scholarly journals Characterization and Modeling of Nano Wear for Molybdenum-Based Lubrication Layer Systems

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽  
Gerhard Poll ◽  
Kai Möhwald ◽  
Simon Schöler ◽  
Florian Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Lubrication Layer ◽  
Wear Tests

As a result of global economic and environmental change, the demand for innovative, environmentally-friendly technologies is increasing. Employing solid lubricants in rolling contacts can reduce the use of environmentally harmful greases and oils. The aim of the current research was the development of a solid lubricant system with regenerative properties. The layer system consisted of a molybdenum (Mo) reservoir and a top layer of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). After surface wear, Mo is supposed to react with atmospheric oxygen and form a new oxide. The determination of the wear volume of thin layers cannot be measured microscopically, which is why the wear behavior is initially determined on the nano level. In this work, single Mo and MoO3 coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) are characterized by nano testing. The main objective was to determine the wear volume of the single coatings using a newly developed method considering the initial topology. For this purpose, nano-wear tests with different wear paths and normal forces were carried out and measured by in situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Based on the characteristic values determined, the coefficient of wear was determined for wear modeling according to Sarkar. The validation of the wear model developed was carried out by further wear tests on the respective mono layers.

Wear of Physical Vapor Deposition TiN Coatings Sliding Against Cr-Steel and WC Counterbodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Rong Wu ◽  
Raymond G. Bayer ◽  
Peter A. Engel ◽  
D. C. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Auger Microscopy

Cutting tools are often coated with titanium nitride (TiN) for its good wear resistance. The method of coating by physical vapor deposition (PVD) has many superior features over other methods of deposition. Among the parameters affecting the wear resistance of PVD TiN coatings, the most crucial ones are the deposition temperature and the coating thickness. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the wear characteristics of PVD TiN coatings produced at two deposition temperatures (around 220°C and 371°C) and for a range of coating thicknesses (0.48 μm to 3.25 μm). A ball-on-flat configuration was used in the study. The flat specimen, made of M2 tool steel coated with TiN, was slid against a 52100 chromium steel (Cr-steel) or a tungsten carbide (WC) ball, dry. These two counterbody materials were chosen because of their different properties. The wear volume was measured and wear scar examined with a 3-D optical profilometer. The worn surfaces and debris were analyzed with scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Quantitative data were obtained for the wear volume and coefficient of friction (COF) as functions of the sliding cycles. In the case of TiN versus Cr-steel, the presence of transferred wear debris on the flattened ball surface and iron oxide in the wear tracks of the coating surface was a major factor controlling the wear behavior. In the case of TiN versus WC, no transferred layers were observed; instead, the presence of flake type debris from the coating in the wear tracks appeared to be the controlling factor. It was concluded that deposition temperature, coating thickness, and counterface influenced wear behavior. For the lower deposition temperature, wear was significantly reduced by thinner coatings. However, for the higher deposition temperature, wear reduction was only obtained with the Cr-steel counterface.

Effect of Oxidation on the Wear Behavior of a ZrN Coating

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1459-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Atar ◽  
H. Çimenoğlu ◽  
E.S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Tests

In the present study tribological performance of ZrN coatings deposited on hardened AISI D2 quality cold work tool steel by arc-Physical Vapor Deposition technique has been examined in as-deposited and oxidized conditions. ZrN coatings were oxidized at 400 oC for various times up to 12 h. Reciprocating wear tests carried out by rubbing Al2O3 balls on the coatings, revealed significant improvement in wear resistance of ZrN coating upon oxidation. Oxidation treatment at 400 oC for 12 h yielded seven times higher wear resistance than as-deposited ZrN coating, beside significant reduction in the wear of counterface (Al2O3 ball).

Friction and Wear Behavior of a Physical Vapor Deposition Coating Studied Using a Micro-Scratch Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaouther Khlifi ◽  
Hafedh Dhiflaoui ◽  
Chokri Ben Aissa ◽  
Najoua Barhoumi ◽  
Ahmed Ben Cheikh Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Coefficient

Abstract CrSiN coating was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering on XC100 steel substrate. Microstructural and morphological properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoindentation and scratching experiments were conducted to study the mechanical and adhesion behavior. Multi-pass scratch tests were conducted under different sliding conditions. Results showed that CrSiN coating has a dense and compact nanocomposite microstructure consisting of CrN nanocrystallites and SiN amorphous matrix. The CrSiN thin film exhibit hardness and Young's modulus of 30.52 ± 1.85 GPa and 338.32 ± 13.5 GPa, respectively. The H/E, H3/E2, and 1/HE2 ratios were also calculated (H/E ≈ 0.09, H3/E2 ≈ 0.024, and 1/HE2 ≈ 2.86 × 10−07) and used to predict and assess the elastic/plastic and wear resistance. Critical loads LC1, LC2, and LC3 obtained with scratch test, were, respectively, 11.5 ± 0.12, 16.6 ± 0.23, and 20 ± 0.35 N. Multi-pass scratch were analyzed and the friction coefficient (COF), the damage mechanism, and wear volume were determined. The use of an energetic approach allowed to determine the energetic wear coefficient. CrSiN coating revealed a low friction coefficient (around 0.1) and a low energetic wear coefficient (6.3 × 10−7 mm3/N.m). In addition, it was found that multi-pass scratch method has the potential to extract relevant information about wear behavior.

Investigation on Wear Behavior of Electrostatic Micro-Solid Lubricant Coatings Under Dry Sliding Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
UmaMaheshwera Reddy Paturi ◽  
Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Molybdenum Disulphide ◽  
Aluminum Specimen

Dry sliding experiences high friction and wear thus influencing the life and quality of the parts under sliding. To provide low friction and improve wear resistance, solid lubricants have an edge over conventional choice. This article features a specific study of the application of solid lubricant in dry sliding operations and presents its influence on wear resistance. Using a pin-on-disc tribometer designed according to ASTM G99 standard, dry sliding wear tests on aluminum alloy AA6351-T6 specimens were performed against uncoated EN31 steel and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) coated EN31 steel discs. In this study, counter surfaces (discs) were coated with micron sized MoS2 solid lubricant powder particles using electrostatic spray coating (ESC) method. The best results for wear volume and friction coefficient (minimum values) were registered when aluminum specimen slid against MoS2 coated EN31 steel. Outcome of this study shows that the presence of solid lubricant film on disc specimen will greatly influence the sliding performance of pin material in lubricating and preventing wear through reduction in the frictional force due to presence of lamellar structure as a transfer film and favorable change in sliding interaction.

Mechanical and Three-body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Carbon-Epoxy Composite With and Without Graphite Filler

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 2509-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Suresha ◽  
B.N. Ramesh ◽  
K.M. Subbaya ◽  
G. Chandramohan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Wear Tests

Fiber and particulate reinforced polymeric composites are known to possess high strength and attractive wear resistance in dry sliding conditions. Though the reinforcement and/filler type are known to control the properties, less is known about their tribo performance especially with graphite as filler material. How these composites perform in abrasive wear situations needs a proper understanding. Hence, the present investigation reports on the mechanical and three-body abrasive wear behavior of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (C-E) and silane treated graphite filled C-E (Gr-C-E) composites. The mechanical properties were evaluated using Universal testing machine. In three-body wear tests, quartz particles of size 150-200 μm were used as dry and loose abrasives. Three-body abrasive wear tests were conducted using rubber wheel abrasion tester under different loads/abrading distances. The results showed that the wear volume increased with increasing abrading distance and the specific wear rate decreased with abrading distance/load and depends on filler loading. However, the presence of silane treated graphite filler in C-E showed a promising trend. Further, the abrasive wear volume of composites has been correlated with mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and percentage elongation. The worn surface features, when examined through scanning electron microscopy, showed more number of broken carbon fibers in C-E compared to graphite filled C-E composites.

Wear Behavior and Structural Characterization of a Nitrogen Implanted Ti6Al4V Alloy at Different Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martinella ◽  
G. Chevallard ◽  
C. Tosello
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Theory Comparison ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Ions ◽  
Wear Tests

ABSTRACTMechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples were implanted with 100 key nitrogen ions to a fluence of 5.1017 ions/cm2 at two different bulk tenneratures: 370°C and 470°C. Wear tests were carried out with a reciprocating slidina tribotester. Structural modifications and wear morphologies were studied by TEM and SEM. 370°C implanted sample showed the same wear behavior as unimplanted ones, while 470°C implanted sample showed better wear resistance because of a TiN hardened layer. Correlations- between microstructural modifications, wear behavior and mechanisms are reported: results agree with the delamination theory. Comparison with ion- and gas-nitrided samples are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Wear Behaviour in Metallic Binders Employed in Diamond Tools for Cutting Stone

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3988
Author(s):  
Fátima Ternero ◽  
Pedro M. Amaral ◽  
Jorge Cruz Fernandes ◽  
Luís Guerra Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Expression ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Diamond Tools ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wear Tests

A type of disc-on-plate test methodology was used to determine the wear behavior of metallic binders employed in the manufacturing of diamond impregnated tools. The disc consists of a special circular wheel that allows the binder materials alone (i.e., without diamond, but sintered under conditions identical to those of the complete tool) to be tested against a plate of stone material under pre-determined testing conditions. The testing conditions are intended to be equivalent to those used in the industrial processes. Using plates of five types of granite and one type of marble, this work comprises wear tests of 15 different types of metallic binders and two sintering modes conducted under, at least, three different values of contact-force. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the wear of the binders can be related to their mechanical properties through an empirical expression. The larger the difference between the characteristics of the tribological pair (binder versus stone), the higher is the correlation between the experimental wear data and the values given by the empirical expression. The relationships presented in this work allow predicting the wear behavior of the binder, and therefore may help in the design process of diamond tools. There was a clear difference between the wear behavior of metallic binders when they were employed against the two main classes of stone under analysis (marble and granite).

Rolling/Sliding Wear Behavior of High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (HSWR) of Traction Machine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Taek Jang ◽  
Seock-Sam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Worn Surface

Steel wires are critical load-bearing components in a wide range of applications such as elevator, cranes, mine haulage etc. The traction machine of elevator which transmits power to wire rope causes micro-slip between wire rope and sheave during reciprocating action. The lubrication condition of wire rope is also changed due to the lack of grease. This study focuses on the wear behavior of steel wire and effect of both dry and grease conditions by using the rolling/sliding contact wear tester done under various slip ratios and rolling speeds. The experimental results of the wear volume curve against the number of revolutions under the grease condition are compared with the results under dry condition. The worn surface of steel wire and the size of wear particles were observed by SEM. In order to quantify the wear amount of steel wire we established an equation and finally obtained the wear coefficient.

Friction wear property of laser surface processed Ni-based amorphous alloy coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 1940014
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Li ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Yanyan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Laser Remelting ◽  
Wear Tests

A Ni–Fe–B–Si–Nb amorphous alloy was deposited on a steel substrate surface via a laser cladding process, and a laser cladding plus laser remelting process. The wear behavior of the laser processed samples and the bulk metallic glass (BMG) sample with the same nominal composition were tested using a pin-on-disc type testing machine. The nano-mechanical properties of the samples were measured with a nano-characterization system. The friction wear tests showed that deep grooves and wear debris were formed on the worn surface of the laser cladded coating, while only shallow grooves for the laser remelted coatings. The friction coefficients of laser remelted coatings and BMG were lower than the laser cladded coating. The wear mass losses of the laser remelted coating were less than the BMG when the laser remelting scanning speed was higher than 6 mm/min. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of the remelted coating is higher than that of the laser cladded coating. Also, they increase with the increasing laser scanning speed with 1227.9 HV and 277.4 GPa when the remelting scanning speed is 8 m/min. Based on the nano-indentation and friction wear tests results, it was found that the friction wear properties of the laser cladded coating, laser remelted coatings and BMG related well to the ratio of H3/E2. A higher value of H3/E2 can lead to a better wear resistance property.

Dry sliding wear behavior of SS316L composites containing h-BN and MoS2 solid lubricants

Wear ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 316 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahathanabodee ◽  
T. Palathai ◽  
S. Raadnui ◽  
R. Tongsri ◽  
N. Sombatsompop
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding
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