beans) eaten at the habitual afternoon schedule or at an unconventional time in the morning. Schedule and gender differences were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. In women, the sensory experience induced by the probe meal, particularly postprandial satisfaction, was weaker when eaten at an unconventional time for breakfast. Men were resilient to the schedule effect and experienced the same sensations regardless of the timing of ingestion; the effect of the eating schedule was significantly more pronounced in women for fullness (F(1,55) = 14.9; p < 0.001), digestive well-being (F(1,36.8) = 22.3; p < 0.001), mood (F(1,12.4) = 13.8; p < 0.001), and anxiety (F(1,11.9) = 10.9; p = 0.001). No differences in the physiological responses induced by the afternoon and morning meals were detected either in women or men. Our data indicate that women are more susceptible to changes in meal schedule than men.

A pilot study on the impact of a pottery workshop on the well-being of people with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2056-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pérez-Sáez ◽  
Elena M Cabrero-Montes ◽  
María Llorente-Cano ◽  
Elena González-Ingelmo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study seeks to assess the impact of a pottery workshop as a creative arts programme and discover the extent to which people with dementia taking part in an artistic and creative activity engage with it, experience a feeling of well-being, and improve their mood state. In addition, the study will seek to answer the question of whether taking part in a programme of creative activities improves the self-esteem of people with dementia. Method The research used an uncontrolled, repeated measures design. Thirty users of the National Reference Centre for Alzheimer’s and Dementia care in Salamanca (Spain) in a moderate to advanced stage of dementia (Global Deterioration Scale 4, 5, or 6) were divided into five intervention groups that received ten 45-minute sessions in which they were helped by facilitators to make different ceramic pieces. The participants were assessed before and after the intervention with a self-esteem scale, and they rated their mood before and after the sessions on a graphic scale. During the art sessions, two observers recorded the presence of multiple indicators of well-being. Results The intervention was found to have a significant impact on mood and self-esteem that was independent of the participants’ Global Deterioration Scale. Regarding the tool used to observe well-being, the participants scored highly in the domains of sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy, with low scores in negative affect and sadness. Conclusions Pottery may be a highly suitable activity for people with dementia, as they may enjoy both the activity and the creative process, with it triggering a positive mood during the sessions, providing psychological well-being and reinforcing their self-esteem.

Can I Buy My Health? A Genetically Informed Study of Socioeconomic Status and Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer W Robinette ◽  
Christopher R Beam ◽  
Tara L Gruenewald
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Familial Influences ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Role Demands

Abstract Background A large literature demonstrates associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, including physiological health and well-being. Moreover, gender differences are often observed among measures of both SES and health. However, relationships between SES and health are sometimes questioned given the lack of true experiments, and the potential biological and SES mechanisms explaining gender differences in health are rarely examined simultaneously. Purpose To use a national sample of twins to investigate lifetime socioeconomic adversity and a measure of physiological dysregulation separately by sex. Methods Using the twin sample in the second wave of the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS II), biometric regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the established SES-physiological health association is observed among twins both before and after adjusting for potential familial-level confounds (additive genetic and shared environmental influences that may underly the SES-health link), and whether this association differs among men and women. Results Although individuals with less socioeconomic adversity over the lifespan exhibited less physiological dysregulation among this sample of twins, this association only persisted among male twins after adjusting for familial influences. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that, particularly for men, links between socioeconomic adversity and health are not spurious or better explained by additive genetic or early shared environmental influences. Furthermore, gender-specific role demands may create differential associations between SES and health.

scholarly journals Sustained, Multifaceted Improvements in Mental Well-Being Following Psychedelic Experiences in a Prospective Opportunity Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri Mans ◽  
Hannes Kettner ◽  
David Erritzoe ◽  
Eline C. H. M. Haijen ◽  
Mendel Kaelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Prior Intention ◽  
Mental Well Being

In the last 15 years, psychedelic substances, such as LSD and psilocybin, have regained legitimacy in clinical research. In the general population as well as across various psychiatric populations, mental well-being has been found to significantly improve after a psychedelic experience. Mental well-being has large socioeconomic relevance, but it is a complex, multifaceted construct. In this naturalistic observational study, a comprehensive approach was taken to assessing well-being before and after a taking a psychedelic compound to induce a “psychedelic experience.” Fourteen measures of well-being related constructs were included in order to examine the breadth and specificity of change in well-being. This change was then analysed to examine clusters of measures changing together. Survey data was collected from volunteers that intended to take a psychedelic. Four key time points were analysed: 1 week before and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 years after the experience (N = 654, N = 315, N = 212, and N = 64, respectively). Change on the included measures was found to cluster into three factors which we labelled: 1) “Being well”, 2) “Staying well,” and 3) “Spirituality.” Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed all but the spirituality factor to be improved in the weeks following the psychedelic experience. Additional Mixed model analyses revealed selective increases in Being Well and Staying Well (but not Spirituality) that remained statistically significant up to 2 years post-experience, albeit with high attrition rates. Post-hoc examination suggested that attrition was not due to differential acute experiences or mental-health changes in those who dropped out vs. those who did not. These findings suggest that psychedelics can have a broad, robust and sustained positive impact on mental well-being in those that have a prior intention to use a psychedelic compound. Public policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Sense of Coherence, Health, Well-Being, and Work Satisfaction before and after Implementing Activity-Based Workplaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5250
Author(s):  
Katarina Wijk ◽  
Eva L. Bergsten ◽  
David M. Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Interviews

Activity-based workplaces (ABWs) are implemented with possible implications for health, well-being, and work satisfaction in the workplace. Drawing on the theoretical framework, i.e., sense of coherence (SOC), the aim was to investigate how indicators pf SOC—meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility—are associated with, or function as barriers or facilitators for, health, well-being and work satisfaction during relocation to an ABW. We followed the implementation of ABWs at the Swedish Transport Administration (2018–2019). Questionnaires were administered before (n = 536), 3 months (n = 409) and 9 months (n = 373) after relocation. Focus group interviews (15) were conducted before and after. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and content analysis. Relocation to an ABW was associated with a reduced work satisfaction (physical p < 0.001; psychosocial p < 0.001), and minor changes in health and occupational well-being during relocation (p > 0.001). The reduction in work satisfaction was smaller among employees with high meaningfulness in the relocation process (p < 0.001). All SOC indicators were positively associated with overall health, well-being and work satisfaction (p < 0.001). Interviews suggested that meaningfulness was facilitated by participation in the presented activities and that communication before relocation was crucial. The results indicate that organizations implementing ABWs should promote perceived meaningfulness in the process to mitigate possible declines in satisfaction with the physical and psychosocial work environment.

Gender differences in heart rate before and after autonomic blockade: Evidence against an intrinsic gender effect

1996 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Burke ◽  
Jeffrey J. Goldberger ◽  
Frederick A. Ehlert ◽  
Jane T. Kruse ◽  
Michele A. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomic Blockade

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Postural Stability among 13-Year-Old Alpine Skiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka D. Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Alpine Skiers

This experiment examined changes in body sway after Wingate test (WAnT) in 19 adolescents practicing alpine skiing, subjected to the same type of training load for 4–5 years (10 girls and nine boys). The postural examinations were performed with eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and sway reverenced vision (SRV) in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes. The displacement of center of foot pressure (CoP), range of sway (RS), mean sway velocity (MV), way length, and surface area were measured in bipedal upright stance before and after the WAnT to assess the influence of fatigue on postural balance. There were no significant differences in WAnT parameters between girls and boys. Relative peak power (RPP), relative total work (RWtot) were (girls vs. boys) 8.89 ± 0.70 vs. 9.57 ± 1.22 W/kg, p < 0.05 and 227.91 ± 14.98 vs. 243.22 ± 30.24 W/kg, p < 0.05 respectively. The fatigue index (FI) was also on similar level in both genders; however, blood lactate concentration (BLa) was significantly higher in boys (10.35 ± 1.16 mM) than in girls (8.67 ± 1.35 mM) p = 0.007. In the EO examination, statistically significant differences between resting and fatigue conditions in the whole group and after the division into girls and boys were found. In fatigue conditions, significant gender differences were noted for measurements in the ML plane (sway path and RS) and RS in the AP plane. Comparison of the three conditions shows differences between EO vs. EC and SRV in AP plane measured parameters, and for RS in ML plane in rest condition in girls. The strong correlations between FI and CoP parameters mainly in ML plane in the whole group for all examination conditions were noted. By genders, mainly RS in ML plane strongly correlates with FI (r > 0.7). No correlation was found between BLa and CoP parameters (p > 0.06). The presented results indicate that subjecting adolescents of both genders to the same training may reduce gender differences in the postural balance ability at rest but not in fatigue conditions and that girls are significantly superior in postural balance in the ML plane than boys. It was also shown that too little or too much information may be destructive to postural balance in young adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document