scholarly journals O-Band and C/L-Band III-V Quantum Dot Lasers Monolithically Grown on Ge and Si Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Feng ◽  
Wenqi Wei ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Hailing Wang ◽  
Jianhuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Thermal Cracks ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
L Band ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Laser Devices

Direct epitaxial growth of III-V heterostructure on CMOS-compatible silicon wafer offers substantial manufacturing cost and scalability advantages. Quantum dot (QD) devices are less sensitive to defect and temperature, which makes epitaxially grown III-V QD lasers on Si one of the most promising technologies for achieving low-cost, scalable integration with silicon photonics. The major challenges are that heteroepitaxial growth of III-V materials on Si normally encounters high densities of mismatch dislocations, antiphase boundaries and thermal cracks, which limit the device performance and lifetime. This paper reviews some of the recent developments on hybrid InAs/GaAs QD growth on Ge substrates and highly uniform (111)-faceted hollow Si (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By implementing step-graded epitaxial growth techniques, the emission wavelength can be tuned into either an O band or C/L band. Furthermore, microcavity QD laser devices are fabricated and characterized. The epitaxially grown III-V/IV hybrid platform paves the way to provide a promising approach for future on-chip silicon photonic integration.

scholarly journals Quantum Dot-sensitized Solar Cells: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Bhambhani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Analogous Structure ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) has an analogous structure and working principle to the dye sensitizer solar cell (DSSC). It has drawn great attention due to its unique features, like multiple exciton generation (MEG), simple fabrication and low cost. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of QDSSC is lower than that of DSSC. To increase the PCE of QDSSC, it is required to develop new types of working electrodes, sensitizers, counter electrodes and electrolytes. This review highlights recent developments in QDSSCs and their key components, including the photoanode, sensitizer, electrolyte and counter electrode.

Integration of Low Dielectric Constant Materials in Advanced Aluminum and Copper Interconnects

1999 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Maureen Brongo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Interconnects ◽  
Low Dielectric Constant ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Interconnect Systems

AbstractAdvanced on-chip interconnects using new materials and new integration architectures are necessary for current and future IC chips in order to meet the requirements in performance, reliability and manufacturing cost. Insulating materials with low dielectric constant (low-κ) and conductive materials with low-resistivity have drawn significant attention for their possible applications in IC interconnects. Dual damascene interconnect integration architectures not only offer process simplification and low cost, but also enable the use of low-resistive Cu for interconnect wiring. Use of low-κ materials in dual damascene architecture is challenging due to material and processing issues. In this paper, the evolution of advanced interconnects, materials and technology options, and some recent achievements in advanced interconnect systems of low-κ dielectric and dual damascene architectures for both Al and Cu metallization are reviewed and discussed.

Integration of Low Dielectric Constant Materials in Advanced Aluminum and Copper Interconnects

1999 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Maureen Brongo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Interconnects ◽  
Low Dielectric Constant ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Interconnect Systems

AbstractAdvanced on-chip interconnects using new materials and new integration architectures are necessary for current and future IC chips in order to meet the requirements in performance, reliability and manufacturing cost. Insulating materials with low dielectric constant (low-κ) and conductive materials with low-resistivity have drawn significant attention for their possible applications in IC interconnects. Dual damascene interconnect integration architectures not only offer process simplification and low cost, but also enable the use of low-resistive Cu for interconnect wiring. Use of low-κ materials in dual damascene architecture is challenging due to material and processing issues. In this paper, the evolution of advanced interconnects, materials and technology options, and some recent achievements in advanced interconnect systems of low-κ dielectric and dual damascene architectures for both Al and Cu metallization are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Device for a Biosensor †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Prada ◽  
Christina Cordes ◽  
Carsten Harms ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Auto Fluorescence

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a microfluidic device implemented as a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval was carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater, whose function was characterized at different working parameters. Carbon resistive temperature sensors were tested, characterized and printed on the biochip sealing film to monitor the heating process. Off-chip and on-chip processed RNA were hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification was achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials proved to allow the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the integration potential of fully thermoplastic devices in biosensor systems.

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

scholarly journals Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Susana Campuzano ◽  
Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño ◽  
José Manuel Pingarrón
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Cancer Diseases

The multifaceted key roles of cytokines in immunity and inflammatory processes have led to a high clinical interest for the determination of these biomolecules to be used as a tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of several diseases of great current relevance (autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes). Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of cytokine biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues has attracted considerable attention. However, many currently available techniques used for this purpose, although sensitive and selective, require expensive equipment and advanced human skills and do not meet the demands of today’s clinic in terms of test time, simplicity and point-of-care applicability. In the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical methodologies, electrochemical biosensing is steadily gaining ground as a strategy suitable to develop simple, low-cost methods, with the ability for multiplexed and multiomics determinations in a short time and requiring a small amount of sample. This review article puts forward electrochemical biosensing methods reported in the last five years for the determination of cytokines, summarizes recent developments and trends through a comprehensive discussion of selected strategies, and highlights the challenges to solve in this field. Considering the key role demonstrated in the last years by different materials (with nano or micrometric size and with or without magnetic properties), in the design of analytical performance-enhanced electrochemical biosensing strategies, special attention is paid to the methods exploiting these approaches.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Qingzhao Wu ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Naiqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Weak Charge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost. However, Sb-based anodes have the drawbacks of large volume changes and weak charge transfer during the charge and discharge processes, thus leading to poor cycling and rapid capacity decay. To address such drawbacks, many strategies and a variety of Sb-based materials have been developed in recent years. This review systematically introduces the recent research progress of a variety of Sb-based anodes for SIBs and PIBs from the perspective of composition selection, preparation technologies, structural characteristics, and energy storage behaviors. Moreover, corresponding examples are presented to illustrate the advantages or disadvantages of these anodes. Finally, we summarize the challenges of the development of Sb-based materials for Na/K-ion batteries and propose potential research directions for their further development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document