scholarly journals Evaluation of Cement Performance Using Industrial Byproducts Such as Nano MgO and Fly Ash from Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11601
Author(s):  
Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou ◽  
Aikaterini Rogkala ◽  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
Maria Kalpogiannaki ◽  
Petros Petrounias
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Industrial Byproducts

The need for environmentally friendly construction materials is growing more and more these days. This paper investigates byproducts from Greece, such as magnesite tailings from Evoia and fly ash from Kardia (Ptolemais), in order to evaluate their suitability as cement additives. For this purpose, the raw materials were tested and studied regarding their mineralogical and chemical components for their morphological characteristics. Different cement specimens of various mixtures of raw materials were produced and tested. These raw materials are considered suitable for cement additives. The effect of nano MgO content seems to have played a more critical role in the physicomechanical performance of produced cement compared to that of the fly ash content. Furthermore, more satisfactory results in the physicomechanical properties of the produced cement gave samples of group II containing 3–4% of nano MgO. Nano MgO content up to 4% seems to have negative influence on the compressive strength of the produced cement, simultaneously reducing its durability. The increase of nano MgO content leads to the increase of the expansion of the produced cement specimens. In the early stage, the expansion rate was intensively larger. With the consumption of nano MgO, the expansion in the later stage gradually slowed down and tended to stabilize.

Development of New Geopolymer-Based System for Challenging Well Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Humairah Abd Rahman ◽  
Anatoly Medvedev ◽  
Andrey Yakovlev ◽  
Yon Azwa Sazali ◽  
Bipin Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Screening Methods

Abstract With the development of new oil formations and with the advent of new directions in the global energy sector, new requirements for materials for well construction appear. With the close attention to environmental footprint and unique properties, one of the promising materials for well cementing is geopolymers. Being a relatively new material, they are characterized by low carbon footprint, high acid resistance and attractive mechanical properties. This article is aimed at developing new geopolymer slurries for the oil industry, their characterization and field implementation analysis. With the ultimate goal of developing a methodology for the analysis of raw materials and designing the geopolymer slurries, studies were carried out on various raw materials, including different types of fly ash. Based on the data obtained and rapid screening methods, an approach was developed to formulate a geopolymer composition recipe. Since not all cement additives directly work in geopolymers, special attention was paid to control the thickening time and fluid loss. The methods of XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, density, particle size distribution measurements as well as API methods of cement testing were used to understand the composition and structure of the materials obtained, their properties and design limitations. A special approach was applied to study the acid resistance of the materials obtained and to compare with conventional cements and slags. Using one of the most common sources of aluminosilicate, fly ash, formulations with a density of 13.5 – 16.5 lbm/galUS were tested. A sensitivity analysis showed that the type of activator and its composition play a critical role both in the mechanical properties of the final product and in the solidification time and rheological properties of the product. The use of several samples of fly ash, significantly different in composition, made it possible to formulate the basic rules for the design of geopolymers for the oil industry. An analysis was also carried out on 10 different agents for filtration and 7 moderators to find a working formulation for the temperature range up to 100°C. The samples were systematically examined for changes in composition, strength, and acid resistance was previously measured. Despite the emergence of examples of the use of geopolymers in the construction industry and examples of laboratory testing of geopolymers for the oil industry, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no evidence of pumping geopolymers into a well. Our work is an attempt to develop an adaptation of the construction industry knowledge to the unique high pressure, high temperature conditions of the oil and gas industry. The ambitions of this work go far beyond the laboratory tests and involve yard test experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological Potential of Fly Ash and Recycled Concrete Aggregates Use in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rodrigues ◽  
José D. Silvestre ◽  
Inês Flores-Colen ◽  
Cristina A. Viegas ◽  
Hawreen H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Natural Aggregates

This study applies a methodology to evaluate the ecotoxicological potential of raw materials and cement-based construction materials. In this study, natural aggregates and Portland cement were replaced with non-conventional recycled concrete aggregates (RA) and fly ash (FA), respectively, in the production of two concrete products alternative to conventional concrete (used as reference). The experimental program involved assessing both the chemical properties (non-metallic and metallic parameters) and ecotoxicity data (battery of tests with the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) of eluates obtained from leaching tests of RA, FA, and the three concrete mixes. Even though the results indicated that RA and FA have the ability to release some chemicals into the water and induce its alkalinisation, the respective eluate samples presented no or low levels of potential ecotoxicity. However, eluates from concrete mixes produced with a replacement ratio of Portland cement with 60% of FA and 100% of natural aggregates and produced with 60% of FA and 100% of RA were classified as clearly ecotoxic mainly towards Daphnia magna mobility. Therefore, raw materials with weak evidences of ecotoxicity could lead to the production of concrete products with high ecotoxicological potential. Overall, the results obtained highlight the importance of integrating data from the chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of materials’ eluate samples aiming to assess the possible environmental risk of the construction materials, namely of incorporating non-conventional raw materials in concrete, and contributing to achieve construction sustainability.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Artificial Geopolymer Aggregates with Natural Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Abdullah ◽  
Ku Amirrul Rahman Ku Yin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mien Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregates with natural aggregate (rock) in term of its impact strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The raw materials used were fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and natural aggregate. After the artificial geopolymer aggregate has been produced, its water absorption, specific gravity and aggregate impact test has been done. All results obtained were compared to natural aggregate. The result shows that the fly ash geopolymer aggregate are lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value for fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate slightly high compared to natural aggregate while it has high water absorption value compared to natural aggregate. As conclusion, the fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate can be used as one of the construction materials in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks Using Foaming Agent - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Development

Bricks are widely used as a construction and building material due to its properties. Recent years have seen a great development in new types of inorganic cementitious binders called ‘‘geopolymeric cement’’ around the world. This prompted its use in bricks, which improves the greenness of ordinary bricks. The development of fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight bricks is relatively new in the field of construction materials. This paper reviews the uses of fly ash as a raw materials and addition of foaming agent to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight bricks. The effects on their physical and mechanical properties have been discussed. Most manufactured bricks with incorporation of foaming agent have shown positive effects by producing lightweight bricks, increased porosity and improved the thermal conductivities of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. However, less of performances in number of cases in terms of mechanical properties were also demonstrated.

Rapid Determination of the Fly Ash Content of Construction Materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Hooton ◽  
SM Schlorholtz ◽  
W Dubberke
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ash Content

Experimental Study on Carbonation Resistance of Ready-Mixed Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Song Zhu ◽  
Ya Li Sun ◽  
Yue Feng Zhu ◽  
Dan Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Carbonation Resistance

By means of accelerated carbonation tests, the carbonation resistance of concrete in relation to the variation of water-cement ratio, fly ash content and curing conditions is studied in this article. The results show that under the standard curing conditions, with the fly ash content of 20%, in response to different water-cement ratio, the carbonation depth of concrete and the water-cement ratio are presented more or less in a linear relationship. At the water-cement ratio of 0.40, there is hardly any carbonation effect onto the concrete. However, at the ratio of bigger than 0.60, the carbonation depth of concrete increases in a speedy way. Under the standard curing conditions, at the water-cement ratio of 0.55, with the fly ash content of lower than or equal to 30%, the carbonation resistance of concrete is good enough to fulfill the design criteria of 50~100 years for service life of important and general buildings, while the compressive strength declines by less than 10%. But under the condition of 1d curing with retention of moisture followed by curing in the air until 28d, with no fly ash content, the carbonation depth of concrete has reached 35mm, which fails to fulfill the design criteria of 50 years for service life of general buildings. It is therefore concluded that the control of water-cement ratio, the control of fly ash content, and the sufficient curing with retention of moisture in early stage are all the essential factors to ensure the durability against carbonation for the concrete with fly ash content.

scholarly journals KOMPONEN KIMIA KAYU TRUBUSAN JATI UNGGUL NUSANTARA (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) PADA BAGIAN PANGKAL, TENGAH DAN UJUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Fathia Maulida ◽  
Kustin Bintani Meiganati ◽  
Mamay Maslahat
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Teak Wood

Chemical Component of Copies Superior Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f)in Base, Center and Edge StemTeak (Tectona grandis, Linn. f) is one of the plants that is able to make a real contribution in providing wood raw materials in the timber industry. The limited availability of quality teak wood on the market so that the craftsmen use superior teak wood. The amount of the superior teak wood has not been known yet. Therefore, a study was carried out on the level of wood chemical components of five-year-old superior teak wood based on the height of the stem (base, middle and end), so that the suitability of wood usage can be known. Based on the results of the study the levels of chemical components in wood superior teak of age five years, the highest levels of extractive substances found at the end of the stem by 8.56%, the highest percentage of levels of holocellulose and cellulose found in the middle part of the stem with a content of 63.95% and 39.99%, the percentage of hemicellulose content 29.66% and the highest percentage of lignin content found in the base part with levels of 30.52%. This superior teak wood can be used as construction materials such as plywood, woodworking wood, lamina wood and artificial boards.Keyword: Tectona grandis, Thrubus, Extractive Subtances, Holocellulose, Cellulose, Lignin.ABSTRAKTanaman Jati (Tectona grandis, Linn. f) merupakan tanaman yang berkontribusi di bidang industri perkayuan. Terbatasnya ketersediaan kayu jati berkualitas di pasaran mengakibatkan industri perkayuan menggunakan kayu jati unggul. Kayu trubusan jati unggul tersebut belum diketahui bagaimana komponen kimianya. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai kadar komponen kimia kayu trubusan jati unggul yang berumur lima tahun berdasarkan ketinggian batang (pangkal, tengah dan ujung), sehingga dapat diketahui kesesuaian penggunaan kayu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kadar komponen kimia pada kayu trubusan jati unggul umur lima tahun, rata-rata kadar zat ekstraktif tertinggi terdapat pada bagian ujung batang sebesar 8,56%, persentase tertinggi kadar holoselulosa dan selulosa terdapat pada bagian tengah batang dengan kadar 63,95% dan 39,99%, persentase kadar hemiselulosa 29,66%, dan persentase tertinggi kadar lignin terdapat pada bagian pangkal dengan kadar 30,52%. Kayu trubusan jati unggul ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi seperti kayu lapis, kayu pertukangan, kayu lamina dan papan buatan.Kata Kunci: Tectona grandis, Thrubus, Zat Ekstraktif, Holoselulosa, Selulosa, Lignin.

Fundamentals of Geopolymers and Related Alkali Activated Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Temuujin ◽  
A. Minjigmaa ◽  
U. Bayarzul ◽  
Ts. Zolzaya ◽  
B. Davaabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Sustainable Usage ◽  
By Products ◽  
Alkali Activated

With the increasing rate of depletion of natural raw materials for production of building materials, their sustainable usage is clearly an important topic for consideration. For instance, 1 tonne ordinary Portland cement (OPC) requires 1.7 tonnes of raw materials, 1.0 tonne of coal and 100 kWh of electricity. One tonne of cement emits 0.8 - 1 tonne of CO2 into atmosphere globally contributing ~5% of total manmade carbon dioxide. Therefore, the development of new, sustainable, low carbon footprint construction materials is an important task for materials scientists and civil engineers. One type of binder that is attracting particular attention around the world is alkali-aluminosilicate chemistry based material the so-called geopolymers. In this presentation we will discuss the fundamentals of geopolymer chemistry and the similarities to and differences from conventional alkali activated materials chemistry. Particular attention will be given to our latest results on the preparation of geopolymer type paste and concrete from fly ash. Mechanical activation of fly ash caused a decrease in porosity with a partial amorphisation of the crystalline constituents. Geopolymer type paste prepared from 30 minute milled Darkhan pond ash showed increase in 7 day compressive strengths by 7 times reaching of 15.4 (4.6) MPa. Keywords: Geopolymer binder, alkali-activated materials, coal combustion by products

Effect of Large Amount of Fly Ash on Hydration Process of Portland Cement at the Early Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2305-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Jun Ding ◽  
Ji Yu Han ◽  
Xiu Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Hydration Process ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio

In this article, through the measurements on neat cement paste strength and heat of hydration at the early stage and using several analytical methods including XRD and SEM, effect of large amount of fly ash on the hydration process and cement's hardening mechanism of portland cement was studied when water to binder ratio is 0.35 and fly ash content is between 20% and 50%.The research outcomes find that the pozzolanic activities of fly ash are not good at the early stage.The more the content of fly ash was, the bigger the effect on strength would be.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bertino ◽  
Johannes Kisser ◽  
Julia Zeilinger ◽  
Guenter Langergraber ◽  
Tatjana Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Building Components

The construction industry is one of the most environmentally detrimental industries in the world, impacting directly the use of raw materials, their determination of use involving the whole lifecycle, as well as all their surrounding environment. However, within the building sector, the transition from a linear to a circular economy is still at an early stage. Business models need to be reconsidered to include new and improved methods and innovative services that could lead to a net reduction in the use of resources and minimizing the waste disposed on landfills. In this context, an important role in buildings’ circularity is “deconstruction”, which is understood as a well-considered selective dismantlement of building components, in prevision of a future reuse, repurposing, or recycling. It represents a sustainable alternative to common demolition, which tends to be an arbitrary and destructive process, and although faster and cheaper, it typically creates a substantial amount of waste. The purpose of this article is to analyze the deconstruction potential of buildings and the strategies to apply in order to keep the impacts on the urban environment low. The article aims to facilitate the implementation of circular economy strategies for buildings by proposing common principles for deconstruction as a sustainable alternative to demolition and defining the key points to be applied during the design and planning process regardless of the type of construction system or material used.

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