scholarly journals Effect of Aluminum Oxide on the Performance of Ionic Liquid-Based Aluminum–Air Battery

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Christopher Welch ◽  
Abdul Kaleem Mohammad ◽  
Narayan S. Hosmane ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Kyu Taek Cho
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride

The aluminum–air (or oxygen) battery has received intense attention in the past because of its excellent benefits such as low cost and high energy density, but due to the challenging issues such as hydrogen evolution and inactive oxide film formation on the Al surface, it could not be fully applied. In this study, 1-Ethyl 3-Methyl Imidazolium Chloride ([EmIm]Cl) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) are applied to resolve the aforementioned issues. Ex situ component-level and in situ cell-level open circuit voltage (OCV) tests combined with the physics-based model analyses were conducted to investigate the electrochemical reaction behaviors of the Al–air cell. Especially, the effect of aluminum oxide formation on the anode- and cathode-side reactions were analyzed in detail. The oxide film formed at the Al surface strongly was found to significantly impede the electrochemical reaction at the surface, and the film growth was controlled by decreasing the surface tension by aggressive anions. In the cathode side, the aluminum oxide precipitated in the porous cathode electrode was found to decrease the porous reaction area and block reactant access into the reaction sites. The effects of O2 solubility in the electrolyte, initial porosity and thickness of the porous electrode are compared in detailed, and optimal thickness is suggested.

scholarly journals Rechargeable Na-CO2 Batteries Starting from Cathode of Na2CO3 and Carbon Nanotubes

Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchao Sun ◽  
Yong Lu ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Mo Han ◽  
Lianyi Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Charging Mechanism

Na-CO2 batteries have attracted significant attentions due to their high energy density and effective utilization of greenhouse gas CO2. However, all reported Na-CO2 batteries employ excessive preloaded metal Na, which will lead to safety issues such as dendrite formation and short circuit. In addition, the charging mechanism of reported Na-CO2 batteries is not very clear. Here we report the Na-CO2 batteries, starting from the cathode of cheap Na2CO3 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to the effective electron transfer and high reactivity, the decomposition of Na2CO3 and CNTs could take place under 3.8 V. The charging mechanism of 2Na2CO3 + C → 4Na + 3CO2 without any side reactions is revealed by in/ex situ techniques such as Raman, gas chromatograph, and optical microscope. Dendrite-free Na can quantitatively deposit on the Super P/Al anode because of large specific surface area and low nucleation barrier of the anode for Na plating. The batteries could deliver an energy density of 183 Wh kg−1 (based on the whole mass of the pouch-type batteries, 4 g) with stable cycling performance. This work reveals that safe rechargeable Na-CO2 batteries could be constructed by cheap Na2CO3 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Interfacial electron modulation of MoS2/black phosphorus heterostructure toward high-rate and high-energy density half/full sodium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenrui Zhang ◽  
Tingting Liang ◽  
Huilong Dong ◽  
Junjun Li ◽  
Junyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, viable anode materials still suffer from sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics and huge volume expansion during cycling,...

scholarly journals Correlating the Voltage Hysteresis in Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides to Reversible Structural Changes by Using X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Strehle ◽  
Tanja Zünd ◽  
Sabrina Sicolo ◽  
Aleksandr Kiessling ◽  
Volodymyr Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMR-NCMs) are promising cathode active materials (CAMs) in future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density. However, the material undergoes a unique open circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis between charge and discharge after activation, which compromises its roundtrip energy efficiency and affects the thermal management requirements for an LIB system. The hysteresis is believed to be caused by transition metal (TM) migration and/or by oxygen redox activities. Using in-situ X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), we monitor the lattice parameters of over-lithiated NCMs during the initial cycles and show that also the lattice parameters feature a distinct path dependence. When correlated to the OCV instead of the state of charge (SOC), this hysteresis vanishes for the unit cell volume and gives a linear correlation that is identical for different degrees of over-lithiation. We further aimed at elucidating the role of TM migration on the hysteresis phenomena by applying joint Rietveld refinements to a series of ex-situ XPD and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) samples. We critically discuss the limitations of this approach and compare the results with DFT simulations, showing that the quantification of TM migration in LMR-NCMs by diffraction is not as straightforward as often believed.

scholarly journals Improving the Stability of High-Voltage Lithium Cobalt Oxide with a Multifunctional Electrolyte Additive: Interfacial Analyses

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Xing-Qun Liao ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Chang-Ming Zhang ◽  
Zhou-Lan Yin ◽  
Guo-Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Lithium Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Electrolyte Additive ◽  
Lithium Cobalt

In recent years, various attempts have been made to meet the increasing demand for high energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The increase in voltage can improve the capacity and the voltage platform performance of the electrode materials. However, as the charging voltage increases, the stabilization of the interface between the cathode material and the electrolyte will decrease, causing side reactions on both sides during the charge–discharge cycling, which seriously affects the high-temperature storage and the cycle performance of LIBs. In this study, a sulfate additive, dihydro-1,3,2-dioxathiolo[1,3,2]dioxathiole 2,2,5,5-tetraoxide (DDDT), was used as an efficient multifunctional electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2). Nanoscale protective layers were formed on the surfaces of both the cathode and the anode electrodes by the electrochemical redox reactions, which greatly decreased the side reactions and improved the voltage stability of the electrodes. By adding 2% (wt.%) DDDT into the electrolyte, LiCoO2 exhibited improved Li-storage performance at the relatively high temperature of 60 °C, controlled swelling behavior (less than 10% for 7 days), and excellent cycling performance (capacity retention rate of 76.4% at elevated temperature even after 150 cycles).

scholarly journals RF Magnetron Sputtering Aluminum Oxide Film for Surface Passivation on Crystalline Silicon Wafers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siming Chen ◽  
Luping Tao ◽  
Libin Zeng ◽  
Ruijiang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Film

Aluminum oxide films were deposited on crystalline silicon substrates by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. The influences of the deposition parameters on the surface passivation, surface damage, optical properties, and composition of the films have been investigated. It is found that proper sputtering power and uniform magnetic field reduced the surface damage from the high-energy ion bombardment to the silicon wafers during the process and consequently decreased the interface trap density, resulting in the good surface passivation; relatively high refractive index of aluminum oxide film is benefic to improve the surface passivation. The negative-charged aluminum oxide film was then successfully prepared. The surface passivation performance was further improved after postannealing by formation of an SiOxinterfacial layer. It is demonstrated that the reactive sputtering is an effective technique of fabricating aluminum oxide surface passivation film for low-cost high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells.

scholarly journals Micron-Sized Monodisperse Particle LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Derived by Oxalate Solvothermal Process Combined with Calcination as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Fangya Guo ◽  
Youxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Monodisperse Particles ◽  
Voltage Range

Ni-rich cathode LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM, x ≥ 0.5) materials are promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and low cost. However, several issues, such as their complex preparation and electrochemical instability have hindered their commercial application. Herein, a simple solvothermal method combined with calcination was employed to synthesize LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 with micron-sized monodisperse particles, and the influence of the sintering temperature on the structures, morphologies, and electrochemical properties was investigated. The material sintered at 800 °C formed micron-sized particles with monodisperse characteristics, and a well-order layered structure. When charged–discharged in the voltage range of 2.8–4.3 V, it delivered an initial discharge capacity of 175.5 mAh g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 80.3% at 0.1 C, and a superior discharge capacity of 135.4 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 84.4% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The reliable electrochemical performance is probably attributable to the micron-sized monodisperse particles, which ensured stable crystal structure and fewer side reactions. This work is expected to provide a facile approach to preparing monodisperse particles of different scales, and improve the performance of Ni-rich NCM or other cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Systematic Study of Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Bromine Sequestering Application in High Energy Density Electrolytes for Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Batteries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Michael Küttinger ◽  
Paulette A. Loichet Loichet Torres ◽  
Emeline Meyer ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Jens Tübke
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Ammonium Halides ◽  
Flow Batteries

Bromine complexing agents (BCAs) are used to reduce the vapor pressure of bromine in the aqueous electrolytes of bromine flow batteries. BCAs bind hazardous, volatile bromine by forming a second, heavy liquid fused salt. The properties of BCAs in a strongly acidic bromine electrolyte are largely unexplored. A total of 38 different quaternary ammonium halides are investigated ex situ regarding their properties and applicability in bromine electrolytes as BCAs. The focus is on the development of safe and performant HBr/Br2/H2O electrolytes with a theoretical capacity of 180 Ah L−1 for hydrogen bromine redox flow batteries (H2/Br2-RFB). Stable liquid fused salts, moderate bromine complexation, large conductivities and large redox potentials in the aqueous phase of the electrolytes are investigated in order to determine the most applicable BCA for this kind of electrolyte. A detailed study on the properties of BCA cations in these parameters is provided for the first time, as well as for electrolyte mixtures at different states of charge of the electrolyte. 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium bromide [C2Py]Br is selected from 38 BCAs based on its properties as a BCA that should be focused on for application in electrolytes for H2/Br2-RFB in the future.

scholarly journals Review of Multivalent Metal Ion Transport in Inorganic and Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Lauren F. O’Donnell ◽  
Steven G. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
All Solid State Batteries ◽  
Multivalent Metal

The lithium ion battery, with its high energy density and low reduction potential, continues to enchant researchers and dominate the landscape of energy storage systems development. However, the demands of technology in modern society have begun to reveal limitations of the lithium energy revolution. A combination of safety concerns, strained natural resources and geopolitics have inspired the search for alternative energy storage and delivery platforms. Traditional liquid electrolytes prove precarious in large scale schemes due to the propensity for leakage, the potential for side reactions and their corrosive nature. Alternative electrolytic materials in the form of solid inorganic ion conductors and solid polymer matrices offer new possibilities for all solid state batteries. In addition to the engineering of novel electrolyte materials, there is the opportunity to employ post-lithium chemistries. Utility of multivalent cation (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Al3+) transport promises a reduction in cost and increase in safety. In this review, we examine the current research focused on developing solid electrolytes using multivalent metal cation charge carriers and the outlook for their application in all solid state batteries.

scholarly journals Bulk Fatigue Induced by Surface Reconstruction in Layered Ni-Rich Oxide Cathodes for Liion Batteries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Xu ◽  
Katharina Marker ◽  
Juhan Lee ◽  
Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda ◽  
Philip J. Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Layered Cathode Materials ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Reconstructed Surface

<div><div><div><p>Ni-rich layered cathode materials are among the most promising candidates for high energy density Li-ion batteries. However, the low cobalt containing materials suffer from rapid degradation, the underlying mechanism of which is still poorly understood. We herein report a novel structure-drive degradation mechanism for the NMC811(LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) cathode, in which a proportion of the material exhibits a lowered accessible state-of-charge (SoC) at the end of charge after repetitive cycling, i.e. becomes fatigued. Ex-situ and operando long- duration high-resolution X-ray diffraction enabled by a laser-thinned coin cell design clearly shows the emergence of the fatigued phase and the increase in its population as the cycling progresses. We show that the fatigue degradation is a structure-driven process rather than originating solely due to kinetic limitations or inter-granular cracking. No bulk phase transformations or increase in Li/Ni antisite mixing were observed by diffraction; no significant change in the local structure or Li-ion mobility of the bulk were observed by 7Li solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Instead, we propose that the fatigue process is a result of the high interfacial lattice strain between the reconstructed surface and the bulk layered structure when the latter is at SoCs above a distinct threshold of ~75 %. This mechanism is expected to be universal to Ni-rich layer cathodes, and our findings provide a fundamental guide for designing effective approaches to mitigate such deleterious processes.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Correction: Resolving the degradation pathways of the O3-type layered oxide cathode surface through the nano-scale aluminum oxide coating for high-energy density sodium-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3754-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Yeon Hwang ◽  
Seung-Taek Myung ◽  
Ji Ung Choi ◽  
Chong Seung Yoon ◽  
Hitoshi Yashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Oxide Cathode

Correction for ‘Resolving the degradation pathways of the O3-type layered oxide cathode surface through the nano-scale aluminum oxide coating for high-energy density sodium-ion batteries’ by Jang-Yeon Hwang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 23671–23680.

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