scholarly journals Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers by Oxy-Fluorination

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Kruppke ◽  
Christina Scheffler ◽  
Frank Simon ◽  
Rolf-Dieter Hund ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Fluorine Concentration ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
A Minor

In this paper, the oxy-fluorination process and the influence of different concentrations of fluorine and oxygen in the gas phase on the physicochemical properties of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fibers are described. The properties of the treated carbon structures are determined by zeta potential and tensiometry measurements. In addition, changes in surface composition and morphology are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesion properties are characterized by the single fiber pull-out (SFPO) test. Furthermore, changes in intrinsic properties are described by means of tensile and density measurements. After a primary desizing effect by oxy-fluorination, an increased number of oxygen-containing surface functional groups could be detected, which led to more debonding work in SFPOs with an epoxy-based matrix. It was also shown that the polar surface energy grows with rising fluorine concentration in the reaction gas mixture. In addition, a minor increase of ~10% in the maximum strength of PAN-based carbon fibers is detected by single fiber tensile measurements after oxy-fluorination with a fluorine content of 5% in the reaction mixture.

Preparation, Performance and Analysis of Carbon Fibers with Dielectric Barrier Discharges Plasma Surface Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Xia Zhang ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Dielectric Barrier Discharges ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Barrier Discharges

The deposition of coatings on the surface of carbon fiber will be helpful to their appli-cations. However, they are unsuitable to be deposited due to their low surface free energies, poor wettability and poor adhesions. The objective of this work is to modify carbon fibers by Dielect-ric barrier discharges (DBD) in ambient argon. The chemical and physical changes induced by the treatments on carbon fibers surface are examined using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interfacial adhesion of CF/EP composites are analysised by a single filament pull-out test. The contact angles of the plasma-treated samples are visibly reduced than the untreated samples. XPS results reveal that the carbon fibers modified with the DBD at an atmospheric pressure show a significant increase in oxygen-containing groups, such as C–O,C=O and O–C=O. The results of IFSS tests show that the treated carbon fibers composit-es could possess excellent interfacial properties with mixed resins. These results demonstrate that the surfaces of the carbon fibers samples are more active, hydrophilic and rough after plasma treatments using a DBD operating in ambient argon.

scholarly journals Comparison and Impact of Different Fiber Debond Techniques on Fiber Reinforced Flexible Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Beter ◽  
Bernd Schrittesser ◽  
Boris Maroh ◽  
Essi Sarlin ◽  
Peter Filipp Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Fiber ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Microbond Test ◽  
Modified Test

The focus of this paper is the realization and verification of a modified fiber bundle pull-out test setup to estimate the adhesion properties between threads and elastic matrix materials with a more realistic failure mode than single fiber debond techniques. This testing device including a modified specimen holder provides the basis for an adequate estimation of the interlaminar adhesion of fiber bundles including the opportunity of a faster, easier, and more economic handling compared to single fiber tests. The verification was done with the single-fiber and microbond test. Overall, the modified test setup showed the typical pull-out behavior, and the relative comparability between different test scales is given.

The Effects of Contents of Oxygen in Argon-Oxygen Mixed Gas on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Films by CCP Discharge

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Yan Feng Xie ◽  
Hong Ying Zhou ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Han Wen Zhang ◽  
Yun Cheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Pet Films

In the present work, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films have been exposed to capacitive coupled plasma (CCP) to improve their surface properties for fabricated devices. Contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed an increase in surface roughness resulting in the decrease of contact angle. Surface composition and morphology of the films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and AFM. It was found that the plasma treatment modified the surfaces both in chemical composition and morphology. Change of chemical composition made the polymer surfaces to be highly hydrophilic, which mainly depends on the increase in oxygen-containing groups. And the results of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) proved that appropriate content of oxygen in mixture gas can create the greatest number of active species to form O*-C causes groups on surface which can easily form C-O-metal bonds, lead to improve adhesion properties.

Adsorption of H2S and SO2 on Activated Carbon Fibers Modified by Ammonium Nitrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1065-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Song He ◽  
Cun Ping Liu ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Xiu Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Measurement ◽  
Measurement Surface ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Surface Modified

The enhancement effect of using PAN-based carbon fibers surface modified by ammonium nitrate for removing SO2 and H2S in moist air at room temperature was characterized and investigated. The pore structure of the samples so prepared was examined by adsorption measurement. Surface groups introduced by treatment with ammonium nitrate was assessed by xray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the amount of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide adsorbed with the treated carbon fibers are increased by 112% and 93% and ammonium nitrate treatment improved original carbon fibers adsorption performance, not only by introducing nitrogen surface groups, but also by extending the surface area.

Control, Effection and Analysis of Voltage during Dielectric Barrier Discharges Plasma Surface Treated Carbon Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Huan Xia Zhang ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Dielectric Barrier Discharges ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Barrier Discharges

The deposition of coatings on the surface of carbon fiber will be helpful to their applications. However, they are unsuitable to be deposited due to their low surface free energies, poor wettability and poor adhesions. The objective of this work is to modify carbon fibers by Dielectric barrier discharges(DBD)in ambient argon . The chemical and physical changes induced by the treatments on carbon fibers surface are examined using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interfacial adhesion of CF/EP composites are analyzed by a single fiber composite (SFC) for filament fragmentation test. The contact angles of the plasma-treated samples are visibly reduced than the untreated samples. XPS results reveal that the carbon fibers modified with the DBD at an atmospheric pressure show a significant increase in oxygen-containing groups, such as C–O,C=O and O–C=O. The results of SFC tests show that the treated carbon fibers composites could possess excellent interfacial properties with mixed resins. These results demonstrate that the surfaces of the carbon fibers samples are more active, hydrophilic and rough after plasma treatments using a DBD operating in ambient argon.

Synthesis and Characterization of Siof Thin Films Deposited by Ecrcvd for Ulsi Multilevel Interconnections

1996 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoghyeong Lee ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Fluorine Concentration ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Ecr Plasma ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio

AbstractLow dielectric constant fluorine doped silicon oxide films were deposited by using ECR plasma CVD with SiF4 and O2 as source gases diluted in Ar gas. Characterization of films was carried out in terms of various gas flow ratios (SiF4/O2 = 0.2 ∼ 1.6). The microwave power and substrate temperature during deposition were fixed at 700W and 300°C, respectively. The chemical bonding structure of the films was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorine concentration by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and refractive index by ellipsometry. Dielectric constant was determined from C-V measurements at 1MHz. FTIR spectra shows that as the fluorine concentration increases, peak intensities of Si-F bonding and shoulder peak at around 1160cm−1 of Si-O stretching mode increased. Moreover, with increasing the fluorine concentration in the SiOF film, the peak position of Si-O stretching mode shifts to the higher wavenumber side. The Si-F2 bond peak is observed to rise when the SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio is larger than 1.0. Refractive index and film density decreased with increasing the SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio. The SiOF film deposited at SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio of 1.0 exhibited fluorine content of 11.8 at.% and dielectric constant of 3.14.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of the tarnishing of bornite

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Buckley ◽  
R Woods
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrated Iron Oxide ◽  
A Minor

Changes in the surface composition of natural bornite after prolonged exposure to the atmosphere have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Freshly cleaved surfaces oxidize rapidly, producing a hydrated iron oxide and a copper sulfide; as tarnishing proceeds, the iron oxide segregates to the surface forming an over-layer of uneven thickness on the copper sulfide. The tarnish is usually close to its limiting thickness after about two days and its thickness and composition are such that a purple colour is produced. Although surfaces often maintain this appearance for at least a year, blue patches may develop after between one and two days of exposure. Blue surfaces have also been observed when the mineral is cleaved along an existing interface. Copper(II) has been found to be present at all blue surfaces investigated. Silver, which exists as a minor element in the mineral, becomes concentrated in the tarnish layer where it is present in the copper sulfide component.

Influence of Excilamp Treatment on Characteristics of Carbon Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Jin Yuan ◽  
Ke Lu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Polar Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy ◽  
Wetting Rate

To activate the surface of carbon fiber for better reinforced composites, the Xe2* excilamp was applied. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of Xe2* excilamp-treated carbon fibers was rougher than that of the control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the Excilamp-treated fibers possessed more polar functional groups than the control fibers. After 2 min of irradiation, the wetting rate of treated carbon fibers in epoxy resin in balance increased by about 150% compared with the control, and the short-beam strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composites increased 6.6%.

Cu (II) coordination modification of aramid fiber and effect on interfacial adhesion of composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1054-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Zengxiao Wang ◽  
Junrong Yu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Matrix

In this article, active groups were introduced to the surface of aramid fiber by building a Cu2+ bridge between the aramid fiber and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to improve adhesion in composites between the aramid fiber and the matrix such as epoxy resin. The changes in the structure and properties of the aramid fiber were verified with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the single-fiber pull-out test. The FTIR and XPS results show a significant change in the structure and morphology of the aramid fiber after modification. The results of the single-fiber pull-out test show that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of epoxy composites reinforced with PEI-grafted aramid fiber increases by 48.8% compared with the IFSS of epoxy composites reinforced with untreated fiber. Thus, the proposed method can improve the interfacial bonding of composites by creating a copper ion bridge between the aramid fiber and PEI.

Improved Mechanical Strengths of Epoxy Composites Obtained from Ion Beam Treated Carbon Fibers

1993 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Shong Lin ◽  
Pearl W. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Nitrogen Ion ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
Surface Modified

ABSTRACTCarbon fibers derived from various sources are surface modified by oxygen and nitrogen ion beams generated from a low voltage ion source. The surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the ion treatment produces large abundances of various surface functional groups which are dependent on impinging ion energies and irradiation times. In the oxygen beam, the hydroxyl moiety is a dominant surface functionality, but in the nitrogen beam, various moieties containing oxygen and nitrogen are observed. The transverse tensile stresses of the epoxy composites made from the ion treated fibers are found to increase two to four times. The ion beam process yields the highest adhesive strength among all surface treatment methods.

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