scholarly journals Optimization of the Emissions Profile of a Marine Propulsion System Using a Shaft Generator with Optimum Tracking-Based Control Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Perez ◽  
Carlos A. Reusser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Nowadays, marine propulsion systems based on thermal machines that operate under the diesel cycle have positioned themselves as one of the main options for this type of applications. The main comparative advantages of diesel engines, compared to other propulsion systems based on thermal cycle engines, are the low specific fuel consumption of residual fuels, and their higher thermal efficiency. However, its main disadvantage lies in the emissions produced by the combustion of the residual fuels, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxide (SOx), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). These emissions are directly related to the operating conditions of the propulsion system. Over the last decade, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a series of regulations to reduce CO2 emissions based on the introduction of an Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and an Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). In this context, adding a Shaft Generator (SG) to the propulsion system favoring lower EEDI and EEOI values. The present work proposes a selective control system and optimization scheme that allows operating the shaft generator in Power Take Off (PTO) or Power Take In (PTI) mode, ensuring that the main engine operates, always, at the optimum fuel efficiency point, thus ensuring minimum CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ernest Czermański ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Theo Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

scholarly journals Determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emission based on road tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Łukasz RYMANIAK
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
In Series ◽  
Series Configuration ◽  
Ci Engine

The article discusses the possibility of determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emissions. These are called toxicity indicators because they concern the compounds: CO, THC and NOx. Three Euro V compliant vehicles with different propulsion systems types were used for the study: a 0.9 dm3 urban passenger car with a SI engine and a start-stop system, a 2.5 dm3 off-road vehicle with a CI engine, and a city bus with a hybrid drive system in series configuration and a CI engine with a displacement of 6.7 dm3. Measurements were made in actual operating conditions in the Poznan agglomeration using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The paper presents the characteristics of the operating time shares of vehicles and propulsion systems as well as CO2 emissions depending on the engine load and crankshaft rotational speed for individual vehicles. The determined toxicity indicators allowed to indicate their usefulness, to make comparisons between tested vehicles, and to identify directions for further work on the application and interpretation of these indicators.

Inlet Duct-Engine Exhaust Nozzle Airflow Matching for the Supersonic Transport

1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (690) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
J. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Jet Nozzle ◽  
Secondary Air

Propulsion systems selected for commercial transports must provide efficient and reliable performance over a broad range of conditions. These aeroplanes are used over both short and long route segments, on non-standard days, and at a range of altitudes to meet air-line schedule requirements. This paper covers some of the design parameters that were considered in the integration of the induction system, secondary air system, jet nozzle and the basic turbojet gas generator for the SST. During recent years some of the most important gains in propulsion efficiency have resulted from the development of inlets, engines and exhaust nozzles which are matched over a broad range of operating conditions. An efficient propulsion system for a supersonic transport depends upon very close matching of these components. This, of course, requires a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each of these major components. For the supersonic transport, 50% or more of the gross weight will be comprised of propulsion system and fuel and less than 10% will be payload.

scholarly journals Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren ◽  
Ding ◽  
Sui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Matching Theory ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With the increasingly strict international GHG (greenhouse gas) emission regulations, higher requirements are placed on the propulsion system design of conventional ships. Playing an important role in ship design, construction and operation, ship–engine–propeller matching dominantly covers the CO2 emission of the entire ship. In this paper, firstly, a ship propulsion system matching platform based on the ship–engine–propeller matching principle and its application on WinGD 5 × 52 marine diesel engine have been investigated. Meeting the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) regulation used to calculate the ship CO2 emission is essential and ship–engine–propeller matching has to be carried out with EEDI into consideration. Consequently, a procedure is developed combining the system matching theory and EEDI calculation, which can provide the matching results as well as the corresponding EEDI value to study the relationship between EEDI and ship–engine–propeller matching. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the relationship of EEDI and system matching parameters, such as ship speed, effective power and propeller diameter, reflecting the trend and extent of EEDI when changing these three parameters. The results of system matching parameters satisfying different EEDI phases indicate the initial value selection in matching process to provide reference for the design of ship, engine and propeller under the EEDI regulations.

scholarly journals Электрохимические источники энергии для судовых комбинированных гребных электрических установок

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
А.Ф. Бурков ◽  
В.В. Миханошин ◽  
В.Х. Нгуен
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Power Installations

At the present stage of development of marine propulsion systems for coastal navigation vessels, it seems appropriate to use combined power installations with various scientific and technical solutions. The primary sources of such installations, along with electromechanical converters, include electrochemical static energy sources – batteries. The specific operating conditions of such sources in ship conditions limit their list for combined installations. The article discusses the varieties of static energy sources, their advantages and disadvantages, which allow us to conclude that it is economically feasible to use them in combined electric power installations.

Integrated System Design and Control Optimization of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System Using a Bi-Level, Nested Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Huachao Dong ◽  
Zuomin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Electric Propulsion System ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Hybrid Electric Powertrain

Abstract Hybrid electric powertrain systems present as effective alternatives to traditional vehicle and marine propulsion means with improved fuel efficiency, as well as reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. In this study, a new integrated, model-based design and optimization method for hybrid electric propulsion system of a marine vessel (harbor tugboat) has been introduced. The sizes of key hybrid powertrain components, especially the Li-ion battery energy storage system (ESS), which can greatly affect the ship’s life-cycle cost (LCC), have been optimized using the fuel efficiency, emission and lifecycle cost model of the hybrid powertrain system. Moreover, the control strategies for the hybrid system, which is essential for achieving the minimum fuel consumption and extending battery life, are optimized. For a given powertrain architecture, the optimal design of a hybrid marine propulsion system involves two critical aspects: the optimal sizing of key powertrain components, and the optimal power control and energy management. In this work, a bi-level, nested optimization framework was proposed to address these two intricate problems jointly. The upper level optimization aims at component size optimization, while the lower level optimization carries out optimal operation control through dynamic programming (DP) to achieve the globally minimum fuel consumption and battery degradation for a given vessel load profile. The optimized Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS), Kriging and the widely used Expected Improvement (EI) online sampling criterion are used to carry out “small data” driven global optimization to solve this nested optimization problem. The obtained results showed significant reduction of the vessel LCC with the optimized hybrid electric powertrain system design and controls. Reduced engine size and operation time, as well as improved operation efficiency of the hybrid system also greatly decreased the GHG emissions compared to traditional mechanical propulsion.

scholarly journals Proposed Inland Oil Tanker Design in Bangladesh Focusing CO2 Emission Reduction Based on Revised EEDI Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
S. M. Rashidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Mashud Karim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oil Tankers

Though inland ships account for a small portion of the total global CO2 emissions from shipping, from the individual country’s economic and environmental perspective, this is very important. To reduce CO2 emissions from sea-going ships by increasing energy efficiency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a generalized Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) in 2011. However, due to the variation in environmental, geographic and economic conditions, a generalized EEDI cannot be established in a similar fashion to that established by IMO. Shallow and restricted water effects, different fuel qualities (to reduce operational cost), increase in engine power requirements, reduction in carrying capacity, cargo availability, etc. make the EEDI by IMO inadequate for inland waterways. Therefore, an EEDI formulation based on revised parameters has been proposed for the inland ships in Bangladesh. This paper focuses on the possibility of CO2 emissions reduction from inland oil tankers in Bangladesh by implementing the revised EEDI formulation (henceforth denoted as EEDIINLAND). A sensitivity analysis was performed for the different ship design parameters of those oil tankers. Based on the analysis, suggestions were made on how to design inland oil tankers in Bangladesh using the revised EEDI formulation for reducing CO2 from the current level without any major cost involvement. Keeping the same speed and capacity, the vessels were redesigned based on those suggestions. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of those redesigned vessels using ‘Shipflow’ showed a reduction in CO2 emissions through increasing EEDIINLAND by 7.54–13.65%.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of EEDI Versus Lifetime CO2 Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta L. Trivyza ◽  
Athanasios Rentizelas ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced as a regulatory tool employed at the ship design phase to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase the vessel’s operational efficiency. Although it stimulated the greening of the shipping operations, its effectiveness is considerably criticised from various shipping industry stakeholders. The aim of this study is to investigate the EEDI effectiveness on accurately representing the environmental performance of the next-generation ships power plants for two representative ship types, in specific, an ocean-going tanker and a cruise ship. The performance of the optimal power plant solutions identified in previous studies is analysed according to the existing EEDI regulatory framework and compared with the lifetime CO2 emissions estimated based on an actual operating profile for each ship. The results indicate that the EEDI underestimates the effect of technologies for reducing carbon emissions in all the investigated cases. In this respect, it is concluded that EEDI is classified as a conservative metric, which however can be used as an approximation to compare alternative solutions early in the design phase.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effects of CO2 emissions sourced by commercial marine fleet by using energy efficiency design index

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Kadir Mersin ◽  
Irsad Bayirhan ◽  
Cem Gazioglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Slow Steaming ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

Environmentally friendly compared to other modes of transport, is still responsi?ble for 1 billionns of CO2 emissions per year and 2.7% of total global emissions, although it has the lowest CO2 emissions per mile. In order to keep the world?s sur?face temperature below the critical +2 ?C, International Maritime Organization works with alternative methods especially in the energy efficiency design index, to increase the productivity depending on the type and operation of the ship to reduce current CO2 emissions each tonne per mile basis. More energy-efficient vessels are necessary due to the increasing volume of maritime trade in parallel to meet the growing energy demands and reduce total CO2 emissions. Measures to reduce CO2 emissions also increase efficiency and fuel-savings. The most significant parameter of fuel economy is the speed of the ship. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the ecological speed limits of vessels in terms of minimum commercial profitability by a gradual reduction in operating speeds. Consequently a solution methodology for the effects of slow steaming to the global environment is presented as a CO2 emission reduction activity under the systematic analysis of human thought.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document