scholarly journals A Bone Sample Containing a Bone Graft Substitute Analyzed by Correlating Density Information Obtained by X-ray Micro Tomography with Compositional Information Obtained by Raman Microscopy

Materials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3831-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Charwat-Pessler ◽  
Maurizio Musso ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Karl Entacher ◽  
Bernhard Plank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Information ◽  
Micro Tomography

Research of Preparation and Properties of CaSO4/HAw Bone Graft Substitute

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Yan ◽  
Si Yu Wu ◽  
Min Fang ◽  
Qing Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Hydroxyl Apatite ◽  
Controllable Degradation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium sulfate/hydroxyl apatite whiskers composite is possible to be used as bone graft substitute, for its biocompatibility, controllable degradation, and suitable mechanical properties. In this study, calcium sulfate/hydroxyl apatite whisker composites were fabricated and characterized. The characteristics of the composites were assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and immersing testing techniques. The composites prepared in this article have been confirmed to be ideally used as biodegradable implants.

scholarly journals Development of Phosphatized Calcium Carbonate Biominerals as Bioactive Bone Graft Substitute Materials, Part II: Functionalization with Antibacterial Silver Ions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Sethmann ◽  
Sabrina Völkel ◽  
Felicitas Pfeifer ◽  
Hans-Joachim Kleebe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coral Skeletons ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Substitute Materials

Porous calcium phosphate (CaP) materials as bone graft substitutes can be prepared from Ca carbonate biomineral structures by hydrothermal conversion into pseudomorphic CaP scaffolds. The present study aims at furnishing such phosphatized Ca carbonate biomineral (PCCB) materials with antibacterial Ag ions in order to avoid perisurgical wound infections. Prior to this study, PCCB materials with Mg and/or Sr ions incorporated for stimulating bone formation were prepared from coral skeletons and sea urchin spines as starting materials. The porous PCCB materials were treated with aqueous solutions of Ag nitrate with concentrations of 10 or 100 mmol/L, resulting in the formation of Ag phosphate nanoparticles on the sample surfaces through a replacement reaction. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In contact with Ringer`s solution, the Ag phosphate nanoparticles dissolved and released Ag ions with concentrations up to 0.51 mg/L, as shown by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analyses. In tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus on agar plates, antibacterial properties were similar for both types of Ag-modified PCCB materials. Concerning the antibacterial performance, the treatment with AgNO3 solutions with 10 mmol/L was almost as effective as with 100 mmol/L.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Corals from Bidong Island, Terengganu, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Annuar Ahmad Zubir ◽  
Yusri Yusof ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Coral and converted coralline hydroxyapatites have been widely used in biomedical application as orbital implant and bone graft substitute. The aim of this study was to characterize the physical and chemical properties of various corals found in Bidong Island and determines their potential for development of bone graft substitute. Five species of coral which is commonly found in Bidong Island, Terengganu was collected and identified. The physical properties of corals such as density and porosity were determined using the Archimedes Principle, whereas a mechanical strength was determined using a universal testing machine. The structure of corals such as pore sizes and shape, distribution and pore connectivity was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical properties of corals were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Five species of coral were identified as Leptoria, Porites, Platygyra, Acropora and Pocillopora. The densities of corals range from 2.00 to 19.00 g/cm3 while the porosity range from 15 to 60%. The corals structure consists of interconnected open pores with mean pore sizes in range of 100 to 600μm. Their compressive strengths are in the range of 4.92 to 27 MPa, which is higher than the reported strength for cancellous bone. SEM-EDX analysis shows the elements calcium carbonate (C, O and Ca) found in Platygyra. This result was supported by XRD analysis, which shows the calcium carbonate phase in form of aragonite presence in Platygyra. Aragonite phase was suitable for transforming coral to hydroxyapatite via hydrothermal treatment. Based on this finding, coral species in Bidong Island, Terengganu has been great potential to be used as bone graft substitutes.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

scholarly journals Development and physicochemical characterization of novel porous phosphate glass bone graft substitute and in vitro comparison with xenograft

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niketa Chauhan ◽  
Nilay Lakhkar ◽  
Amol Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Porous Phosphate

AbstractThe process of bone regeneration in bone grafting procedures is greatly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the bone graft substitute. In this study, porous phosphate glass (PPG) morsels were developed and their physicochemical properties such as degradation, crystallinity, organic content, surface topography, particle size and porosity were evaluated using various analytical methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the PPG morsels was assessed and the interaction of the PPG morsels with Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) was studied by measuring cell proliferation and cell penetration depth. The cell-material interactions between PPG morsels and a commercially available xenograft (XG) were compared. The PPG morsels were observed to be amorphous, biocompatible and highly porous (porosity = 58.45%). From in vitro experiments, PPG morsels were observed to be non-cytotoxic and showed better cell proliferation. The internal surface of PPG was easily accessible to the cells compared to XG.

scholarly journals 405 Radiological Analysis of Gentamicin Eluting Synthetic Bone Graft Substitute Used in The Management of Gustilo IIIB Open Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aljawadi ◽  
I Madhi ◽  
T Naylor ◽  
M Elmajee ◽  
A Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Synthetic Bone Graft

Abstract Background Management of traumatic bone void associated with Gustilo IIIB open fractures is challenging. Gentamicin eluting synthetic bone graft substitute (Cerament-G) had been recently utilised for the management of patients with these injuries. This study aims to assess radiological signs of Cerament-G remodelling. Method Retrospective data analysis of all patients admitted to our unit with IIIB open fractures who had Cerament-G applied as avoid filler. Postoperative radiographic images of the fracture site at 6-weeks, 3-months, 6-months and at the last follow-up were reviewed. The radiological signs of Cerament-G integration, percent of void healing, and bone cortical thickness at the final follow-up were assessed. Results 34 patients met our inclusion criteria, mean age: 42 years. Mean follow-up time was 20 months. 59% of patients had excellent (>90%) void filling, 26.4% of patients had 50-90% void filling, and 14.6% had < 50% void filling. Normal bone cortical thickness was restored on AP and Lateral views in 55.8% of patients. No residual Cerement-G was seen on X-rays at the final follow-up in any of the patients. Conclusions Our results showed successful integration of Cerament-G with excellent void filling and normal cortical thickness achieved in more than half of the patients.

scholarly journals Freeze–Thaw Resistance and Air-Void Analysis of Concrete with Recycled Glass–Pozzolan Using X-ray Micro-Tomography

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Marija Krstic ◽  
Julio F. Davalos ◽  
Emanuele Rossi ◽  
Stefan C. Figueiredo ◽  
Oguzhan Copuroglu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Void System ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Air Void

Recent studies have shown promising potential for using Glass Pozzolan (GP) as an alternative supplementary cementitious material (SCM) due to the scarcity of fly ash and slag in the United States. However, comprehensive studies on the freeze–thaw (FT) resistance and air void system of mixtures containing GP are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate GP’s effect on FT resistance and characterize mixtures with different GP contents, both macro- and microscopically. In this study, six concrete mixes were considered: Three mixes with 20%, 30% and 40% GP as cement replacements and two other comparable mixes with 30% fly ash and 40% slag, as well as a mix with 100% Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a reference. Concrete samples were prepared, cured and tested according to the ASTM standards for accelerated FT resistance for 1000 cycles and corresponding dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed). All the samples showed minimal deterioration and scaling and high F/T resistance with a durability factor of over 90%. The relationships among FT resistance parameters, air-pressured method measurements of fresh concretes and air void analysis parameters of hardened concretes were examined in this study. X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT scan) was used to evaluate micro-cracks development after 1000 freeze–thaw cycles and to determine spatial parameters of air voids in the concretes. Pore structure properties obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and N2 adsorption method showed refined pore structure for higher cement replacement with GP, indicating more gel formation (C-S-H) which was verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

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