scholarly journals Solubility and Aggregation of Selected Proteins Interpreted on the Basis of Hydrophobicity Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5002
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ptak-Kaczor ◽  
Mateusz Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Stapor ◽  
Piotr Fabian ◽  
Leszek Konieczny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Protein Surface ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Polar Environment ◽  
Polar Residues ◽  
Different Levels

Protein solubility is based on the compatibility of the specific protein surface with the polar aquatic environment. The exposure of polar residues to the protein surface promotes the protein’s solubility in the polar environment. The aquatic environment also influences the folding process by favoring the centralization of hydrophobic residues with the simultaneous exposure to polar residues. The degree of compatibility of the residue distribution, with the model of the concentration of hydrophobic residues in the center of the molecule, with the simultaneous exposure of polar residues is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the chain. The fuzzy oil drop model enables the quantification of the degree of compatibility of the hydrophobicity distribution observed in the protein to a form fully consistent with the Gaussian 3D function, which expresses an idealized distribution that meets the preferences of the polar water environment. The varied degrees of compatibility of the distribution observed with the idealized one allow the prediction of preferences to interactions with molecules of different polarity, including water molecules in particular. This paper analyzes a set of proteins with different levels of hydrophobicity distribution in the context of the solubility of a given protein and the possibility of complex formation.

scholarly journals The Many Faces of Amphipathic Helices

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Giménez-Andrés ◽  
Alenka Čopič ◽  
Bruno Antonny
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Amphipathic Helices ◽  
Polar Residues ◽  
Secondary Feature ◽  
Helical Turn ◽  
The Many

Amphipathic helices (AHs), a secondary feature found in many proteins, are defined by their structure and by the segregation of hydrophobic and polar residues between two faces of the helix. This segregation allows AHs to adsorb at polar–apolar interfaces such as the lipid surfaces of cellular organelles. Using various examples, we discuss here how variations within this general scheme impart membrane-interacting AHs with different interfacial properties. Among the key parameters are: (i) the size of hydrophobic residues and their density per helical turn; (ii) the nature, the charge, and the distribution of polar residues; and (iii) the length of the AH. Depending on how these parameters are tuned, AHs can deform lipid bilayers, sense membrane curvature, recognize specific lipids, coat lipid droplets, or protect membranes from stress. Via these diverse mechanisms, AHs play important roles in many cellular processes.

scholarly journals Downhill, Ultrafast and Fast Folding Proteins Revised

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7632
Author(s):  
Mateusz Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Stapor ◽  
Leszek Konieczny ◽  
Piotr Fabian ◽  
Irena Roterman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Spherical Micelle ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Folding Process

Research on the protein folding problem differentiates the protein folding process with respect to the duration of this process. The current structure encoded in sequence dogma seems to be clearly justified, especially in the case of proteins referred to as fast-folding, ultra-fast-folding or downhill. In the present work, an attempt to determine the characteristics of this group of proteins using fuzzy oil drop model is undertaken. According to the fuzzy oil drop model, a protein is a specific micelle composed of bi-polar molecules such as amino acids. Protein folding is regarded as a spherical micelle formation process. The presence of covalent peptide bonds between amino acids eliminates the possibility of free mutual arrangement of neighbors. An example would be the construction of co-micelles composed of more than one type of bipolar molecules. In the case of fast folding proteins, the amino acid sequence represents the optimal bipolarity system to generate a spherical micelle. In order to achieve the native form, it is enough to have an external force field provided by the water environment which directs the folding process towards the generation of a centric hydrophobic core. The influence of the external field can be expressed using the 3D Gaussian function which is a mathematical model of the folding process orientation towards the concentration of hydrophobic residues in the center with polar residues exposed on the surface. The set of proteins under study reveals a hydrophobicity distribution compatible with a 3D Gaussian distribution, taken as representing an idealized micelle-like distribution. The structure of the present hydrophobic core is also discussed in relation to the distribution of hydrophobic residues in a partially unfolded form.

scholarly journals An Effectual Biosorbent Substance for Removal of Manganese Ions from Aquatic Environment: A Promising Environmental Remediation Study with Activated Coastal Waste of Zostera marina Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fatih Deniz ◽  
Elif Tezel Ersanli
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Manganese Ions ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetic Equilibrium

In the present research paper, a biosorptive remediation practice for an aqueous medium sample polluted with manganese ions was implemented using the activated coastal waste of the Zostera marina plant. This is the first report in the literature on the utilization of current modified biological waste as a biosorbent substance for the removal of manganese ions from the water environment. The analyses of biosorbent characterization, environmental condition, kinetic, equilibrium, and comparison were performed to introduce the ability of prepared biosorbent for the removal of manganese from the aquatic medium. The biosorbent matter has a rough surface with numerous cavities and cracks and various functional groups for the biosorption of manganese. The environmental conditions significantly affected the manganese purification process, and the optimum working conditions were determined to be biosorbent quantity of 10 mg, pH of 6, manganese concentration of 30 mg L-1, and time of 60 min. The pseudo-second-order model best explained the kinetic data of biosorption operation. The biosorption equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equilibrium model, the maximum purification potency was estimated to be 120.6 mg g-1. The comparison work revealed that the activated coastal waste of the Z. marina plant could be utilized as an effectual and promising biosorbent substance for the remediation of an aquatic environment contaminated with manganese ions.

Modern Urban Ecological Waterscape Planning and Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Correct Judgment ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Modern urban ecological waterscape is essentially about planning waterfront construction as well as ecology solicitude in a rapidly changing environment in Chinese city. The primary goal of this research is attempting to reconnect the relationship between waterscape and environment, which has been broken up in the past urbanization. The method used in this study is known as the ecological planning and design, and the author suggests that the ecological waterscape planning should include the aspects of water environment restoring, old buildings reusing, different levels water purifying system and traditional culture exploring, etc. It is concluded that the correct judgment and optional operation of these factors will enhance the function of urban waterscape as well as improve city living environment in general.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of microtubule-associated protein 1 in rat cerebellum using monoclonal antibodies.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Huber ◽  
A Matus
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
Golgi Neurons ◽  
Brain Microtubules ◽  
Different Levels

Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies showed that microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1) has a restricted cellular distribution in the rat cerebellum. Anti-MAP1 staining was found only in neurons, where it was much stronger in dendrites than in axons. There were striking variations in the apparent concentration of MAP1 in different classes of neurons. Purkinje cells were the most strongly labeled, while granule cell neurons gave a faint, threshold-level reaction with the antibody. The reaction of Golgi neurons was intermediate between these two extremes. Equivalent results were obtained using two different methods of tissue preparation. Thus MAP1 appears to be a neuron-specific protein that is highly concentrated in dendrites and occurs at markedly different levels in different types of neurons. These observations provide further indications of heterogeneity among brain microtubules.

scholarly journals Learning the basics of applied swimming cadets

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Андрей Третьяков ◽  
Andrey Tretyakov ◽  
Алексей Ткаченко ◽  
Alexey Tkachenko ◽  
Владимир Дрогомерецкий ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Know How ◽  
Internal Affairs

The paper presents the rationale for solving the problem of teaching the basics of applied swimming cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs. The need for training these skills of cadets is high. Many students in the educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs do not know how to assist and counteract the criminal in the water environment. Despite this, the future police during execution of official duties, the duty to assist, where appropriate, and within the framework of crime prevention, respectively, to the persecution, to oppose and delay in the aquatic environment of the offender. These circumstances determined the need to develop methods of teaching the basics of applied swimming cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs. It was supposed to carry out the analysis of level of readiness of cadets in questions of knowledge of bases of applied swimming. To develop a program of training students in the basics of applied swimming and test its effectiveness. In the course of the study, pedagogical, practical, mathematical and statistical methods were used. In the course of the study it was found that the proposed program of practical training and methodology for teaching the basics of applied swimming is effective. This is indicated by the experimental data obtained as a result of testing of cadets. This fact allows us to recommend an experimental technique for use in the educational process of students.

scholarly journals In Silico Modeling of the Influence of Environment on Amyloid Folding Using FOD-M Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10587
Author(s):  
Irena Roterman ◽  
Katarzyna Stapor ◽  
Piotr Fabian ◽  
Leszek Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Polar Environment ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Given

The role of the environment in amyloid formation based on the fuzzy oil drop model (FOD) is discussed here. This model assumes that the hydrophobicity distribution within a globular protein is consistent with a 3D Gaussian (3DG) distribution. Such a distribution is interpreted as the idealized effect of the presence of a polar solvent—water. A chain with a sequence of amino acids (which are bipolar molecules) determined by evolution recreates a micelle-like structure with varying accuracy. The membrane, which is a specific environment with opposite characteristics to the polar aquatic environment, directs the hydrophobic residues towards the surface. The modification of the FOD model to the FOD-M form takes into account the specificity of the cell membrane. It consists in “inverting” the 3DG distribution (complementing the Gaussian distribution), which expresses the exposure of hydrophobic residues on the surface. It turns out that the influence of the environment for any protein (soluble or membrane-anchored) is the result of a consensus factor expressing the participation of the polar environment and the “inverted” environment. The ratio between the proportion of the aqueous and the “reversed” environment turns out to be a characteristic property of a given protein, including amyloid protein in particular. The structure of amyloid proteins has been characterized in the context of prion, intrinsically disordered, and other non-complexing proteins to cover a wider spectrum of molecules with the given characteristics based on the FOD-M model.

Functional construction of a water-stable Tb-coordination polymer luminescent sensor for highly selective detection of picric acid in an aquatic environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (46) ◽  
pp. 17349-17354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chengdong Liu ◽  
Chunyang Chen ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Weisheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Luminescent Sensor ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Luminescence Performance

In order to achieve convenient and efficient detection of picric acid in a water environment, based on function-oriented strategy, we combine luminescence performance with recognition performance, taking into account the application conditions.

THE ROLE OF THE FUTUROLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE XX CENTURY IN THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MODULAR ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kizilova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Modular Structures

The aim of the research is identifying the role of the futurological theories of the XX century in the mod-ern design of modular structures in the water environment. The leading research approach is based on the analysis of the principles of habitat organization from the point of view of the main visionary concepts of the XX century, which developed the idea of life on the water in the future, such as: architectural "metabolism", "mobile" architecture, arсology, architectural biomimetics and bionics. The approaches outlined in the framework of the futurological concepts of the last century include modularity, interchangeability of struc-tural elements, adaptation to changes in climatic conditions, application of the principles of growth and ag-gregation in natural systems to the architecture. The revealed approaches have been elaborated in the contemporary architectural concepts devoted to the development of the extreme water environment. Based on the analysis of implemented and conceptual pro-jects of the floating structures on the water, the types of spatial organization of modules are identified: line-ar, continuous, multiple, arbitrary, centralized. A graphical diagram illustrating the mechanism of aggrega-tion of modules for each type is made. These typologies can be applied in further design and experimental developments and theoretical studies in the field of biosphere-compatible architecture in the context of the aquatic environment.

Durability of fingerprints in aquatic environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Iwona Szymańska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of environment of stagnant and flowing water on the durability of fingerprints. The fingerprints immersed in two stagnant water reservoirs and 2 flowing water reservoirs were researched. There were two dependent variables: the contrast between fingerprints ridges and valleys and the contrast between the print and space located beyond it. It was found that fingerprints in stagnant water reservoirs have average longer durability and there is a significant difference in durability within one type of water environment. The contrast between fingerprints ridges and valleys turned out to be the most suitable dependent variable for the research.

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