scholarly journals Use of Multi-Temporal LiDAR to Quantify Fertilization Effects on Stand Volume and Biomass in Late-Rotation Coastal Douglas-Fir Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Jason Kelley ◽  
John A. (Tony) Trofymow ◽  
Juha M. Metsaranta ◽  
Cosmin N. Filipescu ◽  
Christopher Bone
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Forest fertilization is common in coastal British Columbia as a means to increase wood production and potentially enhance carbon sequestration. Generally, the effects of fertilization are determined by measuring sample plots pre- and post-treatment, resulting in fertilization effects being determined for a limited portion of the treatment area. Applications of remote sensing-based enhanced forest inventories have allowed for estimations to expand to the wider forested area. However, these applications have not focused on monitoring the effects of silvicultural treatments. The objective of this research was to examine if a multi-temporal application of the LiDAR area-based method can be used to detect the fertilization effects on volume, biomass, and height in a second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand. The study area on Vancouver Island was fertilized in January 2007, and sample plots were established in 2011. LiDAR acquisitions were made in 2004, prior to fertilization, and in 2008, 2011, and 2016, covering both treated and untreated areas. A total of 29 paired LiDAR blocks, comprised of four 20 m resolution raster cells, were selected on either side of the fertilization boundary for analysis of the effects across several different stand types differing in the percentage of Douglas-fir, site index, and age. Random forest (RF) plot-level models were developed to estimate total stem volume and total stem biomass for each year of LiDAR acquisition using an area-based approach. Plot level results showed an increase in stem volume by 13% fertilized over control from 2005 to 2011, which was similar to a 14% increase in above-ground carbon stocks estimated using a tree-ring stand reconstruction approach. Plot-level RF models showed R2 values of 0.86 (volume) and 0.92 (biomass) with relative cross-validated root mean square errors of 12.5% (volume) and 11.9% (biomass). For both the sample plots and LiDAR blocks, statistical results indicated no significant differences in volume or biomass between treatments. However, significant differences in height increments were detected between treatments in LiDAR blocks. The results from this research highlight the promising potential for the use of enhanced forest inventory methods to rapidly expand the assessment of treatment effects beyond sample plots to the stand, block, or landscape level.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL VARIABLES ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SECOND-GROWTH DOUGLAS FIR

1952 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wellwood
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thinning Operation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The University

Second-growth stands of mixed Douglas fir and western hemlock produce wood that varies considerably in quality, expressed as specific gravity, depending upon the factors of position in the stem, crown class and site index. Data were obtained from sample Douglas fir trees removed in a thinning operation on the University Research Forest, Haney, British Columbia. Samples represent three levels in the stem (stump, one-third total height and merchantable top), three major crown classes (Dominant, Codominant and Intermediate) and site indices from 93 to 160.It was determined that wood at the base of the tree was more dense than at the higher levels, although this difference failed to show significance for the better sites. Considering the differences, at the same levels, between trees of the three crown classes, Dominants had significantly lower values of specific gravity than either the Codominants or the Intermediates. No significant differences occurred between the latter two classes. When the variable of site is tested, it is found that the "Good" sites have significantly lower specific gravities than do the "Average" sites, for comparable sections. The interaction between site and crown class reveals that the differences above hold for the mean of all sites, and for "Average" sites, but that on "Good" sites no significant difference exists between any of the crown classes.In managing second-growth stands of this nature the forester should keep in mind the variation in specific gravity that will occur. He can regulate rate of growth of individual trees and of stands, within limits, so as to produce wood of the desired quality.

scholarly journals Multitemporales, flugzeuggetragenes Laserscanning für die Forstwirtschaft

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Markus Hollaus ◽  
Norbert Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Minimum Mapping Unit ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Data Source

Multi-temporal airborne laserscanning data for forestry applications During the last decade airborne laserscanning (ALS) data has been established as a suitable data source for three-dimensional description of forests and for deriving forest parameters. For the study area Vorarlberg, Austria, the potential of multi-temporal ALS data (data from 2004 and 2011) was analyzed for deriving the amount of harvests in terms of area and stem volume. The data were used as well to assess the site index with the aid of the changes in top heights. The analyses have shown that harvested areas could be detected with a minimum mapping unit of 20 m2, which corresponds to harvested single trees from the dominant canopy layer. The average amount of harvested stem volume could be estimated with an overall accuracy of 96.4%. The derived changes in top heights clearly reflect the local growth conditions. For the study area Liechtenstein two ALS data sets (leaf-on and leaf-off) were used for the differentiation between coniferous and deciduous forests. Here, an overall accuracy of 92% could be achieved.

scholarly journals Early-Stage Thinning for the Restoration of Young Redwood—Douglas-Fir Forests in Northern Coastal California, USA

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse F. Plummer ◽  
Christopher R. Keyes ◽  
J. Morgan Varner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Stand Conditions

Among forested parks and reserves of the Pacific Coast of the United States, the restoration of late-successional conditions to second-growth stands is a management priority. Some traditional silvicultural treatments may help achieve this objective. We evaluated early-stage thinning as a restoration treatment to facilitate the growth and development of young (33- to 45-year old), homogeneous, and second-growth stands of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Targeting both stand-level responses and dominant (focal) tree responses for analysis, we compared structural attributes of adjacent thinned and unthinned stands, 12–17 years after thinning. Thinned stands displayed enhanced metrics of tree vigor, growth, and mechanical stability, thereby improving response to future restoration treatments and broadening the range of potential stand conditions. We conclude that early-stage thinning has been successful as a preliminary restoration treatment because it accomplished many initial goals of forest restoration, while retaining sufficient tree numbers to buffer against possible attrition from future disturbances.

scholarly journals Correction: Kelley et al. Use of Multi-Temporal LiDAR to Quantify Fertilization Effects on Stand Volume and Biomass in Late-Rotation Coastal Douglas-Fir Forests. Forests 2021, 12, 517

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Jason Kelley ◽  
John A. (Tony) Trofymow ◽  
Juha M. Metsaranta ◽  
Cosmin N. Filipescu ◽  
Christopher Bone
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Fertilization Effects

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]

Preliminary DRIS norms for coastal Douglas-fir soils in Washington and Oregon

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Shumway ◽  
H.N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Diagnostic Work

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has been used successfully in agricultural crops and holds promise for use in forest stands. This study used soil tests to develop DRIS norms and evaluate their effectiveness in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. DRIS norms for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were developed using soil test and site index data from 72 soil series that commonly support Douglas-fir in western Washington. The norms were tested using soil test and stand basal area growth response data from 20 thinned and 30 unthinned N fertilizer test sites in coastal Washington and Oregon. Response to urea fertilizer in thinned stands averaged 34% and 43% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively, when N was identified as the most limiting nutrient. When N was not the most limiting nutrient, N response averaged 8% and 10% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively. Results were similar in unthinned stands and thinned stands, although response to fertilizer appeared to be slightly less in unthinned stands when N was the most limiting nutrient. DRIS correctly classified 25 of the 33 sites (76%) where N fertilizer increased growth by more than 15%. More importantly, 13 of the 17 (76%) sites that responded by less than 15% were correctly identified by DRIS. The results clearly indicate that N fertilizer response is dependent on the interactions (balance) between soil nutrients at a given site. Future soil diagnostic work needs to focus on techniques, like DRIS, that provide an assessment of these interactions.

Fungal deterioration of second-growth Douglas-fir logs in coastal British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1541-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith ◽  
H. M. Craig ◽  
D. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Fungal Deterioration

Fungal deterioration of second-growth Douglas-fir logs, felled each month from August 1961 to May 1962, was studied 2, 4, and 6 years after felling. Decay increased from 10% of log volumes after 2 years to 47% after 6 years. The rate of decay, particularly for the brown cubical type, was greater for autumn- and winter-felled logs than for those felled in the spring and late summer, and closely paralleled the seasonal pattern of ambrosia beetle attack.Decay rates increased with decreasing log size, increasing percentage of sapwood, and increasing height of log above ground. For the same diameter of log, base logs decayed less rapidly than second logs, possibly because of their lower proportion of sapwood in relation to heartwood.Decay expressed as a percentage of total log volume (Y) may be estimated (R2 = 0.71) with the following equation: Y = 13.2 + 10.7X1 − 3.2X2, where X1 = years elapsed and X2 = d.i.b. (diameter inside bark) top of log.Of 30 wood-decay fungi isolated, Naematoloma sp. (N. capnoides or N. fasciculare), which causes a white rot, was associated with the most decay. Fomes pinicola was mainly responsible for brown cubical sap rot, while Poria monticola and P. carbonica caused a brown cubical heart rot at the ends of logs.The significance of variations in deterioration rate and fungal associates is discussed in relation to log durability and salvability.

scholarly journals Relationship between environmental factors and site index in Douglas-fir plantations in central Italy

1998 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piermaria Corona ◽  
Roberto Scotti ◽  
Neri Tarchiani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

A Multipoint Felled-Tree Validation of Height–Age Modeled Growth Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halli Hemingway ◽  
Mark Kimsey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract Accurate measures of forest site productivity are essential for forest-management planning. The most common measure of site productivity is breast height–age site index (BHASI)—the expected height at a reference age. Error from including early growth in productivity estimates and limited applicability of any one BHASI model warrant development of alternative methods. Exploring alternatives may only be necessary if regional BHASI models are not accurately predicting growth rates. We compared modeled height growth rates for Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to felled-tree measurements to evaluate relative performance of a regional BHASI model. An orthogonal sampling design ensured samples were collected across a range of site factors known to influence Douglas-fir growth rates. Growth rates for each 10 m section were calculated and compared to BHASI modeled growth rates. The regional BHASI model underpredicted growth rates from breast height to 30 m. Observed growth rates from 10 to 30 m accounted for the majority of underprediction relative to BHASI modeled growth rates. An alternative multipoint method of defining site productivity is described. More research comparing BHASI and alternative methods is needed, given the growth rate error associated with one-point site productivity assessment.

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