scholarly journals Vermicomposting: A Valorization Alternative for Corn Cob Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5692
Author(s):  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Cipriano Sánchez-Noguez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Feasible Alternative

As vermicomposting has become a viable alternative for the valorization of organic waste; the objectives of this research were to (1) assess the feasibility of said process for corn cob waste (corn cobs and corn husks) and (2) evaluate the operation conditions for the biodegradation of different mixtures with load material (LM). LM did not include animal excreta as a nitrogen source, a practice widely used in a range of studies. The experiment consisted of an initial phase of pre-composting in order to obtain a partially stabilized substrate. Subsequently, four separate mixtures were made consisting of corn cob waste mixed with consistent load material (LM) containing vegetable waste and eggshells (CR, M1, M2, M3) to obtain a balance substrate able to facilitate degradation using Eisenia fetida earthworms. The following parameters were analyzed during the control process: temperature, pH, humidity, organic material (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The analysis of the final values of the stabilized mixtures showed that vermicomposting is indeed a feasible alternative for the degradation of corn cob waste for use as a soil improver.

scholarly journals Vertical In-Vessel Composter for Stabilization of Market Vegetable Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Seeding Material

Composting can be one of the solutions to tackle the issue of handling solid waste. In the present research work, a bench-scale vertical in-vessel aerobic composter was designed to stabilize the Devaraja market vegetable waste, Mysore using horse dung and plantain leaves as seeding material and bulking agent respectively. On average, Devaraja market generate 4.8-5.6 ton per day. Mix proportion of organic waste, bulking and seeding materials fed into composter was in the ratio of 5: 1: 0.5. Initial and variation in physico-chemical characteristics of waste were monitored during the composting period. The initial concentration of total nitrogen, phosphorous, total organic carbon and C/N ratio which was found to be 1.67%, 0.78%, 1.93%, 43.5% and 26 showed a variation of 2.4%, 1.1%, 2% 29% and 15 respectively at the end of 21 days of composting.

scholarly journals Valorization of Orange Peel Waste Using Precomposting and Vermicomposting Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7626
Author(s):  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Laura Elena Morales-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Orange Peel Waste ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Time Required

The industrialization process of oranges generates waste, which is inadequately disposed of; this produces adverse effects on the environment. Among the alternatives for valorization is the vermicomposting process, which consists of the degradation of organic waste through the action of earthworms and microorganisms. Therefore, this research aimed to study this process using orange peel (OP) waste at the laboratory level. For this purpose, it was necessary to determine the degradation conditions through the monitoring of physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, humidity, organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio). To balance the substrate’s nutrients, load material (LM) that included vegetable waste and eggshells was added to three different mixtures: M1 (50% OP + 50% LM), M2 (40% OP + 60% LM) and M3 (60% OP + 40% LM). To condition the substrate for earthworm (Eisenia fetida) activity, a previous precomposting process was performed. The results showed that all the mixtures fulfilled the requirements for a quality and mature vermicompost; however, the highest concentrations for TN were in the mixtures M1 and M2. The total time required for degradation of the OP waste was 13 weeks.

scholarly journals Pre-Composting and Vermicomposting of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) and Vegetable Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Marcela Patricia Sánchez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
High Production

In the last few years, pineapple (Ananas comosus) has grown to be considered one of the most important fruits worldwide due to its high production and consumption. However, inadequate disposal of the waste it generates, which represents up to 67% of its total weight, can have environmental impacts. Therefore, this study focuses on the degradation of organic waste produced in the industrialized processing of pineapple waste (rinds, crowns and cores), which undergo a process of vermicomposting at a laboratory level. The methodology used included the pre-composting process and vermicomposting through Californian red worms using mixes tested in three different proportions of pineapple waste (PR) and load material (LM) made up of vegetable waste and eggshells. Testing revealed that the pre-composting process for this waste was feasible as a first stage of the degradation process; the characteristics of the pre-composted material allowed a favorable adaptation for both the worms and general degradation. It also showed efficiencies in the removal of organic carbon between 36.40% and 45.78%. Results also showed the total nitrogen content remained between 1.2% and 2.2% and the carbon/nitrogen relation (C/N) had values under 20 as required for high-quality vermicompost.

scholarly journals Effects of Vermireactor Modifications on the Welfare of Earthworms Eisenia fetida (Sav.) and Properties of Vermicomposts

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pączka ◽  
Anna Mazur-Pączka ◽  
Mariola Garczyńska ◽  
Joanna Kostecka ◽  
Kevin R. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Earthworm Populations ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Vermicomposting is a method that allows for the environmentally friendly management of plant organic waste through the activity of concentrated earthworm populations. As a result of an appropriately conducted process, it is possible to obtain a valuable organic fertilizer, abundant in nutrients for plants as well as the development of a favorable (qualitatively and quantitatively) earthworm population structure. This paper presents the results of the vermicomposting process of waste plant mass with the use of vermireactors with different designs. In conventional no protective substrate (NPS) vermireactors, plant waste was the only habitat for earthworms, whilst protective substrate (PS) vermireactors also had a medium to shield the earthworm population in the event of the accidental introduction of toxic waste to these invertebrates. A positive effect of the PS vermireactor construction in the protection of an earthworm population against the potential use of stressful waste was found, as populations of Eisenia fetida were monitored and the development was noted during the vermicomposting with both methods. The largest differences between the populations (PS vs. NPS vermireactors) were demonstrated after 40 and 50 days and related to the number of immature animals (PS > NPS by 30.7%; p < 0.05) and cocoons (PS > NPS by 34.8%; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the PS and NPS in the biomass of immature E. fetida and cocoons. The vermicomposts obtained were not significantly different form each other but they were characterized by a higher content of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg compared to the initial waste biomass. Contents of Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in vermicomposts did not prevent their use as fertilizers.

Soil organic carbon storage and quality are impacted by corn cob biochar application on a tropical sandy loam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1960-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amoakwah ◽  
Emmanuel Arthur ◽  
Kwame A. Frimpong ◽  
Sanjai J. Parikh ◽  
Rafiq Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and nutrient content of some slow pyrolysis biochars produced from different feedstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Islam Piash ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

Six slow pyrolysis biochars viz. farmyard manure (FM), water hyacinth (WH), domestic organic waste (DW), quick compost (QC), corn cob (CC) and rice straw (RS) were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Biochar yielding capacity varied from 34 to 51%, depending on the used feedstock. Water hyacinth biochar exhibited the highest water holding capacity (495%), whereas corn cob biochar had the lowest (146%) regardless of its highest pore volume. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was found maximum among the plant derived biochars except corn cob. Rice straw biochar exhibited the least mean pore diameter while highest in domestic organic waste. All biochars possessed pH values more than 9. CEC of water hyacinth (WH) was highest, while lowest was in quick compost (QC) biochar. Smallest average particle size (0.54 ?m2) was exhibited by water hyacinth biochar. Organic carbon content ranged from 33 to 49%. Nutrient (N, P, K and S) status of biochar produced from domestic organic waste (DW) was found the maximum compared to the rest and corn cob (CC) biochar showed the lowest nutritional value.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 111-122, December-2016

scholarly journals Treatment of dairy waste by anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Abstract The results of anaerobic digestion (AD) of buttermilk (BM) and cheese whey (CW) with a digested sewage sludge as inoculum is described. The substrate/inoculum mixtures were prepared using 10% buttermilk and 15% cheese whey. The essential parameters of the materials were described, including: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), pH, conductivity, C/N ratio (the quantitative ratio of organic carbon (C) to nitrogen (N)), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD). The potential directions of biodegradation of the organic waste types, as used in this study, are also presented. Appropriate chemical reactions illustrate the substrates and products in each phase of anaerobic decomposition of the compounds that are present in buttermilk and cheese whey: lactic acid, lactose, fat, and casein. Moreover, the biogas and biomethane production rates are compared for the substrates used in the experiment. The results have shown that buttermilk in AD generates more biogas (743 m3/Mg VS), including methane (527 m3/Mg VS), when compared with cheese whey (600 m3/Mg VS, 338 m3/Mg VS for biogas and methane, respectively).

scholarly journals The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting

2019 ◽  
pp. 2426-2432
Author(s):  
Sayran Yousif Jalal ◽  
Nihal Suhail Hanna ◽  
Yahya Ahmed Shekha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Composting Process

     Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insects’ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 individuals, belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Diptera, class Insects. Diptera individuals were the most abundant insects with 95.4% of the total belonged to four families (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ulidiidae and Milichiidae). Coleoptera individuals represented 4.6% of the total number, belonging to three families (Promecheilidae, Staphylinidae and Salpingidae). The measured physicochemical characteristics of the compost included: pH, EC, moisture, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic matter. The pH value of the composts ranged from 7.79 to 7.97. Organic carbon content and organic matter content ranged from 20.16 to 26.99 % and 34.67 to 46.23 %, respectively. It can concluded that household waste compost is not just a waste but has the potential to be transformed into a good quality organic fertilizer through composting. Composting can convert solid organic waste into a valuable added material.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Wastes on Soil Organic Carbon and Surface Charge Properties in Primary Saline-alkali Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7088
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Jinggui Wu ◽  
Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Alkali Soils ◽  
Alkali Soil

High salinity and low fertility have restricted crop production in primary saline-alkali soils. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and surface charge characteristics affect the soil fertility and soil colloid characteristics of primary saline-alkali soils, respectively. In this paper, the SOC and surface charge properties of primary saline-alkaline soil under organic wastes applications were assessed. Five treatments were involved in this experiment: chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure (SM), corn straw (CS), fodder grass (FG), and granular corn straw (GS), while chemical fertilizer only was used as control (CK). The content of SOC was significantly different under different organic wastes application (p < 0.05). Treatment GS recorded the highest content of SOC compared with the other treatments. In addition, the content of each SOC density fraction increased after the application of organic wastes. Similarly, the application of organic wastes, increased the proportion of organic carbon in free light fraction (Fr-FLOC) and organic carbon in occluded fraction (Oc-FLOC) in the soil however the proportion of organic carbon in heavy fraction (HFOC) decreased. In this study, we found that treatment GS has a greater impact on soil surface charge properties than other treatments, and through redundancy analysis (RDA) the content of SOC and Fr-LFOC (F = 24.704, p = 0.004; F = 19.594, p = 0.002) were identified as the main factors affecting the surface charge properties of soil organic carbon. In conclusion, GS is the recommended organic waste for ameliorating primary saline-alkali soil, as compared to the other organic waste treatments.

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