scholarly journals Effects of Daily Melatonin Supplementation on Visual Loss, Circadian Rhythms, and Hepatic Oxidative Damage in a Rodent Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽  
Lorena Perdices ◽  
Francisco Segura ◽  
Elvira Orduna-Hospital ◽  
Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of visual function that primarily affect photoreceptors, resulting in the complete disorganization and remodeling of the retina. Progression of the disease is enhanced by increased oxidative stress in the retina, aqueous humor, plasma, and liver of RP animal models and patients. Melatonin has beneficial effects against age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, in which oxidative stress plays a key role. In the present study, we used the P23HxLE rat as an animal model of RP. Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg b.w. daily in drinking water for 6 months) improved the parameters of visual function and decreased the rate of desynchronization of the circadian rhythm, both in P23HxLE and wild-type rats. Melatonin reduced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant defenses in P23HxLE animals. In wild-type animals, melatonin did not modify any of the oxidative stress markers analyzed and reduced the levels of total antioxidant defenses. Treatment with melatonin improved visual function, circadian synchronization, and hepatic oxidative stress in P23HxLE rats, an RP model, and had beneficial effects against age-related visual damage in wild-type rats.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Annamaria Tisi ◽  
Marco Feligioni ◽  
Maurizio Passacantando ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Rita Maccarone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Athletes Undertaking Regular Exercise Training

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Watson ◽  
Lesley K. MacDonald-Wicks ◽  
Manohar L. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

Exercise has been shown to increase the production of reactive oxygen species to a point that can exceed antioxidant defenses to cause oxidative stress. Dietary intake of antioxidants, physical activity levels, various antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were examined in 20 exercise-trained “athletes” and 20 age- and sex-matched sedentary “controls.” Plasma F2-isoprostanes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and uric acid levels were similar in athletes and sedentary controls. Plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene were higher in athletes compared with sedentary controls. Total antioxidant capacity tended to be lower in athletes, with a significant difference between male athletes and male controls. Dietary intakes of antioxidants were also similar between groups and well above recommended dietary intakes for Australians. These findings suggest that athletes who consume a diet rich in antioxidants have elevated plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene that were likely to be brought about by adaptive processes resulting from regular exercise.

scholarly journals Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Phat Huynh ◽  
Shivani N. Mann ◽  
Nawajes A. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Lutein and Antioxidant Supplementation on VEGF Expression, MMP-2 Activity, and Ultrastructural Alterations in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fernández-Robredo ◽  
Luis M. Sádaba ◽  
Angel Salinas-Alamán ◽  
Sergio Recalde ◽  
José A. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Expression And Activity

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as atherosclerosis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ApoE-deficient mice (apoE−/−) are a well-established model of genetic hypercholesterolemia and develop retinal alterations similar to those found in humans with AMD. Thus supplementation with lutein or multivitamin plus lutein and glutathione complex (MV) could prevent the onset of these alterations. ApoE−/−mice (n=40, 3 months old) were treated daily for 3 months with lutein (AE-LUT) or MV (two doses): AE-MV15 (15 mg/kg/day) and AE-MV50 (50 mg/kg/day) and were compared to controls with vehicle (AE-C). Wild-type mice (n=10) were also used as control (WT-C). ApoE−/−mice showed higher retinal lipid peroxidation and increased VEGF expression and MMP-2 activity, associated with ultrastructural alterations such as basal laminar deposits, vacuoles, and an increase in Bruch's membrane thickness. While lutein alone partially prevented the alterations observed in apoE−/−mice, MV treatment substantially reduced VEGF levels and MMP-2 activity and ameliorated the retinal morphological alterations. These results suggest that oxidative stress in addition to an increased expression and activity of proangiogenic factors could participate in the onset or development of retinal alterations of apoE−/−mice. Moreover, these changes could be prevented by efficient antioxidant treatments.

scholarly journals Can psychobiotics administration influence behavioral responses and physiological stress in healthy rats?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Morshedi ◽  
Khadijeh Bavafa Valenlia ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Saeid Hadi ◽  
Vahid Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

Background: There is a well-documented cross-talk between the gut and brain. Evidence is accumulating to suggest beneficial effects of psychobiotics [prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics] on psychological distress in disease states. However, their role in healthy status remains relatively unclear. Objectives: The present study was aimed to clarify if psychobiotics could influence behavioral responses and physiological stress in healthy rats. Methods: In the present experiment, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (healthy rats treated by Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum), inulin and their combination (synbiotic) and control group). Then, psychobiotics were administered to the intervention groups for 8 weeks. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze, Elevated plus maze, and Forced swimming test) were performed at the endpoint. Then, serum and brain levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin were measured. Results: Our finding indicated that unlike inulin, the administration of L.plantarum and synbiotic could ameliorate depression and anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance (P<0.05). Serum and brain oxidative stress markers were significantly improved by synbiotic consumption. Intake of L.plantarum led to decreased oxidative stress in the hippocampus and amygdala (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in hippocampal serotonin and BDNF concentration was observed after synbiotic and L.plantarum intake (P<0.05). In addition, there was a strong correlation of serum and brain markers with behavioral performance (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that psychobiotics therapy may have favorable effects on the amelioration of psychological disorders.

scholarly journals Suppression of Light-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Retina by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Baksheeva ◽  
Veronika Tiulina ◽  
Natalia Tikhomirova ◽  
Olga Gancharova ◽  
Sergey Komarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidative Processes

Light-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins provokes retinal injuries and results in progression of degenerative retinal diseases, such as, for instance, iatrogenic photic maculopathies. Having accumulated over years retinal injuries contribute to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidant treatment is regarded as a promising approach to protecting the retina from light damage and AMD. Here, we examine oxidative processes induced in rabbit retina by excessive light illumination with or without premedication using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6’-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenyl-phosphonium). The retinal extracts obtained from animals euthanized within 1–7 days post exposure were analyzed for H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using colorimetric and luminescence assays. Oxidation of visual arrestin was monitored by immunoblotting. The light exposure induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation in the retinal cells. Unexpectedly, it prominently upregulated AOA in retinal extracts although SOD and GPx activities were compromised. These alterations were accompanied by accumulation of disulfide dimers of arrestin revealing oxidative stress in the photoreceptors. Premedication of the eyes with SkQ1 accelerated normalization of H2O2 levels and redox-status of lipids and proteins, contemporarily enhancing AOA and, likely, sustaining normal activity of GPx. Thus, SkQ1 protects the retina from light-induced oxidative stress and could be employed to suppress oxidative damage of proteins and lipids contributing to AMD.

scholarly journals Ischemic Retinopathies: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Rivera ◽  
Rabah Dabouz ◽  
Baraa Noueihed ◽  
Samy Omri ◽  
Houda Tahiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Pathological Stages

Ischemic retinopathies (IRs), such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and (in many cases) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are ocular disorders characterized by an initial phase of microvascular changes that results in ischemia, followed by a second phase of abnormal neovascularization that may culminate into retinal detachment and blindness. IRs are complex retinal conditions in which several factors play a key role during the development of the different pathological stages of the disease. Increasing evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are important contributors to the pathogenesis of IRs. Despite the beneficial effects of the photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy during neovascularization phase, the need to identify novel targets to prevent initial phases of these ocular pathologies is still needed. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the progression of IRs and address some therapeutic interventions by using antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Synergistic Effect of Vitamin D and Nutritional Complex on Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Lines against Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Maria Hernandez ◽  
Sergio Recalde ◽  
Jorge González-Zamora ◽  
Valentina Bilbao-Malavé ◽  
Manuel Sáenz de Viteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and loss of photoreceptor cells under oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D and antioxidants have beneficial effects against retinal degenerative diseases, such as AMD. We investigated the impact of associating vitamin D (ND) with a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on oxidative stress and inflammation-like induced conditions by H2O2 and LPS, respectively, in human retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) and human retinal endothelial (HREC) cells. Application of either N or ND treatments to H2O2-induced media in ARPE-19 cells counteracted late apoptosis, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, and increased cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the expression levels of MCP1, IL-8, and IL6 cytokines was observed following application of either N or ND treatments under LPS-induced conditions in ARPE-19 cells and in MCP-1 and IL12p70 cytokine levels in HREC cells. ND and not N revealed significant downregulation of IFNγ in ARPE-19 cells, and of IL-6 and IL-18 in HREC cells. In conclusion, adding vitamin D to Nutrof Total® protects in a synergistic way against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced conditions in retinal epithelial and endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Serum Total Antioxidant Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivna Plestina-Borjan ◽  
Damir Katusic ◽  
Maria Medvidovic-Grubisic ◽  
Daniela Supe-Domic ◽  
Kajo Bucan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Gpx Activity

The aim was to estimate association of the oxidative stress with the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and additionally serum total antioxidant status (TAS) were used as indicators of the oxidative stress level. 57 AMD patients (32 early and 25 late AMD) and 50 healthy, age and gender matched controls were included. GPx activity (P<0.001) and serum TAS (P=0.015) were significantly lower in AMD patients. The difference was not significant for SOD or CAT activities. Significant interaction between GPx and SOD was detected (P=0.003). At high levels of SOD activity (over 75th percentile), one standard deviation decrease in GPx increases the odds for AMD for six times (OR = 6.22;P<0.001). ROC analysis revealed that combined values of GPx activity and TAS are significant determinants of AMD status. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 75%, 95%, 52%, 69%, and 90%, respectively. The study showed that low GPx activity and TAS are associated with AMD. SOD modulates the association of GPx and AMD. The results suggest that erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity and serum TAS could be promising markers for the prediction of AMD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Retinal Degeneration

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Ravirajsinh Jadeja ◽  
Pamela Martin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Inflammation and oxidative stress play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases of the retina, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion, and retinitis pigmentosa [1–3]. [...]

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