scholarly journals PEDOT:PSS Morphostructure and Ion-To-Electron Transduction and Amplification Mechanisms in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale D’Angelo ◽  
Giuseppe Tarabella ◽  
Agostino Romeo ◽  
Simone Marasso ◽  
Alessio Verna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Polystyrene Sulfonate ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Film Microstructure ◽  
Conformational Rearrangements ◽  
Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent a powerful and versatile type of organic-based device, widely used in biosensing and bioelectronics due to potential advantages in terms of cost, sensitivity, and system integration. The benchmark organic semiconductor they are based on is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), the electrical properties of which are reported to be strongly dependent on film morphology and structure. In particular, the literature demonstrates that film processing induces morphostructural changes in terms of conformational rearrangements in the PEDOT:PSS in-plane phase segregation and out-of-plane vertical separation between adjacent PEDOT-rich domains. Here, taking into account these indications, we show the thickness-dependent operation of OECTs, contextualizing it in terms of the role played by PEDOT:PSS film thickness in promoting film microstructure tuning upon controlled-atmosphere long-lasting thermal annealing (LTA). To do this, we compared the LTA-OECT response to that of OECTs with comparable channel thicknesses that were exposed to a rapid thermal annealing (RTA). We show that the LTA process on thicker films provided OECTs with an enhanced amplification capability. Conversely, on lower thicknesses, the LTA process induced a higher charge carrier modulation when the device was operated in sensing mode. The provided experimental characterization also shows how to optimize the OECT response by combining the control of the microstructure via solution processing and the effect of postdeposition processing.

Kinetics of Block Copolymer Phase Segregation during Sub-millisecond Transient Thermal Annealing

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 6462-6470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Jacobs ◽  
Clemens Liedel ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Linxi Wang ◽  
Detlef-M. Smilgies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Frequency Modulated Magnetometer Using a Double-Ended Tuning Fork Resonator

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurico Esteves Moreira ◽  
João Gaspar ◽  
Luis Alexandre Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Input Current ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Sensor Configuration

A Lorentz force MEMS magnetometer based on a double-ended tuning fork (DETF) for out-of-plane sensing is presented here. A novel configuration using a hexagonal-shaped Lorentz force transducer is used, which simplifies the sensor configuration and improves its sensitivity. Frequency modulated devices were fabricated in an in-house process on silicon on insulator wafers (SOI) and then tested in vacuum. The final devices have a differential configuration and experimental characterization shows a sensitivity of 4.59 Hz/mT for a total input current (on the Lorentz bar) of 1.5 mA.

Real-Time Investigation of Crystallization and Phase-Segregation Dynamics in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells During Thermal Annealing

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano Agostinelli ◽  
Samuele Lilliu ◽  
John G. Labram ◽  
Mariano Campoy-Quiles ◽  
Mark Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Phase Segregation

scholarly journals Self-template–assisted micro-phase segregation in blended liquid-crystalline block copolymers films toward three-dimensional structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21070-21078
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hibi ◽  
Yuki Oguchi ◽  
Yuta Shimizu ◽  
Kayoko Hashimoto ◽  
Katsuya Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Material Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fundamental Research

In-plane mesopatterns derived from block-copolymer (BCP) micro-phase segregation in thin films have attracted much interest in practical applications as well as fundamental research programs. However, phase segregation along the film-normal direction has been less studied. Here, we describe a strategy to concurrently, yet independently, control in-plane micro-phase and out-of-plane macro-phase segregation in multiblended films composed of liquid-crystalline BCPs (LCBCPs), affording spontaneously layered three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures. This strategy relies on sequential liquid crystallization during the cooling process in thermal annealing as follows. The constituent LCBCP with the highest isotropic-transition temperature (Tiso) first liquid-crystallizes and segregates from the other LCBCP mixture remaining in isotropic states to form a noncontaminated layer at the top surface. This preformed LCBCP layer preserves its inherent in-plane pattern and acts as a template guiding the subsequent micro-phase segregations of the other low-TisoLCBCPs underneath. This self-template–assisted micro-phase segregation (STAMPS) readily provides 3D mesostructures, the potential toward rational material design of which is also demonstrated in water-separation applications.

scholarly journals Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane performance of regular stone masonry walls, including test setups and axial load influence

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2667-2692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Miguel Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre A. Costa ◽  
António Arêde ◽  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Aníbal Costa
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Out Of Plane

Understanding of PS-b-PMMA phase segregation under laser-induced millisecond thermal annealing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Jacobs ◽  
Clemens Liedel ◽  
Christopher K. Ober ◽  
Michael O. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Phase Segregation

Experimental characterization of the out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infill walls made of lightweight concrete blocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 112755
Author(s):  
Marta Agante ◽  
André Furtado ◽  
Hugo Rodrigues ◽  
António Arêde ◽  
Paulo Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Masonry Infill Walls ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Concrete Blocks

Microstructure and secondary phase segregation correlation in epitaxial/oriented ZnO films with unfavorable Cr dopant

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Saraf ◽  
Z.H. Zhu ◽  
C.M. Wang ◽  
M.H. Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Carbon Solubility ◽  
Boundary Density ◽  
Film Microstructure

Low solubility dopant-host systems are well suited to study secondary phase segregation-microstructure dependence. We discuss the effect of microstructure on secondary phase segregation in epitaxial/oriented ZnO thin films with Cr as an unfavorable dopant (Cr:ZnO). Since differences in thin film microstructure are a function of the substrate and its orientation, simultaneous chemical vapor depositions were carried out on single crystals of Si (100), c-axis oriented Al2O3 (c-ALO), and r-axis oriented Al2O3 (r-ALO) resulting in epitaxial film growth on r-ALO and c-axis oriented film growth on Si and c-ALO, with a difference in vertical grain boundary density. To enhance the analysis sensitivity to the microstructure difference, the thickness of Cr:ZnO films was maintained at ∼50 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis indicates uniform stress distribution in Cr:ZnO grown on r-ALO. Surface sensitive x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) techniques were utilized for analysis of the data. We observe that a higher grain boundary density and the presence of an amorphous layer at the interface for films grown on Si(100) single crystal led to interfacial Cr-based secondary phase segregation as opposed to lower grain boundary density and epitaxial films grown on c-ALO and r-ALO single crystals, respectively. We also discuss the effects of trace carbon solubility on the film microstructure/secondary phase segregation relationship.

Articulated MEMS Robot for Microfactory Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Murthy ◽  
Dan O. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Flexure Joints

A MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) based four degree of freedom articulated microrobot is presented as an example of next generation miniaturized top down manipulators. The robot occupies 6mm3 in total volume with room for further down scaling. The operating work volume is 50μm × 50μm × 75μm with a 2P2R (Prismatic Prismatic Revolute Revolute) kinematic configuration — X, Y, Pitch and Yaw. The presented microrobot design rises above commonly encountered performance tradeoff’s of previous MEMS positioners such as range of motion vs. exerted force and range of motion vs. precision. It is constructed using a combination of hybrid microassembly and high aspect ratio micromachining. Structurally, the first version of the microrobot consists of Silicon 2 1/2 D parts and a 30μm diameter Cu wire. The robot joints and attachment of the end effector are accomplished by microassembly using compliant snap-fasteners, monolithic flexure joints, and epoxy glue. Actuation is carried out by two banks of in-plane electrothermal actuators, one coupled through an out of plane compliant socket, and the other one coupled remotely using a 30 μm diameter Cu wire. In this paper we present the microrobot kinematic design, and experimental identification of the robot Jacobian. Preliminary experimental characterization of the microrobot shows that it is repeatable to less than 0.5 μm along XY axes and 0.015 degrees along Pitch and Yaw DOFs. Finally, the robot was configured to carry an AFM tip and we demonstrate nano indentation sequences on a Parylene substrate.

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