scholarly journals The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Janelle Kaneda ◽  
Jae-Gon Jang ◽  
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami ◽  
Elaine Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Time Point

We evaluated the effect of electron beam (E-beam) sterilization (25 kGy, ISO 11137) on the degradation of β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (β-TCP/PCL) composite filaments of various ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40 TCP:PCL by mass) in a rat subcutaneous model for 24 weeks. Volumes of the samples before implantation and after explantation were measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The filament volume changes before sacrifice were also measured using a live micro-CT. In our micro-CT analyses, there was no significant difference in volume change between the E-beam treated groups and non-E-beam treated groups of the same β-TCP to PCL ratios, except for the 0% β-TCP group. However, the average volume reduction differences between the E-beam and non-E-beam groups in the same-ratio samples were 0.76% (0% TCP), 3.30% (20% TCP), 4.65% (40% TCP), and 3.67% (60% TCP). The E-beam samples generally had more volume reduction in all experimental groups. Therefore, E-beam treatment may accelerate degradation. In our live micro-CT analyses, most volume reduction arose in the first four weeks after implantation and slowed between 4 and 20 weeks in all groups. E-beam groups showed greater volume reduction at every time point, which is consistent with the results by micro-CT analysis. Histology results suggest the biocompatibility of TCP/PCL composite filaments.

BONY TRABECULAR MICRO-STRUCTURE AND POROSITY WITH AGE IN YOUNG RABBIT’S FEMUR: IN-VIVO STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Abd Manan ◽  
Sulaiman Md Dom
Keyword(s):  
Total Porosity ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Mechanical Index ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Microstructure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Analysis

The established of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis software make it compatible to use to determine abnormality of bone morphology. This study investigated 90 new rabbits for bony trabecular microstructure and porosity after their dams were exposed to ultrasound at the second stage of pregnancy (duration - 90 minutes; frequency - 7.09 MHz; spatial peak temporal average intensity (SPTA) - 49.4 W/cm2; power - 56 W; thermal index (TI) - 0.2; mechanical index (MI) - 1.0). A femur of five groups of litters (n = 18 litters per group): 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 month-old was excised and scanned using SkyscanTM 1176. For total porosity, a significant difference was shown in at two month-old group (p = 0.017). A significant difference was also shown in bony trabecular thickness for three month-old group (p < 0.05). For trabecular separation, there was a significant difference at four month-old group (p = 0.040). This study suggested that there might be some significant differences in bony trabecular structure and total porosity with ages. This may be due to heat created by ultrasound exposure, which can apply effect to bone morphology. To determine whether the findings are applicable to human, clinical trials should be carried out in the future.

scholarly journals A Micro-Computed Tomography Comparison of the Porosity in Additively Fabricated CuCr1 Alloy Parts Using Virgin and Surface-Modified Powders

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Mirko Sinico ◽  
Suraj Dinkar Jadhav ◽  
Ann Witvrouw ◽  
Kim Vanmeensel ◽  
Wim Dewulf
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Metallurgical Defects ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Fusion Pores

Recently, the use of novel CuCr1 surface-modified powder for reliable laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing has been proposed, enabling a broader LPBF processing window and longer powder storage life. Nevertheless, virgin CuCr1 powder is also LPBF processable, on the condition that a high-energy density is employed. In this work, we compare two dense specimens produced from virgin and surface-modified CuCr1 powder. Furthermore, a third sample fabricated from surface-modified powder is characterized to understand an abnormal porosity content initially detected through Archimedes testing. Utilizing high-resolution micro-CT scans, the nature of the defects present in the different samples is revealed. Pores are analyzed in terms of size, morphology and spatial distribution. The micro-CT data reveal that the virgin CuCr1 dense specimen displays keyhole pores plus pit cavities spanning multiple layer thicknesses. On the other hand, the sample fabricated with the surface-modified CuCr1 powder mainly contains small and spherical equi-distributed metallurgical defects. Finally, the CT analysis of the third specimen reveals the presence of a W contamination, favoring lack-of-fusion pores between subsequent LPBF layers. The LPBF melting mode (keyhole or conductive), the properties of the material, and the potential presence of contaminants are connected to the different porosity types and discussed.

scholarly journals Insights from in vivo micro‐ CT analysis: testing the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 1831-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Losso ◽  
Andreas Bär ◽  
Birgit Dämon ◽  
Christian Dullin ◽  
Andrea Ganthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Ct Analysis

Single‐staged implant placement using the bone ring technique with and without membrane placement: Micro‐CT analysis in a preclinical in vivo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Nakahara ◽  
Maiko Haga‐Tsujimura ◽  
Kensuke Igarashi ◽  
Eizaburo Kobayashi ◽  
Benoit Schaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Ct Analysis

Quantitative micro-computed tomography analysis and rheological investigation of Nitrile rubber/Rockwool composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110338
Author(s):  
Elisson BD da Rocha ◽  
Ana Maria F de Sousa ◽  
Ana Lúcia N da Silva ◽  
Cristina RG Furtado ◽  
Marcos V Colaço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Ct Analysis

This study reports the reinforcement degree investigation of two types of rockwool fibers (F1 and F2), in nitrile rubber composites. The micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) 3D images showed that both fibers were well-dispersed in the NBR matrix, without a preferential orientation. The micro-CT analysis also allowed quantifying volume fraction, inter-fiber distance, and aspect ratio. Those morphometric parameters were used for supporting the composites rheological behavior assessment. Changes in the elastic modulus and phase angle followed the same trend of the inter-fiber distance values, regardless the type of fiber. Both volume fraction and aspect ratio data from the micro-CT analysis were used to predict theoretical values of elastic modulus using the Guth-Gold and modified Guth-Gold equations, and the results obtained were compared to the rheological experimental data. This analysis was helpful to better understand the rockwool fibers reinforcement degree differences in the production of the nitrile rubber composites.

scholarly journals Impact of DBBM Fragments on the Porosity of the Calvarial Bone: A Pilot Study on Mice

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4748
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kuchler ◽  
Patrick Heimel ◽  
Alexandra Stähli ◽  
Franz Josef Strauss ◽  
Bernadette Luza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Bovine Bone Mineral

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is brittle and can break into fragments. Here, we examined whether DBBM fragments have an impact on mice calvarial bone during bone augmentation. DBBM was either randomly crushed (DBBM fragments) or left undisturbed (DBBM granules). Then, DBBM fragments or original DBBM granules were placed onto calvarial bone in 20 BALB/c mice. Following random allocation, ten mice received DBBM fragments and ten mice received original DBBM granules. After fourteen days of healing, micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis of the augmented sites were performed. The primary outcome was the porosity of the calvarial bone. The micro-CT analysis revealed that DBBM fragments failed to significantly change the porosity of the calvarial bone as compared with original DBBM granules, despite the slightly higher bone resorption in the DBBM fragment group, 10.3% (CI 6.3–11.6) versus 6.1% (CI 4.1–7.8, p = 0.355), respectively. The cortical bone volume was not altered by DBBM fragments as compared with original DBBM granules, i.e., 79.0% (CI 78.9–81.2) versus 81.5% (CI 80.1–83.3, p = 0.357), respectively. The DBBM fragment group revealed similar bone thickness values as compared with the DBBM granules group, i.e., 0.26 mm (CI 0.23–0.29) versus 0.25 mm (CI 0.22–0.27, p = 0.641), respectively. The histological evaluation supported the micro-CT observations, displaying minor signs of porosity and resorption. The particle-size distribution analysis confirmed a shift towards smaller particle sizes in the DBBM fragment group. These findings suggest that DBBM fragments behave similarly to original DBBM granules in terms of bone morphological changes at augmented sites.

scholarly journals Can implants move in bone? A longitudinal in vivo micro‐CT analysis of implants under constant forces in rat vertebrae

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189
Author(s):  
Kathrin Becker ◽  
Frank Schwarz ◽  
Nicole Jasmin Rauch ◽  
Silava Khalaph ◽  
Ilja Mihatovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micro Ct ◽  
Ct Analysis

Radiographic and Micro—Computed Tomographic Imaging of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Bone Resorption

2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Nason ◽  
Dong H. Lee ◽  
Jae Y. Jung ◽  
Richard A. Chole
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

Objectives: Chronic otitis media and cholesteatomas cause hearing loss as a result of bony erosion. This bone resorption is known to be more aggressive when cholesteatomas become infected. The most common organism isolated from both diseases is the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major virulence factor found in the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, is well known to incite inflammatory bone resorption. The mechanisms underlying this process, however, are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a mouse model of calvarial osteolysis in which resorption was reliably imaged by plain radiography and micro–computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods: A murine calvarial model was developed to study bone resorption induced by P aeruginosa LPS. Calvariae from wild-type and knockout mice used in this model were imaged by plain radiography and micro-CT. Results: A high degree of correlation between plain radiography and micro-CT was identified (R2 = 0.8554). Furthermore, maximal LPS-induced bone resorption required functioning toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Conclusions: We have developed a successful model of inflammatory osteolysis in which plain radiography can reliably delineate induced bone resorption. In vivo, we have shown that P aeruginosa LPS signals via TLR2, as well as TLR4 through MyD88.

scholarly journals Distributional Variations in Trabecular Architecture of the Mandibular Bone: An In Vivo Micro-CT Analysis in Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0116194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongshuang Liu ◽  
Chengwei Yan ◽  
Chen kang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Architecture ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Ct Analysis

Hypophosphatasia: Evaluation of Size and Mineral Density of Exfoliated Teeth

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hayashi-Sakai ◽  
N Numa-Kinjoh ◽  
M Sakamoto ◽  
J Sakai ◽  
J Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Present Patient ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Most cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP) exhibit early loss of primary teeth. Results of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of teeth with HPP have not yet been reported. The purpose of the present study was to describe the size and mineral density distribution and mapping of exfoliated teeth with HPP using micro CT. Study design: Seven exfoliated teeth were obtained from a patient with HPP. Exfoliated teeth sizes were measured on micro CT images and mineral densities of the mandibular primary central incisors were determined. Results: Partial dentures were fabricated for the patient to replace the eight primary teeth which had exfoliated. Most primary teeth sizes were within the normal range. The mean values of enamel and dentin mineral densities in teeth with HPP were 1.35 and 0.88 g/cm3, respectively, in the mandibular primary central incisors. Conclusion: Mineral density distribution and mapping revealed that the values in teeth with HPP were lower than the homonymous teeth controls in all regions from the crown to apex. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the differences between HPP and controls were larger on the crown side and the differences tended to converge on the apex side. These results suggested that the present patient showed mild hypomineralization in the primary dentition.

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