scholarly journals The Combined Use of Gentamicin and Silver Nitrate in Bone Cement for a Synergistic and Extended Antibiotic Action against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3413
Author(s):  
John Jackson ◽  
Joey Lo ◽  
Eric Hsu ◽  
Helen M. Burt ◽  
Ali Shademani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Combined Use

Using bone cement as a carrier, gentamicin was for years the default drug to locally treat orthopedic infections but has lost favor due to increasing bacterial resistance to this drug. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combining gentamicin with silver nitrate in bone cement against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Antibacterial effects (CFU counts) of gentamicin and silver were initially studied followed by studies using subtherapeutic concentrations of each in combination. The release rates from cement were measured over 10 days and day 7 release samples were saved and analyzed for antibiotic activity. A strong synergistic effect of combining silver with gentamicin was found using both dissolved drugs and using day 7 bone cement release media for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The cement studies were extended to vancomycin and tobramycin, which are also used in bone cement, and similar synergistic effects were found for day 7 release media with P. aeruginosa but not S. aureus. These studies conclude that the combined use of low loadings of gentamicin and silver nitrate in bone cement may offer an economical and much improved synergistic method of providing anti-infective orthopedic treatments in the clinic.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER KAOLINITE AND SURFACTANT MODIFIED COPPER KAOLINITE AGAINST GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Syafawani Sarah Md Saad ◽  
Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek ◽  
Chun Shiong Chong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of kaolinite modified with antimicrobial compounds against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Copper kaolinite (Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by loading raw kaolinite with copper nitrate trihydrate (CuNO3) while surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite (SM-Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by adding cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) on Cu-Kaolinite. Samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was tested against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442), and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) through disc diffusion technique (DDT) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Cu-kaolinite increased after modified with HDTMA due to the synergistic effects of Cu ions and HDTMA molecules on the kaolinite. The antimicrobial activity for surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite was greater for Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, the attachment of HDTMA on Cu-kaolinite contributed to the enhanced antimicrobial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance Genes in the Plant Pathogen Dickeya dadantii

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 6423-6430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Pandin ◽  
Martine Caroff ◽  
Guy Condemine
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
New Genes

ABSTRACTModification of teichoic acid through the incorporation ofd-alanine confers resistance in Gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This process involves the products of thedltXABCDgenes. These genes are widespread in Gram-positive bacteria, and they are also found in a few Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, these genes are present in all soft-rot enterobacteria (PectobacteriumandDickeya) whosedltDXBACoperons have been sequenced. We studied the function and regulation of these genes inDickeya dadantii.dltBexpression was induced in the presence of the AMP polymyxin. It was not regulated by PhoP, which controls the expression of some genes involved in AMP resistance, but was regulated by ArcA, which has been identified as an activator of genes involved in AMP resistance. However,arcAwas not the regulator responsible for polymyxin induction of these genes in this bacterium, which underlines the complexity of the mechanisms controlling AMP resistance inD. dadantii. Two other genes involved in resistance to AMPs have also been characterized,phoSandphoH.dltB,phoS,phoH, andarcAbut notdltDmutants were more sensitive to polymyxin than the wild-type strain. Decreased fitness of thedltB,phoS, andphoHmutants in chicory leaves indicates that their products are important for resistance to plant AMPs.IMPORTANCEGram-negative bacteria can modify their lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) to resist antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Soft-rot enterobacteria (DickeyaandPectobacteriumspp.) possess homologues of thedltgenes in their genomes which, in Gram-positive bacteria, are involved in resistance to AMPs. In this study, we show that these genes confer resistance to AMPs, probably by modifying LPSs, and that they are required for the fitness of the bacteria during plant infection. Two other new genes involved in resistance were also analyzed. These results show that bacterial resistance to AMPs can occur in bacteria through many different mechanisms that need to be characterized.

scholarly journals Antibiogram for Haemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor ◽  
Pau Cheong Ping ◽  
Anis Farahanum Zainal Abidin ◽  
Muhammad Zulhilmie Saruddin ◽  
Ng Kah Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics

Background. Haemodialysis (HD) catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major complication of long-term catheter use in HD. This study identified the epidemiology of HD CRBSIs and to aid in the choice of empiric antibiotics therapy given to patients with HD CRBSIs.Methods. Patients with HD CRBSIs were identified. Their blood cultures were performed according to standard sterile technique. Specimens were sent to the microbiology lab for culture and sensitivity testing. Results were tabulated in antibiograms.Results. 18 patients with a median age of 61.0 years (IQR: 51.5–73.25) were confirmed to have HD CRBSIs based on our study criteria. Eight (44.4%) patients had gram-negative infections, 7 (38.9%) patients gram-positive infections, and 3 (16.7%) patients had polymicrobial infections. We noted that most of the gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to ceftazidime. Unfortunately, cloxacillin resistance was high among gram-positive organisms.Coagulase-negative StaphylococcusandBacillussp. were the most common gram-positive organisms and they were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Our study revealed the increased incidence of gram-negative organism in HD CRBSIs. Antibiogram is an important tool in deciding empirical antibiotics for HD CRBSIs. Tailoring your antibiotics accordingly to the antibiogram can increase the chance of successful treatment and prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Poly(2-(dimethylamino ethyl)methacrylate) against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Anne B. Rawlinson ◽  
Sinéad M. Ryan ◽  
Giuseppe Mantovani ◽  
Jay A. Syrett ◽  
David M. Haddleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ethyl Methacrylate

scholarly journals Synergistic Efficacy of Antibiotics and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Eichhornia crassipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Basker
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

<p><strong>The increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance has made an important public health issue in the present scenario.  Thus it is urging to develop alternate and more effective therapeutic strategies to treat both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes.</strong>  <strong>Now a days silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized biologically gaining much importance with different applications as they are nontoxic and eco-friendliness.</strong> <strong>The antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of</strong><strong><em> Eichhornia crassipes</em></strong><strong> was evaluated with the panel of antibiotics </strong><strong>like vancomycin, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline</strong><strong> and microorganisms </strong><strong>in the category of either gram positive or gram negative type.</strong><strong> <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus </em>proved to be effective with highest zone formation. In addition, possible synergistic effects of antibiotics were loaded with standard concentration of 20</strong> <strong>μl</strong><strong> of AgNPs and the effect of inhibition was highest in the antibiotic Tetracycline followed by Streptomycin, Vancomycin and Penicillin with different tested microbes. </strong><strong>The synergistic association of antibiotics with biosynthesized metallic silver nanoparticles proved to be effective against the tested microbes than control. The antibiotics showed higher zone of inhibition when added to AgNPs.</strong></p>

Discriminatory antibacterial effects of calix[n]arene capped silver nanoparticles with regard to Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (64) ◽  
pp. 7150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Boudebbouze ◽  
Anthony W. Coleman ◽  
Yannick Tauran ◽  
Hela Mkaouar ◽  
Florent Perret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Vitamin E: in Vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dalia Abd Al Kader Al-Salih ◽  
Fitua M. Aziz ◽  
Bahir Abdul Razzaq Mshimesh ◽  
Muhanad T. Jehad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Overuse of antibiotics has become the major factor for the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains of several groups of microorganisms and this lead to search for agents that may have antibacterial effects. Vitamin E emerged as an essential, fat-soluble nutrient in the human body and it is essential, because the body cannot manufacture its own vitamin E, so foods and supplements must provide it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E against pathogenic bacteria. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria were selected as the test microorganisms based on their importance in infections. In this study vitamin E used in four concentrations (50,100,200,400) IU/ml. The agar diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity. Results showed that gram negative bacteria were shown to be more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The resistance of gram negative bacteria towards antibacterial substances may be related to lipopolysaccharides in their outer membrane.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils and Extracts of Six Herbals Against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Amin ◽  
Sousan Akrami ◽  
Farkhondeh Haghparasty ◽  
Atiyeh Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Today, due to the increasing use of chemical drugs and the spread of microbial resistance to synthetic antibiotics, as well as side effects of drugs, the identification and introduction of plant species with medicinal and antimicrobial properties is very important. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of essential oils and extracts of 6 medicinal plants from Ahvaz region, Iran against 12 Gram-positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria were evaluated. Methods: The EOs and extracts were extracted using water distillation with Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial properties and determination of the minimum concentration of growth inhibition of herbals were investigated by the modified E-test method. Results: All analyzed extracts and EOs showed antibacterial effects. The antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens was strongest herbals with the least MIC ranges (0.008-0.1 mg/ml for EO, 0.9-20 mg/ml for extract), while the antibacterial effects of Artemisia vulgaris extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra EO with the highest MIC were weaker than the others. According to the effectiveness of plant extracts on bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all extracts except Oliveria decumbens. In contrast, Bacillus cereus was more sensitive than other strains against analyzed EOs and extracts.Conclusions: It seems that due to the antimicrobial properties of the extracts and essential oils observed in this study, they can be used as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs after more extensive studies.

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