scholarly journals Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Phat Huynh ◽  
Shivani N. Mann ◽  
Nawajes A. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.

scholarly journals Posterior segment eye diseases in Ijebu, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tayo Julius Bogunjoko ◽  
Adekunle O. Hassan ◽  
Adunola Ogunro ◽  
Toyin Akanbi ◽  
Bidemi Abudu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Age Related

Background: To review cases of posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) seen at the Eye Foundation Centre Ijebu, Nigeria in a 5 year period for planning purposes.Methods: Data was collected from patients’ case notes from January 2006 to December 2011. A systematic sampling of 468 patients from 1173 case notes of patient with (PSEDs) was done. Information retrieved was: age, sex, state of residence and diagnosis. All patients were examined by the glaucoma and the vitroretinal specialist as the case may be. They had visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination (including intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldman applanation tonometer), and dilated fundoscopy with (bilateral indirect ophthalmoscopy) BIO, slit lamp using 20 D, 78 D and 90 D respectively. The glaucoma patients in addition had central visual field (CVF), Central cornea thickness (CCT), fundus photograph and in some cases optical coherence tomography (OCT) done in addition to the above.Results: The mean age was 59.98 years (SD 17.67) and the age range is 5-95 years. Males outnumbered females by 63% to 37%. The diseases were more common in age group 61 to 80. Patients’ attendances were mostly from Ijebu division of Ogun state (57%). Glaucoma is the commonest cause of attendance 262 (56%) followed by diabetic retinopathy 29 (6.2%) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) 28 (6.0%).Conclusions: Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ARMD were noted as the commonest PSEDs in Ijebu division in Southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Ocular Diseases: A Narrative Review of the Existing Evidence from Clinical Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Heitmar ◽  
James Brown ◽  
Ioannis Kyrou
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its main constituents, i.e., crocin and crocetin, are natural carotenoid compounds, which have been reported to possess a wide spectrum of properties and induce pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects. An increasing number of experimental, animal, and human studies have investigated the effects and mechanistic pathways of these compounds in order to assess their potential therapeutic use in ocular diseases (e.g., in age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic maculopathy). This narrative review presents the key findings of published clinical studies that examined the effects of saffron and/or its constituents in the context of ocular disease, as well as an overview of the proposed underlying mechanisms mediating these effects.

Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 4549-4566
Author(s):  
María Garranzo-Asensio ◽  
Ana Montero-Calle ◽  
Guillermo Solís-Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo Barderas ◽  
Ana Guzman-Aranguez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Protein Microarrays ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Age Related

: The eye is a complex organ comprised of several compartments with exclusive and specialized properties that reflect their diverse functions. Although the prevalence of eye pathologies is increasing, mainly because of its correlation with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common ocular diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, there is an unmet need to delve into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases to preserve ocular health and reduce the incidence of visual impairment or blindness. Proteomics analysis stands as a valuable tool for deciphering protein profiles related to specific ocular conditions. In turn, such profiles can lead to real breakthroughs in the fields of ocular science and ophthalmology. Among proteomics techniques, protein microarray technology stands out by providing expanded information using very small volumes of samples. : In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The validation of these specific protein alterations could provide new biomarkers, disclose eye diseases pathways, and help in the diagnosis and development of novel therapies for eye pathologies.

scholarly journals Update of application of olfactory ensheathing cells and stem cells/exosomes in the treatment of retinal disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Licheng Li ◽  
Shu Lin ◽  
Jianmin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Disorders ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal disorders are the main causes of visual impairment worldwide. In the past, these retinal diseases, especially dry age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa, were treated with traditional surgery and drugs. However, the effect was moderate. In recent years, researchers have used embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells and other stem cells to conduct experiments and found that stem cells can inhibit inflammation, regulate immune response, secrete neurotrophic factors, and differentiate into retinal cells to replace and promote restoration of the damaged parts. These stem cells have the potential to treat retinal diseases. Whether it is in animal experiments or clinical trials, the increase in the number of retinal cells, maintenance of function and improvement of visual function all reflect the advanced of stem cells to treat retinal diseases, but its risk preserves the donor’s hidden pathogenic genes, immune rejection and tumorigenicity. With the development of exosomes study, researchers have discovered that exosomes come from a wide range of sources and can be secreted by almost all types of cells. Using exosomes with stem cell to treat retinal diseases is more effective than using stem cells alone. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the application of olfactory ensheathing cells and stem cells/exosomes in the treatment of retinal disorders.

Geriatric ophthalmology & Rasayana - Ayurvedic perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Madanrao Jamunkar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Age Related

Aging is the process of physiological psychological and social change in multidimensional aspects. As like the other structures of human body it is obvious and inevitable that the eye is also involved with various ailments leading to the manifestations of different ocular diseases in old age Among them important diseases are cataract, presbyopia, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy etc The pathological lesions in old age according to the ayurvedic concepts are swabhavika vhyadhis and it is difficult to cure completely so with an intension delay the Aging process Acharya recommend to start Rasayana therapy in middle age. Rasayana becomes more treat full and effective if it is preceded with suitable panchakarma. Triphala churna is advisable to all patients with diminished vision along with the honey and ghruta in unequal quantity which act as a Rasayana.    As geriatric problems are not attributed to a single cause, the treatment should be planned according to stage of the disease and the involved dosha on the basis of that we are treating the diseases by applying Classical ayurvedic measures along with kriyakalpa. Intake of Rasayana in middle of the age followed by panchakarma, adopting pratimarsha nasya, doompana, gandoosha and Anjana as din charya administration of medication in early stage of disease are helpfull in delaying or arresting senile ocular condition.

scholarly journals Involvement of Nrf2 in Ocular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Batliwala ◽  
Christy Xavier ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Hongli Wu ◽  
Iok-Hou Pang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World

The human body harbors within it an intricate and delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Any disruption in this checks-and-balances system can lead to harmful consequences in various organs and tissues, such as the eye. This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system—the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway—on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Together, they are the major causes of blindness in the world.

scholarly journals Management of Ocular Diseases Using Lutein and Zeaxanthin: What Have We Learned from Experimental Animal Studies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Xue ◽  
Richard Rosen ◽  
Adrienne Jordan ◽  
Dan-Ning Hu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Zeaxanthin and lutein are two carotenoid pigments that concentrated in the retina, especially in the macula. The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, and uveitis, have been studied in different experimental animal models. In these animal models, lutein and zeaxanthin have been reported to have beneficial effects in protecting ocular tissues and cells (especially the retinal neurons) against damage caused by different etiological factors. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of lutein and zeaxanthin include prevention of phototoxic damage by absorption of blue light, reduction of oxidative stress through antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging, and their anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. The results of these experimental animal studies may provide new preventive and therapeutic procedures for clinical management of various vision-threatening diseases.

scholarly journals Retinal pathology is associated with increased blood–retina barrier permeability in a diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic pig model: Beneficial effects of the LpPLA2 inhibitor Darapladib

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimish K Acharya ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
Eric L Goldwaser ◽  
George A Godsey ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Using a porcine model of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia, we previously showed that diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia is associated with a chronic increase in blood–brain barrier permeability in the cerebral cortex, leading to selective binding of immunoglobulin G and deposition of amyloid-beta1-42 peptide in pyramidal neurons. Treatment with Darapladib (GlaxoSmithKline, SB480848), an inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2, alleviated these effects. Here, investigation of the effects of chronic diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia on the pig retina revealed a corresponding increased permeability of the blood–retina barrier coupled with a leak of plasma components into the retina, alterations in retinal architecture, selective IgG binding to neurons in the ganglion cell layer, thinning of retinal layers due to cell loss and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in Müller cells, all of which were curtailed by treatment with Darapladib. These findings suggest that chronic diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia induces increased blood–retina barrier permeability that may be linked to altered expression of blood–retina barrier–associated tight junction proteins, claudin and occludin, leading to structural changes in the retina consistent with diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, results suggest that drugs with vascular anti-inflammatory properties, such as Darapladib, may have beneficial effects on eye diseases strongly linked to vascular abnormalities such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

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