scholarly journals The Role of Observation–Measurement Methods in the Surface Characterization of X39Cr13 Stainless-Steel Cutting Blades Used in the Fish Processing Industry

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5796
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kapłonek ◽  
Krzysztof Nadolny ◽  
Bartosz Zieliński ◽  
Jarosław Plichta ◽  
Danil Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Five Axis

In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These machines are usually equipped with a single planar cutting blade or a few of such blades. The high-efficiency skinning and industrial conditions cause rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade, which is detrimental to the quality of the final product. One of the forms of renewing the cutting ability of these types of tools is the regeneration carried out with the use of precise traverse surface grinding. The results of this process must be carefully verified for determining its correctness and possible optimization of its parameters. The main goal of this article was to characterize the usefulness of a number of observational and measuring methods to evaluate the results of the technical blade regeneration process. In this work, a number of contemporary observation–measurement methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical profilometry (OP), and angle-resolved scattering (ARS), supported by image processing and analysis techniques, were analyzed. The authors focused on presenting the role of the abovementioned methods in the surface characterization of planar cutting blades made of X39Cr13 chromium martensitic stainless steel before and after the technological operation of flat-fish skinning. Additionally, the surface condition after the regeneration process carried out using the five-axis CNC (computerized numerical control) grinding machine was also assessed. Numerous results of surface observations, elemental composition microanalysis, high-accuracy surface microgeometry measurements, and quantitative and qualitative analysis confirming the possibility of using the proposed methods in the presented applications are presented.

scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

Acceleration of the healing process of full-thickness wounds using hydrophilic chitosan–silica hybrid sponge in a porcine model

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ung Park ◽  
Seol-Ha Jeong ◽  
Eun-Ho Song ◽  
Juha Song ◽  
Hyoun-Ee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Cutaneous Wounds ◽  
Chemical Coupling

In this study, we evaluated the surface characterization of a novel chitosan–silica hybridized membrane and highlighted the substantial role of silica in the wound environment. The chemical coupling of chitosan and silica resulted in a more condensed network compared with pure chitosan, which was eventually able to stably maintain its framework, particularly in the wet state. In addition, we closely observed the wound-healing process along with the surface interaction between chitosan–silica and the wound site using large-surface-area wounds in a porcine model. Our evidence indicates that chitosan–silica exerts a synergetic effect of both materials to promote a remarkable wound-healing process. In particular, the silica in chitosan–silica accelerated wound closure including wound contraction, and re-epithelialization via enhancement of cell recruitment, epidermal maturity, neovascularization, and granulation tissue formation compared with pure chitosan and other commercial dressing materials. This advanced wound dressing material may lead to effective treatment for problematic cutaneous wounds and can be further applied for human skin regeneration.

Surface characterization of Zr/Ti/Nb tri-layered films deposited by magnetron sputtering on Si(111) and stainless steel substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 051505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Tallarico ◽  
Angelo L. Gobbi ◽  
Pedro I. Paulin Filho ◽  
Anouk Galtayries ◽  
Pedro A. P. Nascente
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Steel Substrates

scholarly journals Surface Characterization of Virulent Treponema pallidum

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Alderete ◽  
Joel B. Baseman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Testicular Cells

Characterization of the surface of Treponema pallidum was accomplished by [ 125 I]lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact organisms and sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis technology. At least 11 outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 89,000 (89K) to 20K were identified, and all elicited high titers of antibody in experimentally infected rabbits. Proteins of 89.5K, 29.5K, and 25.5K previously implicated as ligands involved in attachment (J. B. Baseman and E. C. Hayes, J. Exp. Med. 151: 573-586, 1980) were found to reside on the treponemal surface. Low levels of the 89.5K treponemal protein were released by high salt concentrations, whereas the remaining comigrating material was neither radioiodinated nor released with selective detergents. Other lower-molecular-weight (60K, 45K, and 30K) surface proteins were extracted with octyl glucoside detergent, suggesting their hydrophobic interaction with the external membrane. The molecular organization of surface proteins was studied by employing the cross-linker dithiobis(succinimidyl)-propionate, and data suggested the presence of a highly fluid envelope resulting in random collisions by the surface proteins. The biological function of the treponemal outer envelope proteins was evaluated using, as the indicator system, adherence of T. pallidum to monolayer cultures of eucaryotic cells. Trypsin treatment of motile, freshly harvested organisms decreased the extent of surface parasitism to normal rabbit testicular cells, reinforcing the idea of the proteinaceous nature and role of treponemal ligands for attachment. Other data supported functional and antigenic relatedness among the implicated ligands. Finally, brief periodate treatment of human epithelial (HEp-2) and normal rat testicular cells as well as casein-elicited rabbit peritoneal macrophages significantly reduced the extent of treponemal parasitism, suggesting a role of specific host membrane molecules as mediators of attachment.

Surface characterization of nitrogen-ion-implanted etched and polished AISI 316 stainless steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 237 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Aggarwal ◽  
A.K. Goel ◽  
R.K. Mohindra ◽  
P.K. Ghosh ◽  
M.C. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrogen Ion ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Ion Implanted
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