scholarly journals The Use of Fragmented, Worn-Out Car Side Windows as an Aggregate for Cementitious Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Szeląg ◽  
Bartosz Zegardło ◽  
Wojciech Andrzejuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Side Window ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Composite Samples

The paper describes a new model of concrete production, which contains a glass cullet. A worn-out car side window have been used for the production of recycled glass aggregate (RGA) and its properties were examined. The RGA was used in concrete as a 50% and 100% mass substitute of the traditional aggregate. Basic tests of fresh concrete mix and hardened concrete were carried out. The consistency, the air content in the concrete mix, the density of hardened concrete, water absorption, water resistance, frost resistance, and the compressive strength (after 9, 28, and 90 days) were evaluated. Composite samples were also subjected to microscopic analysis. The results showed that the RGA can be recommended as an aggregate for concretes, and the features of the RGA concrete are more favorable than those of traditional concrete. The microscopic analyses allowed us to identify the reasons for improving the properties of the RGA composites.

scholarly journals Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Glass Aggregates Produced of Exploded Lighting Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Drzymała ◽  
Bartosz Zegardło ◽  
Piotr Tofilo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Shape ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using glass waste from recycled lighting materials as aggregates for cement concrete. The research material was obtained from a company that utilizes electrical waste. Glass from pre-sorted elements was transported to the laboratory and crushed in a drum crusher. In this way, the aggregate obtained was subjected to the basic tests that are carried out for aggregates traditionally used in construction. The specific density of aggregate, bulk density, absorbability, crushing index, grain shape, texture type and aggregate flatness index were examined. In the next stage of research work, concrete mixtures were made in which crushed aggregate from crushed fluorescent lamps was used as a substitute for gravel aggregate. Mixtures containing 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% aggregate were made. A mixture containing only sand and gravel aggregate was made as a comparative mixture. Basic tests of both fresh concrete mix and hardened concrete were carried out for all concrete made. The consistency of the fresh concrete mix, the air content in the concrete mix, the density of hardened concrete, absorbability, water permeability under pressure and the basic compressive and tensile (flexular) strength tests were performed. The test results showed that the greater the addition of recycled glass aggregate, the less advantageous are the features of the concrete obtained with its participation. Microscopic analyses carried out in order to explain this phenomenon indicated an unfavorable influence of the grain shape of the aggregate thus obtained. Despite this fact, recycling of lighting waste in concrete composites is recommended as a pro-ecology measure; however, attention was paid to the benefits of using only 30% by mass of said waste in relation to the weight of the traditional aggregate used. Composite with such a quantity of waste retained the characteristics of cement concrete, which qualified its use for construction concrete.

Investigation of Critical Quality Assurance Parameter Variations for Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 1575 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Richard K. Smutzer ◽  
Sedat Gulen ◽  
Youlanda K. Belew ◽  
Virgil L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Mix

The Indiana Department of Transportation is involved in preparing statistically sound specifications for strong and durable concrete used in quality assurance programs. Previous laboratory studies relating concrete strength to air content and concrete mix designs dealt with variation in compressive strength. This study searched for a statistically sound relationship between air content, concrete mix designs, and flexural strength. This study also developed a high-pressure method of hardened concrete air content determination. Sixty-four independent batches (combinations) of concrete were produced, each batch was subjected to a total of 24 tests—4 plastic and 20 hardened. The design factors were aggregate type and gradation, plastic air content, cement, and pozzolanic content and testing operator. After plastic testing, three flexural strength beams were cast from each batch of concrete. The experimental design response variables consisted of flexural, compressive, and split tensile strength along with pulse velocity. Analysis of variances, indicated that the optimum flexural strength could be obtained using as-received stone course aggregate and an air content of between 6 percent and 7.9 percent, with no fly ash. A high-pressure air meter, similar to the meter developed by the Army Corps of Engineers, was used. A strong statistical correlation of determination, r2 = 0.94, was obtained between plastic and the hardened concrete air content using this meter.

Precision of the air void characteristics measurement by ASTM C 457: results of an interlaboratory test program

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Saucier ◽  
Richard Pleau ◽  
Daniel Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Spacing Factor ◽  
Interlaboratory Test ◽  
Void System ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Air Void

Since 1993, the Quebec Department of Transportation requires all its concrete suppliers to demonstrate that their concrete satisfies the requirements of the CSA A23.1 standard as regards the maximum spacing factor of the air void system. This new requirement raises questions about the reproducibility of the ASTM C 457 test method. An interlaboratory study was carried out to verify if the variability of the test method is sufficiently low to allow reliable decisions on the acceptance or rejection of in-place hardened concrete. A total of 18 operators from 13 different laboratories microscopically examined the six concrete slabs used for the study. It is concluded that the average reproducibility coefficient of variation is 14.4% for the total air content measurement and 14.2% for the spacing factor measurement. Considering these results, the probability that the measured value of the spacing factor exceeds the mandatory limit of 230 μm on a concrete production containing an air void system with a spacing factor of 170 μm (the target value proposed in the CSA A23.1 M-94 standard) is less than 0.7% (a probability of error of about 1%, 5%, or 10% is typical of most quality control test methods). Key words: concrete, air content, air void measurement, spacing factor, ASTM C 457 standard, interlaboratory study, freeze–thaw durability.

Effect of Substitution of Crushed Waste Glass as Partial Replacement for Natural Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwarotimi M. Olofinnade ◽  
Julius M. Ndambuki ◽  
Anthony N. Ede ◽  
David O. Olukanni
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix

Reusing of waste glass in concrete production is among the attractive option of achieving waste reduction and preserving the natural resources from further depletion thereby protecting the environment and achieving sustainability. This present study examines the possible reuse of waste glass crushed into fine and coarse aggregate sizes as partial substitute for natural fine and coarse aggregate in concrete. The variables in this study is both the fine and coarse aggregate while the cement and water-cement ratio were held constant. The crushed glass was varied from 0 – 100% in steps of 25% by weight to replace the both the natural fine and coarse aggregate in the same concrete mix. Concrete mixes were prepared using a mix proportion of 1:2:4 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) at water-cement ratio of 0.5 targeting a design strength of 20 MPa. Tests were carried out on total number of 90 concrete cube specimens of size 150 x 150 x150 mm and 90concrete cylinder specimens of dimension 100 mm diameter by 200 mm height after 3, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 90 days of curing. Test results indicated that the compressive and split tensile strength of the hardened concrete decreases with increasing waste glass content compared with the control. However, concrete mix made with 25% waste glass content compared significantly well with the control and can be suitably adopted for production of light weight concrete.

scholarly journals Concrete Compressive Strength under Changing Environmental Conditions during Placement Processes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambroziak ◽  
Patryk Ziolkowski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Mix Design ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Limiting Behaviour

The technological process of concrete production consists of several parts, including concrete mix design, concrete mix production, transportation of fresh concrete mix to a construction site, placement in concrete framework, and curing. Proper execution of these steps provides good quality concrete. Some factors can disturb the technological process, mainly temperature and excessive precipitation. Changing daily temperature and rainfall during fabrication, transportation, and placement can shape not only the properties of the concrete mix but also the compressive strength of hardened concrete. In this paper, we tried to answer the question of how temperature and precipitation affect concrete production. The scope of this study was to determine the change of compressive strength of the hardened concrete in a specific period for selected concrete mix recipes, taking into account changing daily temperature and precipitation magnitude. The investigated concrete mixes concrete compressive strength beyond that of the concrete grade, termed “concrete superstrength”. This concrete post limiting behaviour of concrete is also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of crushed glass aggregate on the physico-mechanical properties of micro-concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-228
Author(s):  
Maza Mekki ◽  
◽  
Naceri Abdelghani ◽  
Salim Zitouni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
A Value ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Glass Wastes ◽  
Crushed Limestone

Demand for aggregates is growing considerably in line with the development of construction in Algeria. To overcome it, it will be necessary to ensure a rational exploitation of the aggregates available to the country by aevaluation of the existingresources. According to the statistics, the glass wastes accounted for 7% of the world’s solid wastes. The glass wastes can be used in concrete production in two forms: replacing part of aggregate or using as supplementary cementmaterial to replace cement. Using glass wastes to produce recycled aggregates for the production of new concrete reduces the consumption of natural resources as well as landfills.This work consists in formulating a micro-concrete with a substitution of 5 to 25% by weight of crushed calcareous aggregates of fraction 3/8 by glass aggregates of the same fraction 3/8. The incorporation of glass wastes as an aggregate in the micro-concrete plays a role of skeleton and improves its compressive mechanical strength.The compressive strength is considerably improved by substitution of crushed calcareous aggregates by recycled glass aggregates. The optimum has been reached for a value of around 46 MPa for a substitution of 10% of crushed limestone aggregates. The substitution of 10% crushed gravel by crushed glass allows improving the strength of more than 27%.The results obtained provedthat waste glass can be used as an aggregate for producing micro-concrete with a relatively high strength which will not deteriorate with time.

scholarly journals Impact of Water Quality on Concrete Mix and Hardened Concrete Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Wanda Kokoszka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The subject of the present article is the evaluation of the use of different water types in the production of concrete mix and C20/25 class concrete (assuming the same composition). Taking as an example a selected Subcarpathia-based concrete production plant, equipped with a process water management system, the research analysed the quantity-quality parameters of drinking water, sewage water, and groundwater and evaluated them for their accordance with mixing-water quality standards. It should be emphasised that the majority of specifications recommend the use of drinking water for concrete production. The paper presents the results of research which analysed the impact of water quality on selected properties of concrete mix and concrete (consistency; compressive strength after 7, 14, and 28 days; density). The results obtained confirmed the findings of the research on the suitability of recycled water for concrete production.

The Effect of Concrete Mix Proportion to the Air Bubble Spacing Coefficients of Hardened Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hui Chao Liang ◽  
Bao Cheng Zhao ◽  
Yu Chuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Concrete Mix

A large number of studies have shown that the air content of fresh concrete and the air bubble spacing coefficients of hardened concrete can be used to characterize the frost resistance of concrete. The performance of air-entraining agent is an important influence factor of these two indexes, and the effect of concrete mix proportion cannot be ignored. In this paper, the effect of concrete mix proportion to the air bubble spacing coefficients of hardened concrete has been studied through a series of tests.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF VISCOSITY MODIFYING AGENT ON SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, SEGREGATION RESISTANCE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Grabiec
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Modifying Agent ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Mix

Rheological properties of self-compacting concrete mixes containing a viscosity modifying agent (VMA) in their composition were studied. After preliminary studies self-compacting concrete mixes and, particularly, a fluid concrete mix prone to segregation of its ingredients were chosen. VMA was added in various amounts to that concrete mix to check how it performed in fresh and hardened concrete. Main studies focused on the influence of VMA on the following properties of concrete mixes: the slump flow, the flow time into the diameter of 500 mm and the resistance to segregation in the vertical direction. Moreover, the air content of concrete mixes and the 28-day compressive strength of concrete were measured. Test results showed that VMA significantly influenced the rheological properties of concrete mix, stabilised it and reduced the segregation. It was proved, that the concrete mix modified by VMA used in the optimal amount, featured the smallest scatter of concrete strength results. Besides, the Tukey's test showed that a reduction of the concrete compressive strength is possible to be statistically insignificant when compared to the reference level.

scholarly journals Consistency and mechanical properties of sustainable concrete blended with brick dust waste cementitious materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Amakye ◽  
S. J. Abbey ◽  
A. O. Olubanwo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Brick Dust

AbstractThe reuse of waste materials in civil engineering projects has become the topic for many researchers due to their economic and environmental benefits. In this study, brick dust waste (BDW) derived from cutting of masonry bricks and demolition waste which are normally dumped as land fill is used as partial replacement of cement in a concrete mix at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively, with the aim of achieving high strength in concrete using less cement due to the environmental problems associated with the cement production. To ascertain the effects of BDW on the consistency and mechanical performance of concrete mix, laboratory investigations on the workability of fresh concrete and the strength of hardened concrete were carried out. Slump and compaction index test were carried out on fresh concrete mix and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and tensile strength test were conducted on hardened concrete specimen after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results showed high UCS and tensile strength with the addition of 10% BDW to the concrete mix, hence achieving the set target in accordance with the relevant British standards. A gradual reduction in strength was observed as BDW content increases, however, recording good workability as slump and compaction index results fell within the set target range in accordance with relevant British standards. Findings from this study concluded that BDW can partially replace cement in a concrete mix to up to 30% igniting the path to a cleaner production of novel concrete using BDW in construction work.

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