scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

Surface Roughness Characterization of ZnO: TiO2-Organic Blended Solar Cells Layers by Atomic Force Microscopy and Fractal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ştefan Ţălu ◽  
Sebastian Stach ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Dinesh Pathak ◽  
Tomas Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

The objective of this work is to quantitatively characterize the 3D complexity of ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers by atomic force microscopy and fractal analysis. ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers were investigated by AFM in tapping-mode in air, on square areas of 25 μm2. A detailed methodology for ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers surface fractal characterization, which may be applied for AFM data, is presented. Detailed surface characterization of the surface topography was obtained using statistical parameters, according with ISO 25178-2: 2012. The fractal dimensions Df values (all with average ± standard deviation), obtained with morphological envelopes method, for: blend D1 ( P 3 HT : PCBM : ZnO : TiO 2 blend with ratio 1:0.35:0.175:0.175 mg in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene) is Df = 2.55 ± 0.01; and for blend D2 ( P 3 HT : PCBM : ZnO : TiO 2 blend with ratio 1:0.55:0.075:0.075 mg in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene) is Df = 2.45 ± 0.01. Denoting the ratios in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene with D1 and D2 articles. The 3D surface roughness of samples revealed a fractal structure at nanometer scale. Fractal and AFM analysis may assist manufacturers in developing ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers with better surface characteristics and provides different yet complementary information to that offered by traditional surface statistical parameters.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development and characterization of hot dip aluminide coated stainless steel 316L

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Mukhtar ◽  
Waqas Asghar ◽  
Zubair Butt ◽  
Zaheer Abbas ◽  
Mudaser Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Retracted Article

scholarly journals Surface roughness characterization of stainless steel after laser assisted machining

Mechanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Felusiak ◽  
Martyna Wiciak-Pikuła ◽  
Tadeusz Chwalczuk ◽  
Piotr Kieruj ◽  
Paweł Twardowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Laser Assisted Machining ◽  
Carbide Inserts ◽  
Cemented Carbide Inserts

The paper presents the analysis of the influence of laser assisted machining (LAM) on various parameters of surface roughness of stainless steel. The tests were carried out for cemented carbide inserts with varying cutting parameters. In most cases, a significant reduction in the roughness parameters was observed using LAM.

Tubing String Thread Sealing Surfaces Damage Evaluation Based on Acoustic Elasticity Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Sun ◽  
Shang Yu Yang ◽  
Yao Rong Feng ◽  
Kai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Tubing String ◽  
Acoustic Elasticity

During the processing of tubing premium threaded made up, the degree of the thread sealing surface intactness will directly affect the sealing performance of the string. Nevertheless, there are some difficulties to detect the damage of the engaged sealing surface effectively. In the present study the sealing surface damage was judged by the sealing surface contact stress’s relative changes according to the acoustic elasticity theory,. At the same time, the wear defects generated at the tubing sealing surface, during the tubing made up, contrasted with the wear and unworn surface roughness of coupling ultrasonic detected about the sealing surface. The results showed that with the acoustic amplitude evaluated the sealing contact stress was susceptible to the influence of surface roughness of coupling. But the reflection wave with the center frequency on the sealing surface characterization of the contact stress could avoid this problem effectively.

The Cutting Speed Influences on Tool Wear of ZTA Ceramic Cutting Tools and Surface Roughness of Work Material Stainless Steel 316L during High Speed Machining

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifah Mohd Ali ◽  
Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah ◽  
Manimaran Ratnam ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dense Body ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Matlab Programming

The purpose of this research is to find the effects of cutting speed on the performance of the ZTA ceramic cutting tool. Three types of ZTA tools used in this study which are ZTA-MgO(micro), ZTA-MgO(nano) and ZTA-MgO-CeO2. Each of them were fabricated by wet mixing the materials, then dried at 100°C before crushed into powder. The powder was pressed into rhombic shape and sintered at 1600°C at 4 hours soaking time to yield dense body. To study the effect of the cutting speed on fabricated tool, machining was performed on the stainless steel 316L at 1500 to 2000 rpm cutting speed. Surface roughness of workpiece was measured and the tool wears were analysed by using optical microscope and Matlab programming where two types of wear measured i.e. nose wear and crater wear. Result shows that by increasing the cutting speed, the nose wear and crater wear increased due to high abrasion. However, surface roughness decreased due to temperature rise causing easier chip formation leaving a good quality surface although the tool wear is increased.

Development of polymer abrasive medium for nanofinishing of microholes on surgical stainless steel using abrasive flow finishing process

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Singh ◽  
M Ravi Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Medium ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Abrasive Flow Finishing

The finishing operation completes the manufacturing cycle of a component. Depending on the level of finish (micro and nano) required on the component surface, different finishing processes are employed. Several components employed in medical, automotive and chemical industries use different types of passages for the flow of fluid. The surface roughness of such passages decides the functionality of the component. Drug-eluting stents are one of the recent advancements in the medical industry. They possess microholes for release of the drugs to the point of cure. Microholes are mostly fabricated by thermal-based micromachining processes that generate metallurgically destroyed surface layers with high surface roughness. Later, these are polished using chemical or electrochemical polishing techniques, which chemically destroy the quality of the surface. These metallurgically and chemically modified (destroyed/changed) rough surfaces on the microhole wall can cause contamination of the drug. So in this article, microholes of diameter 850 ± 30 µm are fabricated in surgical stainless steel (SS 316L) workpieces using the electric discharge micromachining process. Machined microholes are finished by employing a non-traditional finishing process called the abrasive flow finishing process. Instead of using a commercially available expensive abrasive flow finishing medium, the economic medium is fabricated in-house, and its rheological study is carried out. Machining process produces microholes with a surface roughness of about 1.40 ± 0.10 µm. Later, by finishing of microholes with the abrasive flow finishing process, the surface roughness is reduced to 150 nm (percentage surface roughness improvement of about 88.53%). Therefore, the abrasive flow finishing process is a viable alternative to chemical-based polishing processes as it removes the recast layer and achieves nanosurface roughness.

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