scholarly journals Development of Phosphatized Calcium Carbonate Biominerals as Bioactive Bone Graft Substitute Materials, Part II: Functionalization with Antibacterial Silver Ions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Sethmann ◽  
Sabrina Völkel ◽  
Felicitas Pfeifer ◽  
Hans-Joachim Kleebe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coral Skeletons ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Substitute Materials

Porous calcium phosphate (CaP) materials as bone graft substitutes can be prepared from Ca carbonate biomineral structures by hydrothermal conversion into pseudomorphic CaP scaffolds. The present study aims at furnishing such phosphatized Ca carbonate biomineral (PCCB) materials with antibacterial Ag ions in order to avoid perisurgical wound infections. Prior to this study, PCCB materials with Mg and/or Sr ions incorporated for stimulating bone formation were prepared from coral skeletons and sea urchin spines as starting materials. The porous PCCB materials were treated with aqueous solutions of Ag nitrate with concentrations of 10 or 100 mmol/L, resulting in the formation of Ag phosphate nanoparticles on the sample surfaces through a replacement reaction. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In contact with Ringer`s solution, the Ag phosphate nanoparticles dissolved and released Ag ions with concentrations up to 0.51 mg/L, as shown by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analyses. In tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus on agar plates, antibacterial properties were similar for both types of Ag-modified PCCB materials. Concerning the antibacterial performance, the treatment with AgNO3 solutions with 10 mmol/L was almost as effective as with 100 mmol/L.

A Review of Bone Graft Substitutes Made From HA-Polymer Composite Scaffolds and Fabrication Potential With Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Wu ◽  
Shuting Lei
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
High Level

Hydroxyapatite, a bioactive ceramic, has been combined with biodegradable polymers to create composite three-dimensional interconnected porous scaffolds for bone graft substitutes. The materials and fabrication methods of these composite scaffolds are reviewed. The resulting mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds produced from the combination of certain materials and fabrication methods are analyzed. Requirements for a bone graft substitute and third generation scaffolds with the addition of osteoinductive and osteogenic features to composite scaffolds including biomolecule delivery and cell seeding are also introduced. Finally, the benefits of using additive manufacturing technologies to enable high level of control over the design of interconnected pore structure are discussed.

Pretreated Lignocellulosic Waste Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Under Room Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1660001 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Manjamadha ◽  
Karuppan Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antibacterial Performance

The current work elucidates the utilization of biowaste as a valuable reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. In this study, the wastewater generated during the alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes (APLW) was used as a bioreductant to reduce silver nitrate under room temperature. Synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved rapidly on addition of APLW into the silver nitrate solution (1[Formula: see text]mM). The morphological characterization of AgNPs was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The micrograph clearly depicted the presence of spherical AgNPs. The presence of elemental silver along with biomoilties was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study proved the crystalline form of stable AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Gram negative organism. The immediate bioreduction of silver ions using APLW was well illustrated in the present study. Thus, APLW serve as an alternative source for reducing agents instead of utilizing valuable medicinal plants for nanoparticles synthesis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Gentamicin or Vancomycin Containing Bone Graft Substitute in the Prevention of Orthopedic Implant-Related Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9250
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bidossi ◽  
Marta Bottagisio ◽  
Nicola Logoluso ◽  
Elena De Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Biofilm Development

Antibiotic-loaded bone graft substitutes are attractive clinical options and have been used for years either for prophylaxis or therapy for periprosthetic and fracture-related infections. Calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite can be combined in an injectable and moldable bone graft substitute that provides dead space management with local release of high concentrations of antibiotics in a one-stage approach. With the aim to test preventive strategies against bone infections, a commercial hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate bone graft substitute containing either gentamicin or vancomycin was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, harboring different resistance determinants. The prevention of bacterial colonization and biofilm development by selected microorganisms was investigated along with the capability of the eluted antibiotics to select for antibiotic resistance. The addition of antibiotics drastically affected the ability of the selected strains to adhere to the tested compound. Furthermore, both the antibiotics eluted by the bone graft substitutes were able to negatively impair the biofilm maturation of all the staphylococcal strains. As expected, P. aeruginosa was significantly affected only by the gentamicin containing bone graft substitutes. Finally, the prolonged exposure to antibiotic-containing sulfate/hydroxyapatite discs did not lead to any stable or transient adaptations in either of the tested bacterial strains. No signs of the development of antibiotic resistance were found, which confirms the safety of this strategy for the prevention of infection in orthopedic surgery.

Surface characterization of bone graft substitute materials conditioned in cell culture medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mladenovic ◽  
A. Sahlin-Platt ◽  
Å. Bengtsson ◽  
M. Ransjö ◽  
A. Shchukarev
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Cell Culture Medium ◽  
Substitute Materials

scholarly journals Development of Phosphatized Calcium Carbonate Biominerals as Bioactive Bone Graft Substitute Materials, Part I: Incorporation of Magnesium and Strontium Ions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Sethmann ◽  
Cornelia Luft ◽  
Hans-Joachim Kleebe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Mineral Replacement ◽  
Ca Carbonate

Synthetic materials based on calcium phosphate (CaP) are frequently used as bone graft substitutes when natural bone grafts are not available or not suitable. Chemical similarity to bone guarantees the biocompatibility of synthetic CaP materials, whereas macroporosity enables their integration into the natural bone tissue. To restore optimum mechanical performance after the grafting procedure, gradual resorption of CaP implants and simultaneous replacement by natural bone is desirable. Mg and Sr ions released from implants support osteointegration by stimulating bone formation. Furthermore, Sr ions counteract osteoporotic bone loss and reduce the probability of related fractures. The present study aimed at developing porous Ca carbonate biominerals into novel CaP-based, bioactive bone implant materials. Macroporous Ca carbonate biominerals, specifically skeletons of corals (aragonite) and sea urchins (Mg-substituted calcite), were hydrothermally converted into pseudomorphic CaP materials with their natural porosity preserved. Sr ions were introduced to the mineral replacement reactions by temporarily stabilizing them in the hydrothermal phosphate solutions as Sr-EDTA complexes. In this reaction system, Na, Mg, and Sr ions favored the formation of correspondingly substituted β-tricalcium phosphate over hydroxyapatite. Upon dissolution, the incorporated functional ions became released, endowing these CaP materials with bioactive and potentially osteoporotic properties.

scholarly journals A Bone Sample Containing a Bone Graft Substitute Analyzed by Correlating Density Information Obtained by X-ray Micro Tomography with Compositional Information Obtained by Raman Microscopy

Materials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3831-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Charwat-Pessler ◽  
Maurizio Musso ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Karl Entacher ◽  
Bernhard Plank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Information ◽  
Micro Tomography

scholarly journals Synthetic and Marine-Derived Porous Bone Graft Substitutes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Neto ◽  
José Maria Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes

Bone is a dynamic tissue with the capacity of repair and regeneration in specific conditions. Nevertheless, due to the increased incidence of bone disorders, the need of bone grafts has been growing over the past decades and the development of an ideal bone graft with optimal properties remains a clinical challenge. This review addresses the bone properties (morphology, composition and their repair and regeneration capacity) and puts the main focus on the potential strategies for developing bone repair and regeneration materials. It describes the requirements for designing a suitable scaffold material, types of materials (polymers, ceramics and composites) and techniques to obtain the porous structures (additive manufacturing techniques/robocasting or derived from marine skeletons) for bone tissue engineering applications. The main objective of this review is to gather the knowledge on the materials and methods for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and highlighting the potential of natural porous structures such as marine skeletons as promising alternative bone graft substitute materials without any further mineralogical changes, or after partial or total transformation into calcium phosphate. The suitability of the marine-derived porous bone graft substitutes for the intended applications will be also discussed.

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