scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Surface Heat Sintered Nanohydroxyapatite and Nanowhitlockite Embedded Poly (Lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Microsphere Bone Graft Scaffolds: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gils Jose ◽  
K.T. Shalumon ◽  
Han-Tsung Liao ◽  
Chang-Yi Kuo ◽  
Jyh-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Physico Chemical

In the context of using bone graft materials to restore and improve the function of damaged bone tissues, macroporous biodegradable composite bone graft scaffolds have osteoinductive properties that allow them to provide a suitable environment for bone regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and whitlockite (WLKT) are the two major components of hard tissues such as bone and teeth. Because of their biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, we synthesized HAP (nHAP) and WLKT nanoparticles (nWLKT) by using the chemical precipitation method. The nanoparticles were separately incorporated within poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. Following this, the composite microspheres were converted to macroporous bone grafts with sufficient mechanical strength in pin or screw shape through surface sintering. We characterized physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the nanoparticles and composites. The biocompatibility of the grafts was further tested through in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation studies using rabbit bone marrow stem cells. The ability to promote osteogenic differentiation was tested through alkaline phosphate activity and immunofluorescence staining of bone marker proteins. For in vivo study, the bone pins were implanted in tibia bone defects in rabbits to compare the bone regeneration ability though H&E, Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. The results revealed similar physico-chemical characteristics and cellular response of PLGA/nHAP and PLGA/nWLKT scaffolds but the latter is associated with higher osteogenic potential towards BMSCs, pointing out the possibility to use this ceramic nanoparticle to prepare a sintered composite microsphere scaffold for potential bone grafts and tissue engineered implants.

scholarly journals A partially demineralized allogeneic bone graft: in vitro osteogenic potential and preclinical evaluation in two different intramembranous bone healing models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Tournier ◽  
Jérôme Guicheux ◽  
Arnaud Paré ◽  
Aymeric Maltezeanu ◽  
Thibaut Blondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Allogenic Bone

AbstractIn skeletal surgical procedures, bone regeneration in irregular and hard-to-reach areas may present clinical challenges. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional autologous bone grafts and bone substitutes, an extrudable and easy-to-handle innovative partially demineralized allogenic bone graft in the form of a paste has been developed. In this study, the regenerative potential of this paste was assessed and compared to its clinically used precursor form allogenic bone particles. Compared to the particular bone graft, the bone paste allowed better attachment of human mesenchymal stromal cells and their commitment towards the osteoblastic lineage, and it induced a pro-regenerative phenotype of human monocytes/macrophages. The bone paste also supported bone healing in vivo in a guide bone regeneration model and, more interestingly, exhibited a substantial bone-forming ability when implanted in a critical-size defect model in rat calvaria. Thus, these findings indicate that this novel partially demineralized allogeneic bone paste that combines substantial bone healing properties and rapid and ease-of-use may be a promising alternative to allogeneic bone grafts for bone regeneration in several clinical contexts of oral and maxillofacial bone grafting.

scholarly journals In Vitro Physico-Chemical Characterization and Standardized In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility of a New Synthetic Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Lívia da Costa Pereira ◽  
Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão ◽  
Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino Alves ◽  
Rodrigo Figueiredo de Brito Resende ◽  
Marcelo José Pinheiro Guedes de Uzeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tissue Reactions

This study’s aim was to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioabsorption of a new membrane for guided bone regeneration (polylactic-co-glycolic acid associated with hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate) with three thicknesses (200, 500, and 700 µm) implanted in mice subcutaneously. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the quantification of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were used to characterize the physico-chemical properties. One hundred Balb-C mice were divided into 5 experimental groups: Group 1—Sham (without implantation); Group 2—200 μm; Group 3—500 μm; Group 4—700 μm; and Group 5—Pratix®. Each group was subdivided into four experimental periods (7, 30, 60 and 90 days). Samples were collected and processed for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation. The membranes showed no moderate or severe tissue reactions during the experimental periods studied. The 500-μm membrane showed no tissue reaction during any experimental period. The 200-μm membrane began to exhibit fragmentation after 30 days, while the 500-μm and 700-µm membranes began fragmentation at 90 days. All membranes studied were biocompatible and the 500 µm membrane showed the best results for absorption and tissue reaction, indicating its potential for clinical guided bone regeneration.

scholarly journals The Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Treated Bovine Bone Substitute on Bone Regeneration

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Jong-Ju Ahn ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yoo ◽  
Eun-Bin Bae ◽  
Gyoo-Cheon Kim ◽  
Jae Joon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was undertaken to compare new bone formation between non-expired and expired bovine-derived xenogeneic bone substitute (expired, out-of-use period) and to evaluate the efficacy of argon (Ar)-based atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment on expired bone substitute in rat calvarial defect. The groups were divided into (1) Non/Expired group (Using regular xenografts), (2) Expired group (Using expired xenografts), and (3) Ar/Expired group (Using Ar-based APP treated expired xenografts). Surface observation and cell experiments were performed in vitro. Twelve rats were used for in vivo experiment and the bony defects were created on the middle of the cranium. The bone substitute of each group was implanted into the defective site. After 4 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed, and the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were performed. In the results of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, Non/Expired and Ar/Expired groups were significantly higher than Expired group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups in the animal study (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, the surface treatment of Ar-based APP has a potential effect on the surface modification of bone grafts. However, there was no significant difference in bone regeneration ability between groups in vivo; thus, studies on APP to enhance bone regeneration should be carried out in the future.

scholarly journals Osteogenic Potential of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells for Calvaria Bone Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Lee ◽  
Yonsil Park ◽  
Wei-Shou Hu ◽  
Ching-Chang Ko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells

Osteogenic cells derived from rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPCs) were investigated for their potential use in bone regeneration. rMAPCs are adult stem cells derived from bone marrow that have a high proliferation capacity and the differentiation potential to multiple lineages. They may also offer immunomodulatory properties favorable for applications for regenerative medicine. rMAPCs were cultivated as single cells or as 3D aggregates in osteogenic media for up to 38 days, and their differentiation to bone lineage was then assessed by immunostaining of osteocalcin and collagen type I and by mineralization assays. The capability of rMAPCs in facilitating bone regeneration was evaluatedin vivoby the direct implantation of multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) aggregates in rat calvarial defects. Bone regeneration was examined radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Results showed that rMAPCs successfully differentiated into osteogenic lineage by demonstrating mineralized extracellular matrix formationin vitroand induced new bone formation by the effect of rMAPC aggregatesin vivo. These outcomes confirm that rMAPCs have a good osteogenic potential and provide insights into rMAPCs as a novel adult stem cell source for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Increased BMSC Exosomal miR-140-3p Alleviates Bone Degradation and Promotes Bone Restoration by Targeting Plxnb1 in Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xuanchen Liu ◽  
Zhen Tang ◽  
Xinghui Wei ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Bone Degradation ◽  
Defect Repair

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be an important factor for bone degeneration disorders such as bone defect nonunion, which is characterized by physical disability and tremendous economy cost to families and society. Exosomal miRNAs of BMSCs have been reported to participate in osteoblastogenesis and modulating bone formation. However, their impacts on the development of bone degeneration in DM are not yet known. The role of miRNAs in BMSCs exosomes on regulating hyperglycemia bone degeneration was investigated in the present study. Results: The osteogenic potential in bone defect repair of exosomes derived from diabetes mellitus BMSCs derived exosomes (DM-Exos) were revealed to be lower than that in normal BMSCs derived exosomes (N-Exos) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that miR-140-3p level was significantly altered in exosomes derived from BMSCs, ADSCs and serum from DM rats. In in vitro experiments, upregulated miR-140-3p exosomes promoted DM BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. The effects were exerted by miR-140-3p targeting plxnb1, plexin B1 is the receptor of semaphoring 4D(Sema4D) that inhibited osteocytes differentiation, thereby promoting bone formation. In DM rats with bone defect, miR-140-3p upregulated exosomes were transplanted into injured bone and accelerated bone regeneration. Besides, miR-140-3p in the exosomes was transferred into BMSCs and osteoblasts and promoted bone regeneration by targeting the plexin B1/RohA/ROCK signaling pathway. Conclusions: Normal-Exos and miR-140-3p overexpressed-Exos accelerated diabetic wound healing by promoting the osteoblastogenesis function of BMSCs through inhibition plexin B1 expression which is the receptor of Sema4D and the plexin B1/RhoA/ROCK pathway compared with diabetes mellitus-Exos. This offers a new insight and a new therapy for treating diabetic bone unhealing.

scholarly journals Biologization of Pcl-Mesh Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (Prf) Enhances Its Regenerative Potential In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Sarah Al-Maawi ◽  
Eva Dohle ◽  
Jing Lim ◽  
Paul Weigl ◽  
Swee Hin Teoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin

Introduction: Resorbable synthetic scaffolds are promising for different indications, especially in the context of bone regeneration. However, they require additional biological components to enhance their osteogenic potential. In addition to different cell types, autologous blood-derived matrices offer many advantages to enhance the regenerative capacity of biomaterials. The present study aimed to analyze whether biologization of a PCL-mesh coated using differently centrifuged Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) matrices will have a positive influence on primary human osteoblasts activity in vitro. A polymeric resorbable scaffold (Osteomesh, OsteoporeTM (OP), Singapore) was combined with differently centrifuged PRF matrices to evaluate the additional influence of this biologization concept on bone regeneration in vitro. Peripheral blood of three healthy donors was used to gain PRF matrices centrifuged either at High (710× g, 8 min) or Low (44× g, 8 min) relative centrifugal force (RCF) according to the low speed centrifugation concept (LSCC). OP-PRF constructs were cultured with pOBs. POBs cultured on the uncoated OP served as a control. After three and seven days of cultivation, cell culture supernatants were collected to analyze the pOBs activity by determining the concentrations of VEGF, TGF-β1, PDGF, OPG, IL-8, and ALP- activity. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the Osteopontin expression of pOBs. After three days, the group of OP+PRFLow+pOBs showed significantly higher expression of IL-8, TGF-ß1, PDGF, and VEGF compared to the group of OP+PRFHigh+pOBs and OP+pOBs. Similar results were observed on day 7. Moreover, OP+PRFLow+pOBs exhibited significantly higher activity of ALP compared to OP+PRFHigh+pOBs and OP+pOBs. Immunofluorescence staining showed a higher number of pOBs adherent to OP+PRFLow+pOBs compared to the groups OP+PRFHigh+pOBs and OP+pOBs. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the osteoblasts activity when cultured on a PRF-coated PCL-mesh in vitro. The presented results suggest that PRFLow centrifuged according to LSCC exhibits autologous blood cells and growth factors, seem to have a significant effect on osteogenesis. Thereby, the combination of OP with PRFLow showed promising results to support bone regeneration. Further in vivo studies are required to verify the results and carry out potential results for clinical translation.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Eggshell as Bone Graft Compared with Bovine for Bone Defect: A Systematic Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 470-473
Author(s):  
Hanif Andhika Wardhana ◽  
Mujaddid Idulhaq ◽  
Rhyan Darma Saputra ◽  
Rieva Ermawan ◽  
Musa Fasa Roshada
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bovine Bone

Background : The use of Bone Graft in the management of Bone Defect is a challenge in the world of orthopedics. Recently, eggshell containing hydroxyapatite has become a new hope in the use of an economical and efficient bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the available literature on the clinical performance of eggshells as bone grafts in guided bone regeneration. Method : Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane) were searched from January 2010 to September 2020. Clinical trials using eggshells as bone grafts were included in the review. Animal and in vivo studies were excluded from the review. Results : A total of 202 studies were taken, then screened and 15 studies finally included. Clinical and radiological evaluations show complete recovery after the procedure. Comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite shows similar healing characteristics. Conclusion : Eggshell compared to bovine showed no difference in bone healing. Within the limitations of the included studies, eggshells can be used safely and efficiently in integrated bone regeneration procedures. Keywords: Bone tissue regeneration; eggshell; bovine; bone defect; bone graft  

scholarly journals Comparing bone tissue engineering efficacy of HDPSCs, HBMSCs on 3D biomimetic ABM-P-15 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Mohanram ◽  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Eleftherios Tsiridis ◽  
Xuebin B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Model

Abstract Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical, In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation of a 3D Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Tanaka ◽  
Hisao Haniu ◽  
Takayuki Kamanaka ◽  
Takashi Takizawa ◽  
Atsushi Sobajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold
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