scholarly journals Fail-Safe Joints between Copper Alloy (C18150) and Nickel-Based Superalloy (GH4169) Made by Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) Bonding and Using Boron-Nickel (BNi-2) Interlayer

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Chengcong Zhang ◽  
Amir Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Tlp Bonding

Joining heat conducting alloys, such as copper and its alloys, to heat resistant nickel-based superalloys has vast applications in nuclear power plants (including future fusion reactors) and liquid propellant launch vehicles. On the other hand, fusion welding of most dissimilar alloys tends to be unsuccessful due to incompatibilities in their physical properties and melting points. Therefore, solid-state processes, such as diffusion bonding, explosive welding, and friction welding, are considered and commercially used to join various families of dissimilar materials. However, the solid-state diffusion bonding of copper alloys normally results in a substantial deformation of the alloy under the applied bonding load. Therefore, transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding, which requires minimal bonding pressure, was considered to join copper alloy (C18150) to a nickel-based superalloy (GH4169) in this work. BNi-2 foil was used as an interlayer, and the optimum bonding time (keeping the bonding temperature constant as 1030 °C) was determined based on microstructural examinations by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), tensile testing, and nano-hardness measurements. TLP bonding at 1030 °C for 90 min resulted in isothermal solidification, hence obtained joints free from eutectic phases. All of the tensile-tested samples failed within the copper alloy and away from their joints. The hardness distribution across the bond zone was also studied.

scholarly journals Diffusion Bonding and Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) Bonding of Type 304 and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel—A Review of Similar and Dissimilar Material Joints

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz AlHazaa ◽  
Nils Haneklaus
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Dissimilar Material ◽  
Solid State Diffusion ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
State Diffusion

Similar and dissimilar material joints of AISI grade 304 (1.4301) and AISI grade 316 (1.4401) austenitic stainless steel by solid state diffusion bonding and transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding are of interest to academia and industry alike. Appropriate bonding parameters (bonding temperature, bonding time, and bonding pressure) as well as suitable surface treatments, bonding atmosphere (usually high vacuum or protective gas) and interlayers are paramount for successful bonding. The three main parameters (temperature, time, and pressure) are interconnected in a strong non-linear way making experimental data important. This work reviews the three main parameters used for solid state diffusion bonding, TLP bonding and to a smaller degree hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of AISI grade 304 and AISI grade 316 austenitic stainless steel to the aforementioned materials (similar joints) as well as other materials, namely commercially pure titanium, Ti-6A-4V, copper, zircaloy and other non-ferrous metals and ceramic materials (dissimilar joints).

Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of High Strength Low Alloy Steel Coiled Tubing

2010 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Javadzadeh ◽  
T.I. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Tube Steel ◽  
Joint Region ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Tlp Bonding

The oil and gas industry of Alberta, Canada use coiled tubing made from high strength low alloyed steel (HSLA) to extract oil from reservoirs deep beneath the earth’s surface. The repeated use of the coiled tubing in down-hole wells results in fatigue failure of the tube material. In order to repair the coiled tube, a section of tubing is fusion welded using tungsten inert gas welding onto the remaining tube steel. However, the fusion weld often fails within the weld region and therefore, alternative joining methods need to be explored to minimize detrimental changes at the joint region. In this study transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is used with the aid of metal interlayers based on the Ag-Cu and Ni-P systems. These interlayers form a liquid at the melting point and the gradual diffusion of alloying elements into the joint and the diffusion of elements out of the joint region induces isothermal solidification whilst the joint is held at the bonding temperature. The TLP bonding behaviour of the HSLA steel as a function of bonding parameters was investigated and the quality of the joint region determined using metallurgical techniques (light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy) and mechanical testing.

Effect of Heating Rate on Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding of Ni-Based Superalloy GTD-111

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Hyuk Choi ◽  
Sung Wook Kim ◽  
Chang Hee Lee ◽  
Jung Cheol Jang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Solidification Behavior ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
Time Required

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of heating rate on dissolution and solidification behavior during transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of Ni-based superalloy GTD-111. The heating rate was varied by 0.1K/sec, 1K/sec, 10K/sec to the bonding temperatures 1373K and 1423K in vacuum. When the heating rate was slower and the bonding temperature was higher, the completion time of dissolution after reaching bonding temperature decreased. When the heating rate was very slow, the solidification proceeded before reaching bonding temperature and the time required for the completion of isothermal solidification was shorter. However, when the total time required for completion of solidification from the beginning of heating was considered, heating at 0.1K/sec was nearly the same as heating at 10K/sec.

Comparison of Au-In Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Designs for SiC Power Semiconductor Device Packaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (HITEN) ◽  
pp. 000077-000083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Grummel ◽  
Habib A. Mustain ◽  
Z. John Shen ◽  
Allen R. Hefner
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Thermal Reliability ◽  
Power Semiconductor ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is an advanced die-attach technique for wide-bandgap power semiconductor and high-temperature packaging. TLP bonding advances current soldering techniques by raising the melting point to over 500 °C without detrimental high-lead materials. The bond also has greater reliability and rigidity due in part to a bonding temperature of 200 °C that drastically lowers the peak bond stresses. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity is increased 67 % while the bond thickness is substantially reduced, lowering the thermal resistance by an order of magnitude. This work provides an in-depth examination of the TLP fabrication methodology utilizing mechanical and thermal experimental characterization data along with thermal reliability results.

A Review on Recent Advances in Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) Bonding for Thermoelectric Power Module

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Jung ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
M. Mayer ◽  
J. P. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
Bonding Technology ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract In this study, the authors have reviewed recent advances on the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding technology for various applications especially power module packaging in view of the recent increasing demand for the production of vehicles, smartphones, semiconductor devices etc. TLP bonding is one of the potential technologies from clean technology that can replace the Pb-base solder technology without causing any serious environmental issues. It is based on the concept of both brazing as well as diffusion bonding. During TLP bonding, the liquid phase is transiently formed at the bonding interface. At this point, the melting point of filler metal increases due to the diffusion of element which degrades the melting point from liquid phase to base metal. Subsequently, the bonding occurs by isothermal solidification at the bonding temperature of liquid phase. Here, after bonding, the melting temperature of the joint layer becomes higher than bonding temperature. This review introduces the various aspects of TLP bonding including its principle, materials, applications, advantages and properties in detail.

scholarly journals Overview of transient liquid phase and partial transient liquid phase bonding

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 5305-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant O. Cook ◽  
Carl D. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Bonding Kinetics

AbstractTransient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a relatively new bonding process that joins materials using an interlayer. On heating, the interlayer melts and the interlayer element (or a constituent of an alloy interlayer) diffuses into the substrate materials, causing isothermal solidification. The result of this process is a bond that has a higher melting point than the bonding temperature. This bonding process has found many applications, most notably the joining and repair of Ni-based superalloy components. This article reviews important aspects of TLP bonding, such as kinetics of the process, experimental details (bonding time, interlayer thickness and format, and optimal bonding temperature), and advantages and disadvantages of the process. A wide range of materials that TLP bonding has been applied to is also presented. Partial transient liquid phase (PTLP) bonding is a variant of TLP bonding that is typically used to join ceramics. PTLP bonding requires an interlayer composed of multiple layers; the most common bond setup consists of a thick refractory core sandwiched by thin, lower-melting layers on each side. This article explains how the experimental details and bonding kinetics of PTLP bonding differ from TLP bonding. Also, a range of materials that have been joined by PTLP bonding is presented.

Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Inconel 718 With Ni and BNi-2 Nano-Braze Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denzel Bridges ◽  
Anming Hu ◽  
Raymond Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Surface Melting ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles

Abstract Ni nanoparticles were successfully used to join Inconel 718 via transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding in a vacuum environment. Ni nanoparticles of 20 nm, 29 nm, and 41 nm in diameter were synthesized by controlling the reducing agent injection rate and joined at up to 1050 °C and heating rate 5–15 °C/min. Based on the Gibbs-Thomson equation and surface melting models, joining using Ni nanoparticles occurs due to competing solid-state sintering and surface melting processes. It was found that faster heating rate; higher maximum bonding temperature, and larger particle size resulted in higher bonding strength. Using a faster heating rate suppresses the amount of solid-state particle-particle sintering that occurs at lower temperatures, where particle-Inconel 718 joining is less active. The suppression of particle-particle sintering as a function of particle diameter is also discussed. The maximum bonding strength achieved is 243 MPa. The fracture surface for Ni nanoparticle-bonded joints demonstrated intergranular fracture (low strength joints) and a combination of cleavage and microvoid coalescence (high strength joints).

scholarly journals Effect of Bonding Temperature on Microstructure Evolution during TLP Bonding of a Ni3Al based Superalloy IC10

2018 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Yue ◽  
Fengmei Liu ◽  
Hexing Chen ◽  
Di Wan ◽  
Hongbo Qin
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Solidification Rate ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Melting Point Depressant

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ni3Al-based superalloy IC10 was carried out using the interlayer based on the base metal which added B and Hf as the melting point depressant elements. The effect of bonding temperature (1250 – 1270 °C) on the microstructure evolution of bonding joints were investigated. Microstructure of bonding joint composed of isothermally solidification zone (ISZ) formed γ’ phase and athermally solidified zone (ASZ) which consists of newly formed γ+γ’ reticular eutectic among with borides and carbides. Boride precipitates are not formed in diffusion affected zone (DAZ) and the boundary between ASZ and ISZ become not obvious. Isothermally solidification rate decreases as the increase of the bonding temperature.

Phase Transformations during Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of NiAl

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
W.F. Gale ◽  
Y. Guan ◽  
S.V. Orel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Tlp Bonding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Boride Phases

Abstract: Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a joining process in which a liquid-forming interlayer is placed between the substrates to be joined. At the bonding temperature, the interlayer initially liquates. Subsequently, interdiffusion between the liquid interlayer and the adjacent substrates results in a change in the overall composition of the joint, such that isothermal resolidification of the joint takes place. Standard models of the TLP process assume the sequential occurrence of discrete dissolution, isothermal solidification, and homogenization processes. This study uses edge-on transmission electron microscopy investigations to challenge the general applicability of such standard models to the TLP bonding of a variety of systems involving the B2 type intermetallic compound NiAl as a substrate material. This article considers the formation of boride phases apparently at the bonding temperature in NiAl/Ni-Si-B/Ni bonds. The precipitation of repeating sequences of phases in NiAl/Cu/Ni joints and the reliquation of the NiTi substrate in NiAl/Cu/NiTi bonds after the completion of isothermal solidification are examined.

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