scholarly journals Protein and Energy Requirements for Maintenance and Growth in Juvenile Meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
I. Jauralde ◽  
J. Velazco-Vargas ◽  
A. Tomás-Vidal ◽  
M. Jover Cerdá ◽  
S. Martínez-Llorens
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Argyrosomus Regius

The meagre is a carnivorous species and might be a suitable candidate species for the diversification of aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. This is based on its high growth and flesh quality. Nevertheless, there is little information available about its growth rates and nutrient requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the protein and energy requirements of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Two trials for different weights of 53 and 188 g were conducted with rations from starvation to apparent satiation with the scope of studying its nutritional needs. In the first trial, the initial mean body weight of the fish was 53 g, and they were fed at feeding rates, measured as a percentage of the body weight, of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5%, with two replicates per treatment. In a second trial, another group with approximately 188 g of initial body weight was fed at feeding rates of 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%, with two replicates per treatment. The optimum thermal growth coefficient was obtained with a feed intake of 2.2% day−1 in trial A and 1.73% day−1 in trial B. The digestible protein (DP) intake for maintenance was determined as 0.57 g kg−0.7 day−1, the DP intake for maximum growth was 6.0 g kg−0.7 day−1, and the point for maximum efficiency in protein retention was 1.8 g kg−0.7 day−1. The requirement for digestible energy (DE) intake for maintenance was recorded at 25.4 kJ kg−0.82 day−1, the DE intake to maximize growth was 365 kJ kg−0.82 day−1, and the point for maximum efficiency in energy retention occurs with a digestible energy intake of 93 kJ kg−0.82 day−1. The requirements and retention efficiency of protein and energy in Argyrosomus regius tend to be within the range other fish species. The maintenance needs are in agreement with species with low voluntary activity and growth requirements in agreement with fast-growth species.

scholarly journals PSVIII-28 The effect of adaptogen on the growth and development of dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Irina Lunegova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Intensive Growth

Abstract For the harmonious development, intensive growth and preservation of young animals in the diet it is necessary to include various feed additives, complexes, adaptogens that enhance the metabolic processes in the body. The purpose of the study is to study the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of adaptogen in calves rations. To achieve this goal in industrial conditions, 30 calves of Holstein breed at the age of 5–7 days were selected and divided into two groups of 15 animals each. The duration of the experiment was 90 days. Calves of the experimental group in milk, and then in concentrates included adaptogen “Energy” in the amount of 250 mg / kg body weight. The control animals were fed according to the standard scheme in the farm. The feeding mode for all calves was in accordance with the growing technology. The adaptogen includes: succinic, citric acid, inulin, oligofructose, methionine, lactic acid bacteria immobilized on aluminosilicate (patent RU 2493725). The results of the experiment (table 1) showed that the inclusion of an adaptogen provided a high growth rate throughout the entire period. At the end of the experiment, the body weight of calves of the experimental group was 6.52% (P > 0.05) higher compared to the control.

THE PROTEIN AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG DAIRY CALVES

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Brisson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
S. R. Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digestible Protein

The protein and energy requirements of pre-weanling dairy calves were studied through the use of growth and balance trial techniques. Various levels of protein and energy were fed in both purified and semi-purified diets. The nitrogen retention of calves fed diets adequate in protein was 3.22 gm. per 100 gm. of gain in body weight. Energy requirement for maintenance was 44.7 digestible Calories per kg. of body weight per day and 268 digestible Calories were required per 100 gm. of gain in weight. These factors, along with previously determined values for endogenous nitrogen, were used to calculate the practical digestible energy and apparent digestible protein requirements of dairy calves.

scholarly journals Influence of anthropogenic factors on the fauna of diplopods in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
V. M. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Various industries that constantly pollute the environment with their waste are quite well developed in the steppe zone of Ukraine. That in turn affects living organisms. The analysis of literature sources allowed to determine the factors influencing the diplopods fauna of the Steppe. Parasites, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, heavy metals and other pollutants adversely affect invertebrates. Pesticides (glyphosate, imidacloprid, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, propargite, cypermethrin, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, mefenoxam, mancozeb, sulfur, propiconazole, cyprodinil) are toxic to diplopods. They can affect lifetime, fertility, abundance, coordination of movements, feeding rates, change body weight and even in high concentrations cause the death of these animals. Sulfur, pirimiphos-methyl, propiconazole, imidacloprid, dimethoate and cypermethrin are the most toxic of all these pesticides. They cause the highest mortality. Heavy metals accumulate in the bodies of saprophages, reduce their abundance, affect body weight, cause a change in the intensity of eating food by diplopods. Nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, cuprum and ferrum are toxic to millipedes. High concentrations of cadmium cause 100% mortality of Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928). The development of urbanization causes a decrease in the abundance of saprophages. The species composition and number of individuals of some taxonomic groups of millipedes are reduced in reclamation areas. The nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976) slow down the protective reactions of the body of Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847). The high intensity of diplopod infection with gregarines slows down the feeding process of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Lighting, soil humidity and the number of ants also affect the abundance of diplopods in natural forests and forest plantations of the steppe zone. Thus the diplopods are influenced by many environmental factors that can reduce their abundance in agrocenoses, forested and reclamation areas of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Results of 15 Years of Precision Feeding of Hyper Prolific Gestating Sows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2908
Author(s):  
Nathalie Quiniou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Time Assessment

The increase in prolificacy at weaning is less than that at farrowing due to increased loss of piglets. As a result, farmers focus more on solutions that can prevent difficult parturition or a decrease in milk production. The body condition of the sow influences both factors. A model developed to estimate energy requirements of gestating sows was used to monitor the body weight and back fat thickness (BT) at farrowing, through the creation of a demonstration farm that included 7 batches of 24 sows. Daily feed allowance was adapted to characteristics of each sow at the beginning of gestation. Based on data collected since 2005 from 5140 gestations in different housing systems, the BT averaged 19.3 mm at farrowing, with no significant differences among housing systems. Within-batch variability in BT ranged from 3–4 mm and is expected to improve in the future by using sensors to automatically weigh and measure physical activity towards a real-time assessment of energy requirements. The next step in reducing feed costs and environmental impacts is to consider amino-acid and phosphorus requirements in the precision-feeding strategy.

scholarly journals Energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers fed different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2665
Author(s):  
Diego Zanetti ◽  
Sebastião De Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Carneiro Pacheco ◽  
Letícia Artuzo Godoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Net Protein

The aim of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers fed with or without the supplementation of dicalcium phosphate in the diet. Thirty-two steers with an average initial body weight of 377.5 ± 49.4 kg were used, of which four were initially slaughtered to estimate the empty body weight (EBW) of the animals. Twenty-four steers were fed ad libitum and were distributed in a completely randomized design with two levels of concentrate (30 and 60 %), and diets with or without dicalcium phosphate and four steers were fed at maintenance level, so that the body weight gain was equal to zero. After 84 days the animals were slaughtered. The animal tissues were sampled, and composted by two samples, denominated by “carcass” (bone, muscle and fat) and “non-carcass” (head, limbs, blood, hide, organs and viscera) for determination of the body composition. The net energy requirements (NEm) and metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) were obtained while relating heat production (HP) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI); meanwhile, the net energy requirements for gain (NEg) and the net protein requirements for gain (NPg) were obtained as a function of empty body weight (EBW), empty body gain (EBG) and retained energy (RE) in EBW. The daily net and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance were 76.90 and 119.36 kcal/EBW0.75, respectively. The net energy requirements for gain can be obtained by the following equation: NEg = 0.0568±0.0025 × EBW0.75 × EBG1.095. The efficiencies of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain are 64.4 and 29.68 %, respectively. The metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance are 4.14 g/BW0.75. The net protein requirements for gain can be obtained through the following equation: NPg = 236.36±30.06 × EBG - 19.84±6.14 × RE. We recommend the use of the equations obtained in this experiment to calculate the energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers.

scholarly journals Microevolutionary processes in the creation of the Siberian species of carp

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Elena Pishchenko ◽  
Irina Moruzi ◽  
Liudmila Zakonova ◽  
Liubov Vesnina ◽  
Dmitrii Kropachev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Mirror Carp ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
Fish Productivity ◽  
High Fish

Selection of carp was started in 1964 in Siberia. The work was carried out in a continental climate. The duration of the winter period was 120-130 days. The species was created by the method of mass directed selection in terms of body growth, girth and fecundity. In comparison with the original population, the body weight of females in the average school increased significantly - by 67.17%, and the weight of female five-year-olds - by 33.58%. This led to earlier maturation and accelerated the generational change. Considering the dynamic series of the exterior of the females according to the indices of progonism, broad-back, body girth, as well as exterior profiles, we noted that the population of the Altai mirror carp had a high growth rate, which ensured high fish productivity of reservoirs. Analysis of the variability of morphological traits from the third to the seventh generation showed that against the background of a noticeable increase in body weight, body length decreased, girth, growth and thickness increased. The body of the Altai mirror carp for five generations of breeding has become more compact, the exterior has improved.

Estimation of Energy Requirements for Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirmiran ◽  
Mohammadi ◽  
Allahverdian ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements. Design: In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25–50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Measurements: Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) /World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC). Results: Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p < 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p < 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p < 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25–50; 2576 vs. 2900; men > 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20–50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women > 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake. Conclusion: The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.

scholarly journals Body composition and net protein and energy requirements for weight gain of crossbred dairy cattle in grazing

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulciene Karla Bezerra de Andrade ◽  
Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Wellington Samay de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Protein

The body composition and net protein and energy requirements for weight gain of 5/8 Hostein-Zebu crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria decumbens Spaft pasture were evaluated. In total, 16 bulls with 10 months of age and body weight (BW) of 180 ± 19.95 kg were used. The animals were kept with free access to pasture or with restricted grazing (from 6 to 10 h). Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experimental period to estimate the empty body weight (EBW) and the initial body composition of the remaining animals. The other animals were slaughtered at the end of the 84-day trial period. The logarithm equations of the protein and energy body content were adjusted according to the logarithm of the empty body weight EBW. From these equations, the net protein and energy requirements for weight gain were estimated. There was an increase in fat (from 37.17 to 59.08 g/kg EBW) and energy (from 1.68 to 1.94 Mcal/kg EBW) concentrations, with increase in body weight from 150 to 250 kg. The protein and energy requirements for gaining 1 kg of EBW increased with the increase in body weight or empty body weight. The relationship between fat concentration in gain and protein requirements also increased, indicating that as the BW or EBW increase, more fat deposition in the gain is observed.

scholarly journals Methods improving practical implementation of technology of combined recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhailovna Evgrafova ◽  
Alexander Nickolaevich Nevalennyy ◽  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina ◽  
Aliya Baimuratovna Akhmedzhanova ◽  
Elena Pershina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Feeding Rates

The article focuses on the problem of adopting the effective methods for combined cultivation of food products in cities, which requires the rapidly deployable and scalable aquaponic urban farms for year-round cultivating the aquaculture and crop products. Experimental work on cultivating the agricultural products in a small-sized system of combined recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production (aquaponics) has been carried out. A well-grounded idea of the qualitative and quantitative requirements for feed formulations, the possibilities of their optimization due to including the ingredients of natural origin was obtained. With combined recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production the control over the physiological state of the aquatic organisms grown on feed on their own formulation is carried out on the analysis of special biochemical parameters, which complement the general characteristics of the limits of reference values of homeostasis constants and determine the physiological status of fish. Feeding rates (% of body weight) of fish determine the amount of organic load for nutrition of plant growing objects, in particular leafy greens. In the course of research it was found out that when feeding sterlet (100 g) with the developed feed with protein content 45% the feeding rate is 4% of the body weight. The equivalent area 1 m2 with leafy greenery accounts for 40–50 g of feed with a mass of water bodies up to 5.0 kg/m3.

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