scholarly journals Development of an Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technique for the Extraction of Natural Coloring Substance Chlorophyll from Leaves of Carica papaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372
Author(s):  
Amna Zulqarnain ◽  
Arjumand Iqbal Durrani ◽  
Hina Saleem ◽  
Saima Rubab
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

scholarly journals Optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Ulva lactuca algal biomass using factorial design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Rashad ◽  
Ghadir El-Chaghaby ◽  
Eder C. Lima ◽  
Glaydson Simoes dos reis
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction

AbstractUltrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is increasingly emerging as a highly effective extraction technique. This extraction technique is affected by several experimental factors. The present work aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Ulva lactuca (sea lettuce), widespread macroalgae growing along the Mediterranean coast. In this respect, a full-factorial design (23) was employed to assess the effect of three different factors at two levels and their interactions on the extraction of antioxidants from sea lettuce algal biomass. The studied factors were extraction solvent, time of extraction, and temperature. The two levels chosen for extraction solvent were 100% ethanol and 50% ethanol, for the sonication time (1 h and 3 h) and temperature (25 °C and 40 °C). All experiments were done using an ultrasonic bath, and the biomass to solvent ratio was kept at 1:5. Total antioxidant capacity and quercetin concentration were set as the two responses for optimum output. The results showed that the temperature and solvent were the dominating factors that significantly affect the extraction process. The optimum extraction parameters were extraction time of 1 h, 50% ethanol, and temperature of 25 °C. Under these conditions, the maximum value for TAA was calculated as 2166.51 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent per gram (mg/g of AAE), and quercetin showed a maximum calculated value of 42.5 mg/g with combined desirability of 0.91 for the two responses. The present study results indicate that U. lactuca can be used as a source of antioxidants and phenolic compounds that can be applied in food and medicine at optimum extraction conditions. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Extraction of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Using Ultrasonic Cleaner

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Lina Fauziah ◽  
Miladiatul Wakidah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Linolenate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Extraction of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) using Ultrasonic Cleaner has been performed. Papaya leaves were extracted for 6 hours in a methanol as solvent. The results of phytochemical screening showed that methanol extract contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, tepenoid, saponin, and phenolic classes. Methanol extract was then partitioned liquid-liquid with n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of partitioning of n-hexane using papaya leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of neophytadiene (1.59%), palmitic acid (1.35%) and methyl linolenate (3.33%). The results showed that Ultrasonic Cleaner can be used to ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural products especially for papaya leaves.

scholarly journals Extraction of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Using Ultrasonic Cleaner

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Lina Fauziah ◽  
Miladiatul Wakidah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Linolenate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Extraction of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) using Ultrasonic Cleaner has been performed. Papaya leaves were extracted for 6 hours in a methanol as solvent. The results of phytochemical screening showed that methanol extract contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, tepenoid, saponin, and phenolic classes. Methanol extract was then partitioned liquid-liquid with n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of partitioning of n-hexane using papaya leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of neophytadiene (1.59%), palmitic acid (1.35%) and methyl linolenate (3.33%). The results showed that Ultrasonic Cleaner can be used to ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural products especially for papaya leaves.

scholarly journals Bioassay-Guided Different Extraction Techniques of Carica papaya (Linn.) Leaves on In Vitro Wound-Healing Activities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Hanani Soib ◽  
Hassan Fahmi Ismail ◽  
Fitrien Husin ◽  
Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar ◽  
Harisun Yaakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Methods

Herbal plants are traditionally utilized to treat various illnesses. They contain phytochemicals that can be extracted using conventional methods such as maceration, soxhlet, and boiling, as well as non-conventional methods including ultrasonic, microwave, and others. Carica papaya leaves have been used for the treatment of dengue, fungal, and bacterial infections as well as an ingredient in anti-aging products. Phytochemicals analysis detected the presence of kaempferol, myricetin, carpaine, pseudocarpaine, dehydrocarpaine I and II, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and anthraquinones glycoside. Conventional preparation by boiling and simple maceration is practical, simple, and safe; however, only polar phytochemicals are extracted. The present study aims to investigate the effects of three different non-conventional extraction techniques (ultrasonic-assisted extraction, reflux, and agitation) on C. papaya phytochemical constituents, the antioxidant capacity, and wound-healing activities. Among the three techniques, the reflux technique produced the highest extraction yield (17.86%) with the presence of saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, and phenolic metabolites. The reflux technique also produced the highest 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 0.236 mg/mL followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) (IC50: 0.377 mg/mL) and agitation (IC50: 0.404 mg/mL). At tested concentrations (3.125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL), all extracts do not exhibit a cytotoxicity effect on the human skin fibroblast, HSF1184. Interestingly, reflux and UAE were active fibroblast proliferators that support 85% (12.5 µg/mL) and 41% (6.25 µg/mL) better cell growth, respectively. Additionally, during the early 24 h of the scratch assay, the migration rate at 12.5 µg/mL was faster for all extracts with 51.8% (reflux), 49.3% (agitation), and 42.5% (UAE) as compared to control (21.87%). At 48 h, proliferated cells covered 78.7% of the scratch area for reflux extract, 63.1% for UAE, 61% for agitation, and 42.6% for control. Additionally, the collagen synthesis was enhanced for 31.6% and 65% after 24 and 48 h of treatment for reflux. An HPLC-MS/MS-QTOF (quadruple time-of-flight) analysis of reflux identified nine phytochemicals, including carpaine, kaempferol 3-(2G-glucosylrutinoside), kaempferol 3-(2″-rhamnosylgalactoside), 7-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galactoside-7-rhamnoside, luteolin 7-galactosyl-(1->6)-galactoside, orientin 7-O-rhamnoside, 11-hydroperoxy-12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, palmitic amide, and 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol. The results suggested that reflux was the best technique as compared to ultrasonic and agitation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides From Sojae Semen Praeparatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110206
Author(s):  
Yongshuai Jing ◽  
Ruijuan Zhang ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Danshen Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides (SSPP-80), the optimum conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 100 W, ultrasonic power of 80 Hz, ultrasonic temperature of 52℃, ultrasonic time of 23 minutes, and liquid to raw material ratio of 40 mL/g. Based on these conditions, polysaccharides extraction rate was 7.72% ± 0.26%. Then, 2 novel polysaccharides (SSPP-80‐1, SSPP-80‐2) were isolated from SSPP by DEAE-cellulose 52 chromatography. The chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, and structure of SSPPs were investigated by simultaneous thermal analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions were mainly composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara). In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated against the DPPH and hydroxyl radical in vitro, the IC50 of SSPP-80, SSPP-80‐1 and SSPP-80‐2 against DPPH free radical were 4.407, 8.267, and 5.204 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50values for removing hydroxyl groups were 5.318, 3.516, and 4.016 mg/mL, respectively. It demonstrated that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions had certain antioxidant activity. Theoretical basis for use of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides was provided by this study.

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