scholarly journals Stochastic Optimization of Microgrid Participating Day-Ahead Market Operation Strategy with Consideration of Energy Storage System and Demand Response

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiru Zhao ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Bingkang Li ◽  
Xuejie Wang ◽  
Shiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
High Price ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Response Cost ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Operation Cost

More and more attention has been paid to the development of renewable energy in the world. Microgrids with flexible regulation abilities provide an effective way to solve the problem of renewable energy connected to power grids. In this article, an optimization strategy of a microgrid participating in day-ahead market operations considering demand responses is proposed, where the uncertainties of distributed renewable energy generation, electrical load, and day-ahead market prices are taken into account. The results show that, when the microgrid implements the demand response, the operation cost of the microgrid decreases by 4.17%. Meanwhile, the demand response program can transfer the peak load of the high-price period to the low-price period, which reduces the peak valley difference of the load and stabilizes the load curve. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of three factors is carried out, finding that, with the increase of the demand response adjustable ratio or the maximum capacity of the electrical storage devices, the operation cost of the microgrid decreases, while, with the increase of the demand response cost, the operation cost of the microgrid increases and, finally, tends to the cost without the demand response. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the demand response cost has a reasonable pricing range to maximize the value of the demand response.

scholarly journals Adequacy Assessment of Wind Integrated Generating Systems Incorporating Demand Response and Battery Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiashen Teh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Generating System

The demand response and battery energy storage system (BESS) will play a key role in the future of low carbon networks, coupled with new developments of battery technology driven mainly by the integration of renewable energy sources. However, studies that investigate the impacts of BESS and its demand response on the adequacy of a power supply are lacking. Thus, a need exists to address this important gap. Hence, this paper investigates the adequacy of a generating system that is highly integrated with wind power in meeting load demand. In adequacy studies, the impacts of demand response and battery energy storage system are considered. The demand response program is applied using the peak clipping and valley filling techniques at various percentages of the peak load. Three practical strategies of the BESS operation model are described in this paper, and all their impacts on the adequacy of the generating system are evaluated. The reliability impacts of various wind penetration levels on the generating system are also explored. Finally, different charging and discharging rates and capacities of the BESS are considered when evaluating their impacts on the adequacy of the generating system.

scholarly journals Potential and Feasibility Study of Hybrid Wind–Hydroelectric Power System with Water-Pumping Storage: Jordan as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3332
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Addous ◽  
Sahil Al Hmidan ◽  
Mustafa Jaradat ◽  
Emil Alasis ◽  
Nesrine Barbana
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Water Pumping

Periodic daily fluctuating demand for energy and power is a perceptible phenomenon, resulting in some moments of low demand for power and energy related to the huge energy comes from renewable energy systems, and some moments of peak load demand. This phenomenon, when combined with the non-stationary operation of huge capacity of renewable energy systems, results in no stability of voltage and frequency. To assure continuous network stability and to avoid energy losses from renewable energy systems that are subject to such control system, a hybrid system with energy–power storage in the form of pumped-hydro storage is considered the most suitable technically. This paper presents the design, modeling, analysis, and feasibility study of a hybrid wind and water-pumping storage system. The system was designed and analyzed for King Talal Dam (KTD), which is in Northern Jordan. The importance of this study is that it is directed mainly to Jordan and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in general. The Jordanian renewable energy market is a promising arena that encourages developers, investors, engineers, and companies to develop and install pure renewable energy systems and renewable energy hybrid projects for the generation of electricity. The analysis of wind data is carried out using the “windfarm” software with 5.16 m/s as average wind speed. It is followed by the design of the hybrid system, which is simulated for a daily operation of 2–3 h as peak load hours. Based on the technical outcomes, cost study and feasibility analyses are carried out with Jordanian market prices. The total estimated annual energy production is 26,663,933 kWh from 10 MW wind farm and 5.2 MW pumping storage system. The aforementioned studies showed that a similar hybrid system is not always fully commercially feasible. However, a pure pumped-storage system proved to be technically feasible and assisting the grid. The whole project analysis determines that such a system boosts the operational stability of the grid, increases the penetration of renewable energy systems and reduces the energy import. In addition, 15,100,000 tons of CO2-equivalent is estimated as annual emissions reduction in this study.

scholarly journals Capacity Design and Cost Analysis of Converged Renewable Energy Resources by Considering Base Load Conditions in Residential and Industrial Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7822
Author(s):  
Sang Hun Lee ◽  
Wonbin Lee ◽  
Jin Hee Hyun ◽  
Byeong Gwan Bhang ◽  
Jinho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Base Load

In this paper, a design technique for constructing a renewable-energy-based power system based on a customer’s power load is proposed. The proposed design technique adopts a second renewable energy power source in charge of the base load and is an improved method of the referenced studies with one type of renewable energy power source. In this proposed method, fuel cells are adopted as the base power source, and PV (photovoltaic) power generation and an ESS (energy storage system) are adopted as the power generation sources that supply the middle-load and peak-load power. When the fuel cell is applied as a base power source through the method designed in this study, a cost reduction of approximately 30.03% is expected, compared to a system that does not use a base power source. In addition, the criteria for securing a system’s power supply stability and the economics when fuel cells are adopted are analyzed in terms of the system’s installation cost.

scholarly journals Intelligent Dynamic Pricing Scheme for Demand Response in Brazil Considering the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4839
Author(s):  
Diego B. Vilar ◽  
Carolina M. Affonso
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Improve Algorithm

This paper proposes a novel dynamic pricing scheme for demand response with individualized tariffs by consumption profile, aiming to benefit both customers and utility. The proposed method is based on the genetic algorithm, and a novel operator called mutagenic agent is proposed to improve algorithm performance. The demand response model is set by using price elasticity theory, and simulations are conducted based on elasticity, demand, and photovoltaic generation data from Brazil. Results are evaluated considering the integration effects of renewable energy sources and compared with other two pricing strategies currently adopted by Brazilian utilities: flat tariff and time-of-use tariff. Simulation results show the proposed dynamic tariff brings benefits to both utilities and consumers. It reduces the peak load and average cost of electricity and increases utility profit and load factor without the undesirable rebound effect.

scholarly journals Flexibility Control in Autonomous Demand Response by Optimal Power Tracking

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Klaus Rheinberger ◽  
Peter Kepplinger ◽  
Markus Preißinger
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Price Signals ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Production

In the regime of incentive-based autonomous demand response, time dependent prices are typically used to serve as signals from a system operator to consumers. However, this approach has been shown to be problematic from various perspectives. We clarify these shortcomings in a geometric way and thereby motivate the use of power signals instead of price signals. The main contribution of this paper consists of demonstrating in a standard setting that power tracking signals can control flexibilities more efficiently than real-time price signals. For comparison by simulation, German renewable energy production and German standard load profiles are used for daily production and demand profiles, respectively. As for flexibility, an energy storage system with realistic efficiencies is considered. Most critically, the new approach is able to induce consumptions on the demand side that real-time pricing is unable to induce. Moreover, the pricing approach is outperformed with regards to imbalance energy, peak consumption, storage variation, and storage losses without the need for additional communication or computation efforts. It is further shown that the advantages of the optimal power tracking approach compared to the pricing approach increase with the extent of the flexibility. The results indicate that autonomous flexibility control by optimal power tracking is able to integrate renewable energy production efficiently, has additional benefits, and the potential for enhancements. The latter include data uncertainties, systems of flexibilities, and economic implementation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Challenges Due to Changes in Net Load Curve in South Korea by Integrating DERs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Chi-Yeon Kim ◽  
Chae-Rin Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Kim ◽  
Soo-Hwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Load Pattern ◽  
Net Load

The development of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is essential in accordance with the mandatory greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction policies, resulting in many DERs being integrated into the power system. Currently, South Korea is also focusing on increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and EV by 2030 to reduce GHGs. However, indiscriminate DER development can give a negative impact on the operation of existing power systems. The existing power system operation is optimized for the hourly net load pattern, but the integration of DERs changes it. In addition, since ToU (Time-of-Use) tariff and Demand Response (DR) programs are very sensitive to changes in the net load curve, it is essential to predict the hourly net load pattern accurately for the modification of pricing and demand response programs in the future. However, a long-term demand forecast in South Korea provides only the total amount of annual load (TWh) and the expected peak load level (GW) in summer and winter seasons until 2030. In this study, we use the annual photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, PV generation, and the number of EV based on the target values for 2030 in South Korea to predict the change in hourly net load curve by year and season. In addition, to predict the EV charging load curve based on Monte Carlo simulation, the EV users’ charging method, charging start time, and State-of-Charge (SoC) were considered. Finally, we analyze the change in hourly net load curve due to the integration of PV and EV to determine the amplification of the duck curve and peak load time by year and season, and present the risks caused by indiscriminate DERs development.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of Demand Side Management Considering Interruptible Load and Renewable Energy Integration: A Case Study of Freetown Sierra Leone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Conteh ◽  
Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy ◽  
Kiptoo Mark Kipngetich ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Paras Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
The Impact

Like in most developing countries, meeting the load demand and reduction in transmission grid bottlenecks remains a significant challenge for the power sector in Sierra Leone. In recent years, research attention has shifted to demand response (DR) programs geared towards improving the supply availability and quality of energy markets in developed countries. However, very few studies have discussed the implementation of suitable DR programs for developing countries, especially when utilizing renewable energy (RE) resources. In this paper, using the Freetown’s peak load demand data and the price elasticity concept, the interruptible demand response (DR) program has been considered for maximum demand index (MDI) customers. Economic analysis of the energy consumption, customer incentives, benefits, penalties and the impact on the load demand are analyzed, with optimally designed energy management for grid-integrated battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV)-hybrid system using the genetic algorithm (GA). Five scenarios are considered to confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme. The results show the economic superiority of the proposed DR program’s approach for both customers and supplier benefits. Moreover, RE inclusion proved to be a practical approach over the project lifespan, compared to the diesel generation alternative.

scholarly journals An Optimal Energy Optimization Strategy for Smart Grid Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Programs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5718
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Taimoor Ahmad Khan ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Sadaqat Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Demand Response Programs ◽  
Operation Cost

An energy optimization strategy is proposed to minimize operation cost and carbon emission with and without demand response programs (DRPs) in the smart grid (SG) integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs). To achieve optimized results, probability density function (PDF) is proposed to predict the behavior of wind and solar energy sources. To overcome uncertainty in power produced by wind and solar RESs, DRPs are proposed with the involvement of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In this model, to execute DRPs, we introduced incentive-based payment as price offered packages. Simulations are divided into three steps for optimization of operation cost and carbon emission: (i) solving optimization problem using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), (ii) optimization of operating cost and carbon emission without DRPs, and (iii) optimization of operating cost and carbon emission with DRPs. To endorse the applicability of the proposed optimization model based on MOGA, a smart sample grid is employed serving residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In addition, the proposed optimization model based on MOGA is compared to the existing model based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm in terms of operation cost and carbon emission. The proposed optimization model based on MOGA outperforms the existing model based on the MOPSO algorithm in terms of operation cost and carbon emission. Experimental results show that the operation cost and carbon emission are reduced by 24% and 28% through MOGA with and without the participation of DRPs, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimal Economic Operation of Islanded Microgrid by Using a Modified PSO Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Ma ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Zhuoli Zhao ◽  
Yuewu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Dynamic Optimization ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Islanded Microgrid

An optimal economic operation method is presented to attain a joint-optimization of cost reduction and operation strategy for islanded microgrid, which includes renewable energy source, the diesel generator, and battery storage system. The optimization objective is to minimize the overall generating cost involving depreciation cost, operation cost, emission cost, and economic subsidy available for renewable energy source, while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. A novel dynamic optimization process is proposed based on two different operation control modes where diesel generator or battery storage acts as the master unit to maintain the system frequency and voltage stability, and a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to get faster solution to the practical economic operation problem of islanded microgrid. With the example system of an actual islanded microgrid in Dongao Island, China, the proposed models, dynamic optimization strategy, and solution algorithm are verified and the influences of different operation strategies and optimization algorithms on the economic operation are discussed. The results achieved demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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