scholarly journals Biocompatible Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disorder Therapies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Calzoni ◽  
Alessio Cesaretti ◽  
Alice Polchi ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele ◽  
Brunella Tancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications ◽  
Experimental Strategies

Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) represent one of the most innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications. NPs main objective is to convey the therapeutic molecule be they drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids directly into the target organ or tissue. Many polymers are used for the synthesis of NPs and among the currently most employed materials several biocompatible synthetic polymers, namely polylactic acid (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), can be cited. These molecules are made of simple monomers which are naturally present in the body and therefore easily excreted without being toxic. The present review addresses the different approaches that are most commonly adopted to synthetize biocompatible NPs to date, as well as the experimental strategies designed to load them with therapeutic agents. In fact, drugs may be internalized in the NPs or physically dispersed therein. In this paper the various types of biodegradable polymer NPs will be discussed with emphasis on their applications in drug delivery. Close attention will be devoted to the treatment of cancer, where both active and passive targeting is used to enhance efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity, and to diseases affecting the central nervous system, inasmuch as NPs can be modified to target specific cells or cross membrane barriers.

Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 5755-5771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Tonda-Turo ◽  
Nicola Origlia ◽  
Clara Mattu ◽  
Alice Accorroni ◽  
Valeria Chiono
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Polymeric Carriers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Moment

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.

Recent Advances in Non-Invasive Delivery of Macromolecules using Nanoparticulate Carriers System

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadab Md. ◽  
Shadabul Haque ◽  
Ravi Sheshala ◽  
Lim Wei Meng ◽  
Venkata Srikanth Meka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Formulation ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Rapid Clearance

Background: The drug delivery of macromolecules such as proteins and peptides has become an important area of research and represents the fastest expanding share of the market for human medicines. The most common method for delivering macromolecules is parenterally. However parenteral administration of some therapeutic macromolecules has not been effective because of their rapid clearance from the body. As a result, most macromolecules are only therapeutically useful after multiple injections, which causes poor compliance and systemic side effects. Methods: Therefore, there is a need to improve delivery of therapeutic macromolecules to enable non-invasive delivery routes, less frequent dosing through controlled-release drug delivery, and improved drug targeting to increase efficacy and reduce side effects. Result: Non-invasive administration routes such as intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal, ocular and oral delivery have been attempted intensively by formulating macromolecules into nanoparticulate carriers system such as polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles. Conclusion: This review discusses barriers to drug delivery and current formulation technologies to overcome the unfavorable properties of macromolecules via non-invasive delivery (mainly intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal oral and ocular) with a focus on nanoparticulate carrier systems. This review also provided a summary and discussion of recent data on non-invasive delivery of macromolecules using nanoparticulate formulations.

scholarly journals Nanoferrites-Based Drug Delivery Systems as Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Treatments. Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Ocampo Osorio ◽  
Jhon Augusto Jativa Herrera ◽  
Oscar Moscoso Londoño ◽  
César Leandro Londoño Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Nanostructured Systems ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Substance ◽  
Low Solubility

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, whose treatment often involves chemotherapy. In a conventional therapy, drug is transported (and usually absorbed) across biological membranes through diffusion and systemic transport. The pathway that medicine must travel before reaching the desired location, can bring adverse or unwanted effects, which are mainly the result of: low bioavailability, low solubility and toxicity. To avoiding risks, nanoparticles coated with the drug could be used as a therapeutic substance to selectively reach an area of interest to act without affecting non-target cells, organs, or tissues (drug delivery). Here, the goal is to enhance the concentration of the chemotherapeutic drug in the disease parts of the body. Among all nanostructured systems, ferrites attract worldwide attention in drug delivery applications. It is due to their versatile magnetic and physicochemical properties. Here, it is reviewed and analyzed recent advances in synthesis, morphology, size, magnetic properties, functionalization with a focus in drug delivery applications of nanoferrites.

scholarly journals Fluorescent boronate-based polymer nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered cargo release for drug-delivery applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 6958-6963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliézer Jäger ◽  
Anita Höcherl ◽  
Olga Janoušková ◽  
Alessandro Jäger ◽  
Martin Hrubý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications

scholarly journals Permeation Challenges of Drugs for Treatment of Neurological Tuberculosis and HIV and the Application of Magneto-Electric Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Sinaye Mhambi ◽  
David Fisher ◽  
Moise B. Tchoula Tchokonte ◽  
Admire Dube
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cns Drug Delivery ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery ◽  
The Brain

The anatomical structure of the brain at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) creates a limitation for the movement of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). Drug delivery facilitated by magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) is a relatively new non-invasive approach for the delivery of drugs into the CNS. These nanoparticles (NPs) can create localized transient changes in the permeability of the cells of the BBB by inducing electroporation. MENs can be applied to deliver antiretrovirals and antibiotics towards the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections in the CNS. This review focuses on the drug permeation challenges and reviews the application of MENs for drug delivery for these diseases. We conclude that MENs are promising systems for effective CNS drug delivery and treatment for these diseases, however, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to achieve translation of this approach to the clinic.

scholarly journals Nanotherapeutics in Neuropathologies: Obstacles, Challenges and Recent Advancements in CNS Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Patel ◽  
Vishal Chavda ◽  
Jigar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

: Neurology and associated nanotherapeutics is a complex field in terms of therapeutics and neurological disorder complexity. Brain is an intricate appendage and requires more precise embattled treatment for the particular diseases and hence it’s a broad scale for developing more targeted drug deliveries. The brain is one of the most inaccessible tissues of the body due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus delivery of drugs inside the brain is a striking dare and it is also tricky to treat central nervous system (CNS) complications pharmacologically. The therapeutic aspiration is to accomplish a lowest drug meditation in the brain tissues so as to gain favoured therapeutic results. To devastate this obstacle, nanotechnology is engaged in the field of targeted brain drug delivery and neuropathology targeting. These carriers hold myriad ability as they may augment the drug delivery into the brain by shielding them from degradation and prolonging their transmission in the blood, as well as promoting their transport through the BBB. Nanopharmaceuticals are quickly sprouting as new avenue that is engaged with the drug-loaded nanocarriers to demonstrate unique physicochemical properties and tiny size range for penetrating into the central nervous system. The enchantment behind their therapeutic achievement is the condensed drug dose and inferior toxicity, whereby restricting the therapeutic compound to the specific site. Therefore, in this article we have tried to recapitulate the advances the novel scopes for the brain targeted drug delivery for complex neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Approach towards Transdermal Drug Delivery: Ethosomal Gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Ezekiel O. Kehinde ◽  
Shah Akrutiben ◽  
Janki Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Barrier ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive

The human body is up of the skin which is the largest organ in the body and hence acts as a biological barrier that obstructs drug movement across the stratum corneum into the systemic circulation. The topical drug delivery system serves as a delivery system in which drugs are delivered for systemic circulation through the skin. Low diffusion rate across the stratum corneum is the main disadvantage of this system and for this limitation to be overcome, an Ethosomal formulation can be formulated which acts as a delivery system for the drug to be delivered across the biological barrier of the skin into the body. In ethosomal gel formulation, The prepared Ethosome is converted into a gel that can be applied to the skin what makes ethosomal gel formulation unique which enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation and enhance the delivery of active agents. In addition to this, it is also a malleable vesicular delivery carrier, soft and non-invasive. There is also a higher influx of drugs transdermally into the skin as ethosomal gel formulation allows drug to penetrate deep into the skin and enters systemic circulation. There is the development of new and novel therapies for the treatment of disease through the ethosomal drug delivery system as it is safe and effective and also easy to prepare. Topics ranging from preparation of ethosomes, Ethosomal gel, advantages and disadvantages, and characterization techniques are focused on in this review article.

Orally Administered Nanotherapeutics For Parkinson’s Disease: An Old Delivery System Yet More Acceptable

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 2280-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Aggarwal ◽  
Zufika Qamar ◽  
Saleha Rehman ◽  
Sanjula Baboota ◽  
Javed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Area Of Interest

As per the present global scenario, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is considered to be the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which is a keen area of interest among researchers. The conventional therapies generally employed against PD are associated with serious drawbacks including limited transport across selectively permeable BBB, hepatic metabolism, intestinal barrier, etc. This urges the need to develop novel therapeutic alternatives. The oral route being the most preferred route of administration needs to be explored for new and more intelligent drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has been proposed to play a promising role in reversing the progression of the disease via the oral route. Nanocarriers, namely nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, nanomicellar formulations, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems and alginate nanocomposites have been investigated upon to modulate the fate of drugs inside the human body when administered orally. The development of various nanotherapeutics for the treatment of PD has been reviewed, depicting an enhanced bioavailability to provide a desired therapeutic outcome. The new advances in the therapy have been explored and highlighted through the body of this review. However, a therapeutically effective concentration at the target site remains a challenge, therefore extensive exploration in the field of nanotherapeutics may facilitate superior drug delivery to CNS via oral route thereby improving the state of disease progression.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Masserini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system, one of the most delicate microenvironments of the body, is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulating its homeostasis. BBB is a highly complex structure that tightly regulates the movement of ions of a limited number of small molecules and of an even more restricted number of macromolecules from the blood to the brain, protecting it from injuries and diseases. However, the BBB also significantly precludes the delivery of drugs to the brain, thus, preventing the therapy of a number of neurological disorders. As a consequence, several strategies are currently being sought after to enhance the delivery of drugs across the BBB. Within this review, the recently born strategy of brain drug delivery based on the use of nanoparticles, multifunctional drug delivery systems with size in the order of one-billionth of meters, is described. The review also includes a brief description of the structural and physiological features of the barrier and of the most utilized nanoparticles for medical use. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles is discussed, and future technological approaches are described. The strong efforts to allow the translation from preclinical to concrete clinical applications are worth the economic investments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document