scholarly journals Pre-Composting and Vermicomposting of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) and Vegetable Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Marcela Patricia Sánchez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
High Production

In the last few years, pineapple (Ananas comosus) has grown to be considered one of the most important fruits worldwide due to its high production and consumption. However, inadequate disposal of the waste it generates, which represents up to 67% of its total weight, can have environmental impacts. Therefore, this study focuses on the degradation of organic waste produced in the industrialized processing of pineapple waste (rinds, crowns and cores), which undergo a process of vermicomposting at a laboratory level. The methodology used included the pre-composting process and vermicomposting through Californian red worms using mixes tested in three different proportions of pineapple waste (PR) and load material (LM) made up of vegetable waste and eggshells. Testing revealed that the pre-composting process for this waste was feasible as a first stage of the degradation process; the characteristics of the pre-composted material allowed a favorable adaptation for both the worms and general degradation. It also showed efficiencies in the removal of organic carbon between 36.40% and 45.78%. Results also showed the total nitrogen content remained between 1.2% and 2.2% and the carbon/nitrogen relation (C/N) had values under 20 as required for high-quality vermicompost.

scholarly journals Vertical In-Vessel Composter for Stabilization of Market Vegetable Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Seeding Material

Composting can be one of the solutions to tackle the issue of handling solid waste. In the present research work, a bench-scale vertical in-vessel aerobic composter was designed to stabilize the Devaraja market vegetable waste, Mysore using horse dung and plantain leaves as seeding material and bulking agent respectively. On average, Devaraja market generate 4.8-5.6 ton per day. Mix proportion of organic waste, bulking and seeding materials fed into composter was in the ratio of 5: 1: 0.5. Initial and variation in physico-chemical characteristics of waste were monitored during the composting period. The initial concentration of total nitrogen, phosphorous, total organic carbon and C/N ratio which was found to be 1.67%, 0.78%, 1.93%, 43.5% and 26 showed a variation of 2.4%, 1.1%, 2% 29% and 15 respectively at the end of 21 days of composting.

scholarly journals The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting

2019 ◽  
pp. 2426-2432
Author(s):  
Sayran Yousif Jalal ◽  
Nihal Suhail Hanna ◽  
Yahya Ahmed Shekha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Composting Process

     Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insects’ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 individuals, belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Diptera, class Insects. Diptera individuals were the most abundant insects with 95.4% of the total belonged to four families (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ulidiidae and Milichiidae). Coleoptera individuals represented 4.6% of the total number, belonging to three families (Promecheilidae, Staphylinidae and Salpingidae). The measured physicochemical characteristics of the compost included: pH, EC, moisture, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic matter. The pH value of the composts ranged from 7.79 to 7.97. Organic carbon content and organic matter content ranged from 20.16 to 26.99 % and 34.67 to 46.23 %, respectively. It can concluded that household waste compost is not just a waste but has the potential to be transformed into a good quality organic fertilizer through composting. Composting can convert solid organic waste into a valuable added material.

Green Biological Transformation of Food and Yard Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F.M. Abushammala ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri ◽  
Shahrom Md Zain ◽  
Nur Fatin Mat Saad ◽  
Nurul Afida Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Biological Transformation

The composting of organic waste is an alternative waste management technique that can be used to control the increase in waste generation. The objective of this study was to identify a type of effective microbes (EMs) that accelerate the composting process. The study also determined the suitability of using a KompostKu rotary composter along with additional materials such as coconut husks and Takakura EMs for composting food waste from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), and determines the economic value of the compost. In order to select the most efficient EMs, Takakura and fruit waste EMs were prepared and used during the composting of both food and yard waste using a composter barrel. Four important parameters were examined to ensure the effectiveness of the process, including temperature, moisture content, potential of hydrogen (pH), and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The experimental results revealed that Takakura EMs were superior to the fruit waste EMs in accelerating the composting process. The use of coconut husks as an absorbing agent with Takakura EMs also accelerated the composting process, requiring approximately four weeks to fully decompose the food waste. It was estimated that the composting of food and landscape waste at the UKM could annually generate compost products worth over 30,660 Malaysian Ringgit (MYR). The use of Takakura EMs enhanced and accelerated the composting process and provided high-quality compost

scholarly journals Vermicomposting: A Valorization Alternative for Corn Cob Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5692
Author(s):  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Cipriano Sánchez-Noguez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Feasible Alternative

As vermicomposting has become a viable alternative for the valorization of organic waste; the objectives of this research were to (1) assess the feasibility of said process for corn cob waste (corn cobs and corn husks) and (2) evaluate the operation conditions for the biodegradation of different mixtures with load material (LM). LM did not include animal excreta as a nitrogen source, a practice widely used in a range of studies. The experiment consisted of an initial phase of pre-composting in order to obtain a partially stabilized substrate. Subsequently, four separate mixtures were made consisting of corn cob waste mixed with consistent load material (LM) containing vegetable waste and eggshells (CR, M1, M2, M3) to obtain a balance substrate able to facilitate degradation using Eisenia fetida earthworms. The following parameters were analyzed during the control process: temperature, pH, humidity, organic material (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The analysis of the final values of the stabilized mixtures showed that vermicomposting is indeed a feasible alternative for the degradation of corn cob waste for use as a soil improver.

scholarly journals Recycling of domestic organic waste with the use of composting and vermicomposting

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Valéria Pohlmann ◽  
Caren Alessandra da Rosa ◽  
Benjamin Dias Osório Filho ◽  
Rodrigo Sanchotene Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
World Population ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Acidity Index ◽  
Humic Compound ◽  
The Times ◽  
Organic Matter Recycling

The increase of the world population associated to the concentration of this population in urbanized environments has caused the growth of the production of residues of organic solids, that in most of the times are discarded in inadequate places that can pollute the environment. Another factor that is also related to population growth is the demand for more food, mainly agricultural products, which need different inputs, such as fertilizers to increase productivity. Given this context, it is essential to use technologies that allow the recycling of nutrients from organic waste, which have the potential to condition soils and fertilize agricultural crops. This work has the objective of evaluating two already consolidated technologies for recycling solid organic waste, such as composting and vermicomposting, implanted in compact systems. Among these feasible systems were evaluated the humic compounds and the slurries generated, the parameters being evaluated the assimilable phosphorus (P), the active acidity, organic matter and the organic carbon. The results obtained indicate that the vermicompost presents a higher production of humic compound and less of slurry in relation to the composting process, and that the humic compound produced in the composting process and the slurry produced by the vermicompost process have higher P indices, organic and organic carbon, in relation to their corresponding, and the acidity index was practically the same for the slurries and humic compounds produced in both organic matter recycling processes.

scholarly journals Composting of household organic waste: effect on control parameters and final compound quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maico Chiarelotto ◽  
Willian Chucchi Bottin ◽  
Cristian Eduardo Spicker ◽  
Savio Silva Duarte ◽  
Marilete Chiarelotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Alternative Processes

It is estimated that 51% of Brazilian urban solid waste is composed of organic material, which has a high recyclability potential via alternative processes. One means of optimization and recycling this fraction would be the popularization of household composting and the dissemination of means of attaining it. The current study objective, therefore, was to evaluate control characters of the household organic residue composting process, test final organic compound product quality and investigate the feasibility of conducting such processes in urban dwellings. Organic residues were collected for three days, distributed over a week, in 20 residences of the urban area of Marmeleiro municipality, Paraná State, southern Brazil. A compost heap was set up with an initial mass of 137.21 kg of organic material. During the degradation process, temperature, dry mass, volume, pH, electrical conductivity, phytotoxicity, volatile solids, total organic carbon exothermic accumulation, and loss of organic matter were measured. At the end of the process, the CTC, CTC:COT, total nitrogen and C:N ratio were also determined. Throughout the composting process it was recorded that the germination index went from 45.27 to 109.43, as the material changed from being dominated by phytotoxic compounds to phytostimulants. In addition, organic compound CTC increased from 27.2 to 57.8, showing organic material degradation occurred in only 37 days. The experimental analysis of the degradation process, has shown that treatment of urban organic waste in compost heaps is both viable and safe under domestic circumstances.

scholarly journals Stated Preferences for Plant-Based and Cultured Meat: A Choice Experiment Study of Spanish Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8235
Author(s):  
Alfredo J. Escribano ◽  
Maria Belen Peña ◽  
Carlos Díaz-Caro ◽  
Ahmed Elghannam ◽  
Eva Crespo-Cebada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultured Meat ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Negative Impacts

Meat production and consumption have been claimed to have negative impacts on the environment, and even on the consumer’s health. In this sense, alternative sources of protein, mainly meat substitutes and cultured meat, have emerged due to those perceived negative effects. Our paper carries out a choice experiment to analyze the preferences of 444 Spanish consumers and their willingness to pay for plant-based and cultured meats, as compared to conventional meat. Spain was considered of interest for this study due to its significant gastronomic culture, with high-quality meat products that make a great contribution to the economy, meaning that this could be a suitable and also challenging market in which to test alternative sources of protein. The findings show that consumers’ motivations and their interactions with these products are complex. Additionally, a cluster analysis allowed us to identify three types of consumers in terms of preference for these products: price-sensitive millennials, conscious/concerned consumers, and indifferent consumers. Only one group showed some level of acceptance of these alternative products meats.

A highly efficient multi-step methodology for the quantification of micro-(bio)plastics in sludge

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2097409
Author(s):  
Federica Ruggero ◽  
Alexandra E. Porter ◽  
Nikolaos Voulvoulis ◽  
Emiliano Carretti ◽  
Tommaso Lotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
End Products ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study develops a multi-step methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics and micro-bioplastics (together called in the current work micro-(bio)plastics) in sludge. In previous studies, different methods for the extraction of microplastics were devised for traditional plastics, while the current research tested the methodology on starch-based micro-bioplastics of 0.1–2 mm size. Compostable bioplastics are expected to enter the anaerobic or aerobic biological treatments that lead to end-products applicable in agriculture; some critical conditions of treatments (e.g. low temperature and moisture) can slow down the degradation process and be responsible for the presence of microplastics in the end-product. The methodology consists of an initial oxidation step, with hydrogen peroxide 35% concentrated to clear the sludge and remove the organic fraction, followed by a combination of flotation with sodium chloride and observation of the residues under a fluorescence microscope using a green filter. The workflow revealed an efficacy of removal from 94% to 100% and from 92% to 96% for plastic fragments, 0.5–2 mm and 0.1–0.5 mm size, respectively. The methodology was then applied to samples of food waste pulp harvested after a shredding pre-treatment in an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Italy, where polyethylene, starch-based Mater-Bi® and cellophane microplastics were recovered in amounts of 9 ± 1.3/10 g <2 mm and 4.8 ± 1.2/10 g ⩾2 mm. The study highlights the need to lower the threshold size for the quantification of plastics in organic fertilizers, which is currently set by legislations at 2 mm, by improving the background knowledge about the fate of the micro-(bio)plastics in biological treatments for the organic waste.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
Nur Syakina Jamali ◽  
Shamsul Izhar Siajam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Pineapple waste accounts for a significant part of waste accumulated in landfill which will further contribute to the release of greenhouse gases. With the rising pineapple demands worldwide, the abundance of pineapple waste and its disposal techniques are a major concern. Exploiting the pineapple waste into valuable products could be the most sustainable way of managing these residues due to their useful properties and compositions. In this review, we concentrated on producing useful products from on-farm pineapple waste and processing waste. Bioenergy is the most suitable option for green energy to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and promotes sustainable development for agricultural waste. The presence of protease enzyme in pineapple waste makes it a suitable raw material for bromelain production. The high cellulose content present in pineapple waste has a potential for the production of cellulose nanocrystals, biodegradable packaging and bio-adsorbent, and can potentially be applied in the polymer, food and textile industries. Other than that, it is also a suitable substrate for the production of wine, vinegar and organic acid due to its high sugar content, especially from the peel wastes. The potentials of bioenergy production through biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel) and biogas (biomethane and biohydrogen) were also assessed. The commercial use of pineapples is also highlighted. Despite the opportunities, future perspectives and challenges concerning pineapple waste utilisation to value-added goods were also addressed. Pineapple waste conversions have shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-wealth concept.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Essential Oils Extracted from Pineapple Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6833-6844
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
United Nations Food

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril), one of the major fruit crops, is mainly used for raw consumption and for industrial juice production, which creates large amounts of residues. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that pineapple waste accounts for between 50 to 65 % of the total weight of the fruit. Industrial pineapple waste is a major source of pollution as important quantities of primary residues are not further processed. Pineapple waste contains bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and essential oils. These phytochemicals can be used in the food industry, medicine and pharmacy, textile, and others. This review highlights essential oil and other bioactive compounds extracted from pineapple waste and the composition of pineapple essential oil. Pineapple peels are the potential raw material for essential oil extraction through various methods. Modern spectrometric methods have shown that essential oil extracted from pineapple waste comprises esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. From this overview, it can be concluded that there is an important need for further research into pineapple waste as a potential source of valuable byproducts, as well as new techniques to studying industrial organic residuals to achieve higher recovery rates of valuable bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and chemical industries as well as for developing new functional foods.

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