scholarly journals Bioassay-Guided Different Extraction Techniques of Carica papaya (Linn.) Leaves on In Vitro Wound-Healing Activities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Hanani Soib ◽  
Hassan Fahmi Ismail ◽  
Fitrien Husin ◽  
Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar ◽  
Harisun Yaakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Methods

Herbal plants are traditionally utilized to treat various illnesses. They contain phytochemicals that can be extracted using conventional methods such as maceration, soxhlet, and boiling, as well as non-conventional methods including ultrasonic, microwave, and others. Carica papaya leaves have been used for the treatment of dengue, fungal, and bacterial infections as well as an ingredient in anti-aging products. Phytochemicals analysis detected the presence of kaempferol, myricetin, carpaine, pseudocarpaine, dehydrocarpaine I and II, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and anthraquinones glycoside. Conventional preparation by boiling and simple maceration is practical, simple, and safe; however, only polar phytochemicals are extracted. The present study aims to investigate the effects of three different non-conventional extraction techniques (ultrasonic-assisted extraction, reflux, and agitation) on C. papaya phytochemical constituents, the antioxidant capacity, and wound-healing activities. Among the three techniques, the reflux technique produced the highest extraction yield (17.86%) with the presence of saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, and phenolic metabolites. The reflux technique also produced the highest 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 0.236 mg/mL followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) (IC50: 0.377 mg/mL) and agitation (IC50: 0.404 mg/mL). At tested concentrations (3.125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL), all extracts do not exhibit a cytotoxicity effect on the human skin fibroblast, HSF1184. Interestingly, reflux and UAE were active fibroblast proliferators that support 85% (12.5 µg/mL) and 41% (6.25 µg/mL) better cell growth, respectively. Additionally, during the early 24 h of the scratch assay, the migration rate at 12.5 µg/mL was faster for all extracts with 51.8% (reflux), 49.3% (agitation), and 42.5% (UAE) as compared to control (21.87%). At 48 h, proliferated cells covered 78.7% of the scratch area for reflux extract, 63.1% for UAE, 61% for agitation, and 42.6% for control. Additionally, the collagen synthesis was enhanced for 31.6% and 65% after 24 and 48 h of treatment for reflux. An HPLC-MS/MS-QTOF (quadruple time-of-flight) analysis of reflux identified nine phytochemicals, including carpaine, kaempferol 3-(2G-glucosylrutinoside), kaempferol 3-(2″-rhamnosylgalactoside), 7-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galactoside-7-rhamnoside, luteolin 7-galactosyl-(1->6)-galactoside, orientin 7-O-rhamnoside, 11-hydroperoxy-12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, palmitic amide, and 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol. The results suggested that reflux was the best technique as compared to ultrasonic and agitation.

scholarly journals Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and wound healing properties of Carica papaya leaves extract

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
H.H. Soib ◽  
H.F. Ismail ◽  
H. Yaakob ◽  
M.K.H. Idris ◽  
A. Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Extraction Solvents

Carica papaya is a well-known plant that has been reported to exert various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and wound healing properties. However, to date, the lack of scientific evidence has been explored on the efficiency of the solvents towards C. papaya extract as a potential wound healer. The selection of proper extraction solvent plays a pivotal role in extracting the bioactive compounds from the plant. Therefore, the present study was aimed to examine the effect of three types of extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) on the antioxidant activity and wound healing potential of C. papaya leaves. In this study, the effect of different solvents of C. papaya leaves extracts were determined through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity assay and scratch migration assay on Human Skin Fibroblast cells (HSF1184). The result showed that the methanolic extract of C. papaya possessed a significant antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol and aqueous extract. The result also demonstrated that methanolic extract significantly stimulates the highest migration rate of HSF1184 cell at a concentration of 3.9 µg/mL, 7.8 µg/mL and 15.6 µg/ mL (p  0.05) after 48 hrs with no cytotoxicity observed at the concentration lower than 1000 mg/mL as compared to other solvents. HPLC analysis of methanol extract identified the presence of two flavonoids (catechin, quercetin) and two phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid). The findings suggest that the methanolic extract of C. papaya is effective in fighting free radicals and it has good wound healing activities. It also has the potential to be further explored for its medicinal values owing to the abundance of bioactive compounds from the extract.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Harvest Preservation and Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Properties of Alternanthera Sessilis Red

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Syafiqah Shaharuddin ◽  
Azizah Othman ◽  
Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohd Zain
Keyword(s):  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Superheated Steam Drying ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Steam Drying

Herbs with antioxidant properties are usually preserved and extracted before being converted into commercial products. The main focus of this study was to determine the effect of preservation of A. sessilis red as well as extraction method on its antioxidant properties. A. sessilis red was preserved using two different methods; freeze drying and superheated steam drying, followed by extraction with 70% ethanol using conventional extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Drying in the superheated steam oven displayed shorter drying period of 1 hour compared to freeze drying (several days). Combination of superheated steam drying and ultrasonic-assisted extraction showed the highest extraction yields (12.99%). Results showed that superheated steam drying and ultrasonic-assisted extraction displayed an increase in the total phenolic content. In terms of antioxidant capacity, A. sessilis extracts obtained from superheated steam drying has higher radical scavenging activity (72.39% - 76.70%) than those freeze-dried (60.68% - 65.33%). Meanwhile, ultrasonic-assisted extraction had negatively impacted the radical scavenging activity of the extracts due to the formation of free radicals that are related to acoustic cavitation. As for ferric reducing antioxidant power, both superheated steam drying and ultrasonic assisted extraction yielded extracts with greater capacity. Present result shows that the combination of superheated steam drying and ultrasonic-assisted extraction enhanced total phenolic content by 60% and improved antioxidant activity based on ferric reducing antioxidant power assay 

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Radix astragali

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Chuan Fu Ma ◽  
Jun Man Kan ◽  
Li Quan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Radix Astragali ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (RAP), and the orthogonal test was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of RAP were evaluated by DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities assay. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for RAP extraction as followings: solid/liquid ratios of 1:20, extraction time of 10 min, ultrasonic power of 65 W and extraction temperature of 60°C. Meanwhile, RAP had relatively higher scavenging activities on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals.

scholarly journals Green and Efficient Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Components from Salvia miltiorrhiza by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping He ◽  
Jiehong Yang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Haitong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) are recently developed green solvent alternatives to conventional fossil solvents. The present work systematically screened 22 different NaDESs for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive components from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a widely used traditional Chinese medical plant. The suitable solvent and extraction condition were optimized in a two-round screening. In comparison with fossil solvents, NaDESs, especially L-proline-lactic acid (L-Pro-Lac) showed significant advantages in the extraction of salvianolic acid B (SAB), tanshinone IIA (TIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CYT). The optimized yields of the three targeting compounds were 42.05, 1.485 and 0.839 mg/g, respectively. The present method was also applied to the pretreatment of SM samples from different geographic origins. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of NaDES extracts were determined in the study to prove the feasibility of NaDES in bioactive component extraction. The application of NaDESs in the extraction of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic small molecules from SM is proved to be a green and efficient method for pretreatment of herbal materials.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Natural Yellow Pigment from Physalis pubescens L. and Its Antioxidant Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Haitang Wang ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Rui Hong ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Physalis pubescens L. is rich in natural pigments but has not yet been fully utilized. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of yellow pigment from Physalis pubescens L. was investigated by response surface methodology in this study. Optimal parameters were ultrasonic power of 29.21%, ultrasonic time of 14.41 min, and ultrasonic interval time of 10.55 s. The yield was 0.193% under optimal parameters. FRAP, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activity of the yellow pigment were 6.11 ± 0.22 mmol/g, 2.80 ± 0.27 mmol/g, and 57281.5 ± 2749.5 U/g, respectively. The results showed that the yield of yellow pigment could be improved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and the yellow pigment extracted by ultrasound had antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Extraction Optimization, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao-Hong Han ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Hong-Yi Li ◽  
Jing-Liu He ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

In order to evaluate effects of extraction techniques on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of kiwifruit polysaccharides (KPS), and further explore KPS as functional food ingredients, both microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were optimized for the extraction of KPS. Furthermore, the physicochemical structures and antioxidant activities of KPS extracted by different techniques were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions of UAE and MAE for the extraction of KPS were obtained by response surface methodology. Different extraction techniques significantly affected the contents of uronic acids, molecular weights, molar ratios of constituent monosaccharides, and the degree of esterification of KPS. Results showed that KPS exhibited remarkable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power. The high antioxidant activities observed in KPS extracted by the MAE method (KPS-M) might be partially attributed to its low molecular weight and high content of unmethylated galacturonic acid. Results suggested that the MAE method could be a good potential technique for the extraction of KPS with high antioxidant activity, and KPS could be further explored as functional food ingredients.

scholarly journals Extraction of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Using Ultrasonic Cleaner

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Lina Fauziah ◽  
Miladiatul Wakidah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Linolenate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Extraction of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) using Ultrasonic Cleaner has been performed. Papaya leaves were extracted for 6 hours in a methanol as solvent. The results of phytochemical screening showed that methanol extract contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, tepenoid, saponin, and phenolic classes. Methanol extract was then partitioned liquid-liquid with n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of partitioning of n-hexane using papaya leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of neophytadiene (1.59%), palmitic acid (1.35%) and methyl linolenate (3.33%). The results showed that Ultrasonic Cleaner can be used to ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural products especially for papaya leaves.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Optimization for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Lincheng Zhang ◽  
Qinping Li ◽  
Weifeng Jin ◽  
Weiyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens were investigated in this study. In order to optimize the extraction of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens, the influence of extraction time, methanol concentration, ultrasonic temperature, and solvent-to-material ratio was analyzed. Results showed that the extraction yields reached a maximum with the extraction time of 30 min, methanol concentration of 80%, temperature of 80 °C, and solvent-to-material ratio of 26 mL/g. The flavonoids were determined by HPLC, and the mean yields of trifolirhizin, formononetin, isoxanthohumol, maackiain, and kurarinone under the optimal conditions were 2.570, 0.213, 0.534, 0.797, and 3.091 mg/g, respectively. The evaluation of vitro antioxidant activity exhibited Sophora flavescens flavonoids had a strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.984 and 1.084 mg/g, respectively. These results indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is an efficient approach for the selective extraction of flavonoids, and response surface methodology further optimized the extraction.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of the Polysaccharides Extracted from Soybean Curd Residue Fermented by Flammulina velutipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ma ◽  
Hongyi Sun ◽  
Zhenya Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue

<p class="1Body">The water-soluble polysaccharides content of soybean curd residue fermented by <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> was about 7 times higher than unfermented one and more than 4 times higher than <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> fruiting body. The optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction method (80 °C, 20 min, 80 W and solid-liquid ratio of 1 g/30 mL) showed a water-soluble polysaccharides extraction yield of 7.88% which was higher than that of hot-water extraction method (6.11%). Moreover, the crude polysaccharides were purified and the main components showed strong activities on DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 0.21 mg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging (IC50 0.42 mg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 0.28 mg/mL) and SOD-like activity (IC50 0.88 mg/mL). The results indicated that the fermentation method could be used as a new approach for bio-active polysaccharides production and a new method for reusing the food industrial waste. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method could be considered as a more efficient method in polysaccharides extraction process. Furthermore, the fermented soybean curd residue could be expected as a new source of antioxidant with the further research value.</p>

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