Kynurenine metabolism is altered in mdx mice: a potential muscle to brain connection

Regular exercise can direct muscle kynurenine (KYN) metabolism toward the neuroprotective branch of the kynurenine pathway thereby limiting the accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites in the brain and contributing to mental resilience. While the effect of regular exercise has been studied, the effect of muscle disease on KYN metabolism has not yet been investigated. Previous work has highlighted anxiety-like behaviors in approximately 25% of patients with DMD, possibly due to altered KYN metabolism. Here, we characterized KYN metabolism in mdx mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Young (8-10 week old) DBA/2J (D2) mdx mice, but not age-matched C57BL/10 (C57) mdx mice, had lower levels of circulating KYNA and KYNA:KYN ratio compared with their respective wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, only D2 mdx mice displayed signs of anxiety-like behaviour, spending more time in the corners of their cages during a novel object recognition test when compared with WT. Along with this, we found that muscles from D2 mdx mice had less peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and kynurenine amino transferase-1 enzyme content as well as elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with WT muscles. Thus, our pilot work shows that KYN metabolism is altered in D2 mdx mice, with a potential contribution from altered muscle health.

Bariatric surgery and exercise: A pilot study on postural stability in obese individuals

This study aimed to analyze the changes in postural stability of individuals with obesity after bariatric surgery, and the effect of three months of regular exercise on the static postural stability. Twenty-two subjects (7 females and 15 males) aged 31 to 68 years (Body mass index 35–55 kg.m-2) completed the study. Participants were divided into two groups: one group participated in an exercise program after the bariatric surgery (n = 10; age 48.9 ± 7.5 years; Body mass index 42 ± 5.6 kg.m-2) while the second group did not exercise at all after bariatric surgery (n = 12; age 44.7 ± 13.6 years, Body mass index 42.6 ± 6.0 kg.m-2). Static postural stability was measured using a Tekscan MobileMat pressure plate before and 4 months after the bariatric surgery. The exercise program included exercising three times a week including: one hour of strengthening, one hour of aerobic group exercise and at least one session of individual exercise at home. There were no significant differences in Center of force sway, Center of force ranges and average speed before and 4 months after bariatric surgery. Also, no effect of exercise was found. Post-pre differences of some parameters were negatively related to age (r from—0.46 to—0.72). Further studies are needed to explore this topic in depth.

Worker Saturation in Facing Changes in the Work Environment: The Physiological Impact of Online Jobs

This article discuss about worker saturation in facing changes in the work environment in the physiological impact of online jobs. During the Covid-19 epidemic, social segregation was implemented, and employees worked from home (WFH) via online platform. Some workers get saturation in facing the situation. A process that makes individuals feel ill, uneasy, or anxious as a result of their employment, workplace, or work circumstance. The capacity to adapt to and appreciate current circumstances transforms stress from distress to eustress. Effective stress management tactics include regular exercise, setting aside time for relaxation and self-care, balancing work and pleasure, and practicing time management and meditation

Potential value of home square-stepping exercises for inactive older adults: an exploratory case study

Background Most older adults do not engage in regular physical activity. However, more research on options to partake in regular exercise in this population by reducing barriers and enhancing enablers while still reaching benefits is needed. Methods Using embedded mixed methods, 10 inactive older adults over the age of 65 completed a 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention to help overcome the initial barriers and activate initial enablers to perform regular exercise. Physical activity level was tracked at home with a pedometer using median steps/day over seven days for pre-post measure. Aerobic intensity while doing square-stepping exercises was quantified via a heart rate monitor in a supervised session. Each participant had an interview asking about barriers and enablers to regular exercise and if the intervention could modify any. Based on initial physical activity a framework matrix was used to pull potential barriers to compare, contrast, and search for patterns between participants with lower and higher initial physical activity levels. Results The 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention helped participants overcome barriers such as being uncomfortable in a fitness facility and body image and activate enablers such as the use of home equipment and convenience. The median total steps/day increased by 12% (p = 0.02), and a moderate-intensity level was reached by 80% of the sample participants when performing the square stepping exercise during a supervised session. Common barriers such as having a suitable program, hard to keep the intensity were reported by participants regardless of the initial physical activity level. Conclusion Regardless of initial physical activity level, inactive older adults can increase physical activity level at the recommended intensity and overcome common barriers to exercise when performing square-stepping exercises, especially for those intimidated by a fitness facility setting and those concerned with their body image. A longer intervention including more participants using the square-stepping exercises is required to understand if square-stepping exercises can increase the proportion of older adults exercising regularly.

Association of type and duration of exercise with the mental and physical health and academic performance of Medical undergraduate students- Cross-sectional study

Background: The advantageous effect of physical activity stimulated mostly by aerobic exercise known to impact the particular phases of brain activities. Exercise does help to improve physical health and develop an individual’s academic performance. Aim and objectives: The study aimed to observe the relationship between type and duration of exercise on the mental, physical health, and academic performance of undergraduate medical students. Materials and method: Present questionnaire-based study was undertaken on 50students of medical undergraduates studying in their preliminary MBBS curriculum. Results: Among the participants involved in regular exercise, 50% of them prefer jogging, brisk walking, or cycling as a mode of exercise, followed by 31% of participants who prefer to play various games that involve muscular activities. The remaining 19% of the students like to be involved in multiple activities of the gym. 84% of participants with regular exercise practice gave a strong opinion that they are confident enough to face academic assessment challenges. This observation was notably higher prevalence than that of non-exercise students (79%). Conclusion: Individuals who exercise for one to two hours have better physical and mental health status and excellent academic performance. It can also be concluded that students who do regular exercise have higher confidence in academics than those who do not. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 135-139

Adaptation of The New Normal Sports Training Centering System

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the temporary suspension of the training centering system which has resulted in complex decisions relating to the continuation of training activities in accordance with existing circumstances. This paper aims to provide education and guidance in the implementation of regular exercise programs that must be realized as a solution to minimize the occurrence of COVID-19 transmission in the regular training process as well as provide understanding to the main sports branch management, coaches and athletes in carrying out regular training programs. This study uses a literature review method where the researcher conducts a series of studies by reviewing and analyzing various content and data, which involves various kinds of information related to the implementation of the training centering system in the new normal era. There are 4 key principles in the re-implementation of the training process on a regular basis or training camps, including preparation for resumption of training, criteria for training commencement, assessments and guidelines that serve as a reference for the implementation of training camps, as well as management and strategies for mitigating COVID-19 risks at training camps.

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training and urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled 7-year follow-up study

Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence is common postpartum. Our aims were to assess whether antenatal exercise including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has long-term effects on urinary incontinence (UI) and to explore factors associated with UI 7 years postpartum. Methods A follow-up of a two-centre randomized controlled trial performed at St. Olavs Hospital and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway. In the original trial women were randomized to a 12-week structured exercise protocol including PFMT or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. Link to an electronic questionnaire was sent by postal mail 7 years postpartum. Prevalence of UI was assessed with Sandvik severity index and compared between groups. Factors associated with UI were studied using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The response rate was 35% (298/855). UI was reported by 78 (51%) in the intervention group and 63 (57%) in the control group (p = 0.539). In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, women with UI at inclusion had a five-fold increase in odds of UI at 7 years (OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.6, 11.5). Engaging in regular exercise was not significantly associated with UI at 7 years; however, UI was associated with lower exercise intensity (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2, 4.6). Conclusions We found no group differences of antenatal exercise including PFMT on UI after 7 years among the responders. UI in pregnancy increased the risk of long-term UI. Regular exercise was not associated with UI at 7 years; however, women with UI were more than twice as likely to exercise at lower intensity than continent women.

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