Fasting concentrations and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal and methylglyoxal are not increased in healthy older adults

Dicarbonyl stress describes the increased formation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and is associated with age-related pathologies. The role of dicarbonyl stress in healthy aging is poorly understood. In a preliminary study, we analyzed 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, namely 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) in plasma of older (25 months, n=11) and younger (5 months, n=14) male C57BL/6J (B6) mice via UPLC-MS/MS. Postprandial 3-DG was higher in younger compared to older mice, whereas no differences were found for GO and MGO. Subsequently, in the main study, we analyzed fasting serum of older (OW, 72.4±6.14 years, n=19) and younger women (YW, 27.0±4.42 years, n=19) as well as older (OM, 74.3±5.20 years, n=15) and younger (YM, 27.0±3.34, n=15) men. Serum glucose, insulin, 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were quantified. In a subgroup of this cohort, an oral dextrose challenge was performed and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, glucose and insulin were measured. In women, there were no age differences regarding fasting 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations nor the response after the oral dextrose challenge. In men, fasting MGO was significantly higher in OM compared to YM (Median: 231 vs.158 nM, p=0.006), whereas no age differences in fasting 3-DG and GO concentrations were found. Glucose (310±71.8 versus 70.8±11.9 min·mmol/L) and insulin (7149±1249 versus 2827±493 min·µIU/mL) response were higher in OM compared to YM, which did not translate into a higher 1,2-dicarbonyl response in older individuals. Overall, aging does not necessarily result in dicarbonyl stress, indicating that strategies to cope with 1,2-dicarbonyl formation can remain intact.

Effect of Novel Alcohol-Free Beer Recipes Enriched With Isomaltulose and a Resistant Dextrin on the Metabolic Postprandial Response in Healthy Subjects

Objectives We investigated the postprandial effects of alcohol-free beers in which carbohydrate composition have been modified, compared to regular alcohol-free beer. Methods Two cross-over studies were conducted. Firstly, 10 healthy volunteers received 25 g of carbohydrates coming from: regular alcohol-free beer (RB), alcohol-free beer with almost completely eliminated maltose and enriched with isomaltulose (2.5 g/100 mL) and a resistant maltodextrin (0.8 g/100 mL) (IMB), alcohol-free beer with the same maltose removal enriched with resistant maltodextrin (2.0 g/100 mL) (MB) and glucose solution. In the second study, 20 healthy volunteers were provided with 50 g of carbohydrates from white bread and water and the same meal plus 14.3 g of carbohydrates coming from: RB, IMB, MB and extra white bread. Blood was sampled after ingestion every 15 min for 2 h. Glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1 were determined in all samples. Results Clinical and anthropometric characteristics remained constant in all subjects throughout the studies. Importantly, in the first study, the increase of glucose, insulin and GIP after the consumption of IMB and MB was significantly lower than after RB (P = 0.005, P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the second study, the consumption of white bread with IMB and MB showed significantly less increase in glucose levels than just consuming white bread and white bread with RB (P = 0.002). Conclusions The consumption of an alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrates composition led to a better postprandial response compared to RB and it could attenuate hyperglycemia after ingestion with white bread. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from Gobierno de Aragón, B14–7R, Spain, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PI15/01,983, PI18/01,777 and CIBERCV. These projects are co-financed by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union “A way to make Europe”. CIBERCV is a project of Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

83 The acute effects of feeding a grain-free diet with or without methionine, taurine or methyl donor/acceptor supplementation on plasma and whole blood amino acid concentrations in dogs

Grain-free pet foods have been sold for over a decade and comprise more than 40% of dog and cat diets sold today. Grain-free diets replace grain ingredients with pulse ingredients, which are high in lysine but low in methionine and cysteine, the precursor amino acids to taurine synthesis in the dog. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postprandial response of plasma methionine and taurine and whole blood taurine concentrations of dogs fed a grain-free diet without supplementation (CON) or with methionine (MET), taurine (TAU) or creatine, carnitine and choline (CCC) supplementation. Eight Beagles were pair housed and fed one of the four experimental diets for seven days in a 4x4 Latin Square Design. On the morning of d 7, cephalic catheters were placed and one fasted sample (0 min) and nine post-meal blood samples (15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min) were collected. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the PROC GLIMMIX function in SAS (Version 9.4). Dogs supplemented with MET had significantly higher plasma methionine concentrations from 30 to 360 minutes post-meal compared to dogs on CON, TAU and CCC treatments (P < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in plasma methionine concentrations between CON, TAU and CCC treatments at any time point (P > 0.05). Plasma taurine concentrations were significantly higher across time points in all treatment groups compared to CON (P < 0.05). Whole blood taurine concentrations tended to be higher across time points in MET and TAU treatment groups compared to CCC (P = 0.0513). Overall, MET, TAU and CCC supplementation increased plasma taurine concentrations compared to CON, but only MET supplementation increased plasma methionine concentrations from 30 to 360 minutes post-meal.

Quantile-dependent expressivity of plasma adiponectin concentrations may explain its sex-specific heritability, gene-environment interactions, and genotype-specific response to postprandial lipemia

Background “Quantile-dependent expressivity” occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g. adiponectin) is high or low relative to its distribution. We have previously shown that the heritability (h2) of adiposity, lipoproteins, postprandial lipemia, pulmonary function, and coffee and alcohol consumption are quantile-specific. Whether adiponectin heritability is quantile specific remains to be determined. Methods Plasma adiponectin concentrations from 4,182 offspring-parent pairs and 1,662 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. Quantile-specific heritability from offspring-parent (βOP,h2 = 2βOP/(1 + rspouse)) and full-sib regression slopes (βFS, h2 = {(1 + 8rspouseβFS)0.05-1}/(2rspouse)) were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1,000 bootstrap samples. Results Quantile-specific h2 (± SE) increased with increasing percentiles of the offspring’s age- and sex-adjusted adiponectin distribution when estimated from βOP (Ptrend = 2.2 × 10−6): 0.30 ± 0.03 at the 10th, 0.33 ± 0.04 at the 25th, 0.43 ± 0.04 at the 50th, 0.55 ± 0.05 at the 75th, and 0.57 ± 0.08 at the 90th percentile, and when estimated from βFS (Ptrend = 7.6 × 10−7): 0.42 ± 0.03 at the 10th, 0.44 ± 0.04 at the 25th, 0.56 ± 0.05 at the 50th, 0.73 ± 0.08 at the 75th, and 0.79 ± 0.11 at the 90th percentile. Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, adiponectin’s: (1) heritability was greater in women in accordance with their higher adiponection concentrations; (2) relationships to ADIPOQ polymorphisms were modified by adiposity in accordance with its adiponectin-lowering effect; (3) response to rosiglitazone was predicted by the 45T> G ADIPOQ polymorphism; (4) difference by ADIPOQ haplotypes increased linearly with increasing postprandial adiponectin concentrations. Conclusion Adiponectin heritability is quantile dependent, which may explain sex-specific heritability, gene-environment and gene-drug interactions, and postprandial response by haplotypes.

Correction: Aqeel, M.; et al. “The Effect of Timing of Exercise and Eating on Postprandial Response in Adults: A Systematic Review”. Nutrients, 2020, 12, 221

We would like to submit the following corrections to our recently published paper [...]