scholarly journals Oxidative and Epigenetic Changes and Gut Permeability Response in Early-Treated Chickens with Antibiotic or Probiotic

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Paweł Konieczka ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Jan Jankowski

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the use of enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains in the first week of life of chickens on oxidative and epigenetic changes in molecules and intestinal integrity. The three treatments were as follows: the control group received no additive in the drinking water (GC); the second group (GP) received a probiotic preparation in the drinking water during the first five days of life, providing E. faecium strain 4a1713 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water and B. amyloliquefaciens 4b1822 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water, the third group (GA) received an antibiotic (enrofloxacin 0.5 mL/L water) in the drinking water during the first five days of life. The use of both enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing E. faecium and B. amyloliquefaciens strains in chickens’ first week of life improved intestinal integrity and reduced inflammation and oxidative and epigenetic changes in the small intestine. This effect was evident both at 6 days of age and at the end of the rearing period.

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Monika Cendrowska-Pinkosz ◽  
Paulius Matuseviĉius ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Paweł Jurczak ◽  
...  

It was postulated that a phytobiotic preparation containing cinnamon oil and citric acid added to drinking water for chickens in a suitable amount and for a suitable time would beneficially modify the microbiota composition and morphology of the small intestine, thereby improving immunity and growth performance without inducing metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to establish the dosage and time of administration of such a phytobiotic that would have the most beneficial effect on the intestinal histology and microbiota, production results, and immune and metabolic status of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on 980 one-day-old male chickens until the age of 42 days. The chickens were assigned to seven experimental groups of 140 birds each (seven replications of 20 individuals each). The control group (G-C) did not receive the phytobiotic. Groups CT-0.05, CT-0.1, and CT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in their drinking water in the amount of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mL/L, respectively, at days 1–42 of life (continuous application, CT). The birds in groups PT-0.05, PT-0.5, and PT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in the same amounts, but only at days 1–7, 15–21, and 29–35 of life (periodic application, PT). Selected antioxidant and biochemical parameters were determined in the blood of the chickens, as well as parameters of immune status and redox status. The morphology of the intestinal epithelium, composition of the microbiome, and production parameters of chickens receiving the phytobiotic in their drinking water were determined as well. The addition of a phytobiotic containing cinnamon oil and citric acid to the drinking water of broiler chickens at a suitable dosage and for a suitable time can beneficially modify the microbiome composition and morphometry of the small intestine (total number of fungi p < 0.001, total number of aerobic bacteria p < 0.001; and total number of coliform bacteria p < 0.001 was decreased) improving the immunity and growth performance of the chickens (there occurred a villi lengthening p = 0.002 and crypts deepening p = 0.003). Among the three tested dosages (0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 mL/L of water) of the preparation containing cinnamon oil, the dosage of 0.25 mL/L of water administered for 42 days proved to be most beneficial. Chickens receiving the phytobiotic in the amount of 0.25 mL/L had better growth performance, which was linked to the beneficial effect of the preparation on the microbiome of the small intestine, metabolism (the HDL level p = 0.017 was increased; and a decreased level of total cholesterol (TC) p = 0.018 and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) p = 0.007, LDL p = 0.041, as well as triacylglycerols (TAG) p = 0.014), and immune (the level of lysozyme p = 0.041 was increased, as well as the percentage of phagocytic cells p = 0.034, phagocytosis index p = 0.038, and Ig-A level p = 0.031) and antioxidant system (the level of LOOH p < 0.001, MDA p = 0.002, and the activity of Catalase (CAT) p < 0.001 were decreased, but the level of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) p = 0.029, glutathione p = 0.045 and vitamin C p = 0.021 were increased).


2019 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
V.A. KARATUNOV ◽  
I.N. TUZOV

Изучены функциональные свойства вымени коров голштинской породы австралийской селекции, выращенных с использованием повышенных норм выпойки молока и добавлением пробиотического препарата целлобактерин . В сельхозпредприятии Краснодарского края, на потомках импортного скота голштинской породы австралийской селекции, завезенного в 2008 году. Для проведения опыта от нетелей линии Рефлекшн Соверинг 198998 получили телят и сформировали 4 группы подопытных телочек по 16 голов (n64): I контрольная, II, III, IV опытные. Животные были аналогами по происхождению, живой массе и возрасту. Различие между группами заключалось в технологии их выращивания. Телки контрольной группы выращивались по технологии принятой в хозяйстве, а животных II, III и IV опытных групп кормили опытными рационами. В состав кормовых рационов телочек опытных групп входило неодинаковое количество кормов животного происхождения и пробиотический препарат. После отела было установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по обхвату вымени на 0,83,0 см. По 3 лактации различия по изучаемым промерам подопытных групп составили 1,33,5 см. При изучении промеров глубины вымени по 1 и 3 лактации установлена такая же закономерность по их увеличению, как и по обхвату вымени. Наиболее высокие суточные удои установлены у коров III группы 26,2 кг, превосходство над сверстницами контрольной группы по этому показателю составило 4,3 кг, или 19,6. По скорости молокоотдачи животные контрольной группы уступали сверстницам опытных групп. Индекс вымени во всех группах был достаточно высоким, и составлял по 1й лактации 44,846,2, по 3й 45,347,4. Суточные удои коров по 3 лактации возросли. Доказана зависимость между величиной вымени и удоем за лактацию. Интенсивное выращивание подопытных телок с добавлением пробиотического препарата положительно отразилось на увеличении у них промеров вымени, когда они стали коровами, что способствовало повышению удоев с 1по 3 лактации. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп по 1 лактации превышали сверстниц контрольной на 1,44,3 кг. По 3 лактации превышение составило 1,45,4 кг. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по функциональным свойствам вымени.Functional properties of udders of Holstein cow breed of Australian selection grown with the use of increased norms of milk feeding and the addition of Cellobacterine probiotic preparation were studied. Research was carried out on the basis of agricultural enterprise located on the territory of Krasnodar region using the offspring of Hostein cow breed of Australian selection imported in 2008. 4 groups of test cow calves consisting of 16 animals (n64) received from Reflection Sovereign bred heifers 198998 were formed to carry out the experiment. There was group I which was used as control, and groups II, III, and IV which were used as test groups. Animals had similar origin, live weight and age. The groups were differentiated by growth technology. Cow calves from the control group were grown according to the traditional technology, and animals from group II, III, and IV received experimental feed. Nonuniform quantity of feeds of animal origin and probiotic preparation were included in feed rations of cow calves from test groups. After calving it was found that test cows were superior to animals from control group I in udder circumference by 0.83.0 cm. During the third lactation period the differences according to the studied measurements of test groups amounted to 1.3 3.5 cm. Analysis of udder depth measurements during the first and the third lactation period showed the same tendency towards increasing as during the analysis of udder circumference. The highest daily milk yield was registered in the cows from group III 26.2kg, the superiority to the cows from the control group in this parameter amounted to 4.3 kg or 19.6. Milk flow speed of control group animals was inferior to that of the cows from test groups. Udder index was rather high in all of the groups and during the first lactation period amounted to 44.846.2, the third 45.3.47.4. Daily milk yield increased during the third lactation period. The dependence of the size of the udder on milk yield per lactation was proved. Intensive growth of test cow calves with the addition of probiotic preparation positively influenced the increase in udder measurements when they became grown cows, which facilitated the increase in milk yield from the first to the third lactation period. It was found during the first lactation period test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group by 1.4 4.3 kg. The increase amounted to 1.4 5.4 kg during the third lactation period. It was also found that test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group in terms of udder functional properties.


2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG SOO JUNG ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
JAMES A. BYRD ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
RANDLE W. MOORE ◽  
...  

The effects of two feed supplements on Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of market-age broilers were determined. Broilers orally challenged 6 days before slaughter with a novobiocin- and nalidixic acid–resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were divided into one of four groups (20 birds each). The first group (the control group) received no treatment, the second group received sodium nitrate (SN) treatment (574 mg of NaNO3 per kg of feed), the third group received experimental chlorate product (ECP) treatment (15 mM NaClO3 equivalents), and the fourth group received ECP treatment in combination with SN treatment. The SN treatment was administered via feed for 5 days immediately before slaughter, and ECP was provided via ad libitum access to drinking water for the last 2 days before slaughter. Cecal contents were subjected to bacterial analysis. Significant (P &lt; 0.05) Salmonella Typhimurium reductions (ca. 2 log units) relative to levels for untreated control broilers were observed for broilers receiving ECP in combination with SN. The ECP-only treatment resulted in significant (P &lt; 0.05) reductions (ca. 0.8 log) of Salmonella Typhimurium in trial 2. We hypothesize that increasing Salmonella Typhimurium nitrate reductase activity resulted in increased enzymatic reduction of chlorate to chlorite, with a concomitant decrease in cecal Salmonella Typhimurium levels. On the basis of these results, preadaptation with SN followed by ECP supplementation immediately preharvest could be a potential strategy for the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers.


2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
N. H. AL-FALAHI

This study was done on 29 mature rabbits to observe the effect of sub mucosa of small intestine of sheep inthe healing of avulsion wound in rabbits, animals divided to three equal groups:First group: The avulsion wound in the thigh region was left without treatment, just covering with bandage andconsidered as a control group.Second group: Treatment of clean avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosaof small intestine which previously prepared.Third group: Treatment of infected avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosaof small intestine which previously prepared.The results of this study show that the sub mucosas of small intestine have the ability to enhance healing of thewound with little formation of scar tissue.The macroscopic finding show the faster in approximation of wound edges in groups two and three in the secondweek and with little formation of granulation and the wound site be similar to normal skin in the third week ascompared with control group in which the healing occur by formation of scar tissue observed in the third weekand continue to the forth week, while The histopathological finding show faster in organization of granulationtissue in the second week in groups two and three and the tissue appeared similar to normal skin in the third week,while in control group show increase in formation of granulation tissue which continue until the third week


Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Linlin Wei ◽  
Zhihui Zhao

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the inflammation response with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge. In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 replications: CON group, basal diet; AS group, basal diet + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water; ASC group, basal diet + 200 mg/kg COS + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water. The results indicated that COS upregulated (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) of the small intestine, duodenum, and ileum; mucosal glutathione peroxidase activity; jejunum and ileum mucosal total antioxidant capacity; duodenum and ileum mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 level; jejunum mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-10 level; the mRNA expression level of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum, claudin in the duodenum, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 in the jejunum, and heme oxygenase-1 in the duodenum and ileum; and the protein expression of ZO-1 and claudin in jejunum; however, it downregulated (p < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level; small intestine mucosal malondialdehyde content; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-6 level; jejunum mucosal TNF-α level; and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the duodenum and jejunum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggested COS could maintain intestinal integrity under oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal oxidative status and release of inflammatory cytokines.


Author(s):  
Oktay Arda ◽  
Ulkü Noyan ◽  
Selgçk Yilmaz ◽  
Mustafa Taşyürekli ◽  
İsmail Seçkin ◽  
...  

Turkish dermatologist, H. Beheet described the disease as recurrent triad of iritis, oral aphthous lesions and genital ulceration. Auto immune disease is the recent focus on the unknown etiology which is still being discussed. Among the other immunosupressive drugs, CyA included in it's treatment newly. One of the important side effects of this drug is gingival hyperplasia which has a direct relation with the presence of teeth and periodontal tissue. We are interested in the ultrastructure of immunocompetent target cells that were affected by CyA in BD.Three groups arranged in each having 5 patients with BD. Control group was the first and didn’t have CyA treatment. Patients who had CyA, but didn’t show gingival hyperplasia assembled the second group. The ones displaying gingival hyperplasia following CyA therapy formed the third group. GMC of control group and their granules are shown in FIG. 1,2,3. GMC of the second group presented initiation of supplementary cellular activity and possible maturing functional changes with the signs of increased number of mitochondria and accumulation of numerous dense cored granules next to few normal ones, FIG. 4,5,6.


Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.


Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.


Author(s):  
L. Gamko ◽  
T. Tarinskaya

It is known that necessary to replace the components of organic acids, which are part of acidifiers when drinking water to poultry in order to prevent the adaptation of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the poultry industry organic acids are widely used, which are used as acidifiers to preserve the properties of water consumed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of broiler meat production when using acidifying agents of drinking water Aquasafe and Veleguard. The experimental part of the work has been performed in JSC “Kurinoe Tsarstvo-Bryansk” broiler area “Roshcha” in the Pochepsky district. The object of research was the livestock of broiler chickens cross Cobb 500 at floor housing. The effect of water acidifiers on meat productivity has been studied. Groups of chickens have been formed on the principle of pairs-analogues. Broiler chickens of experimental groups have been separated from the main livestock by a grid in the corner of the room for 100 heads in each group. It has been found by a result of research to be optimal dose usage of acidifying agents water Aquasafe and Veleguard to drink to broiler chickens. The positive effect of these acidifiers on the digestion of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, contributing to the effective use of nitrogen, which led to an increase in the intensity of growth, young animals’ livability and improved feed conversion. Slaughter yield in the control group was 55,1 %, and in the experimental group 57,2 and 58,4 %, which was by 2,1 and 3,3 % higher with the same level of metabolic energy and nutrients. In chickens that consumed acidifi ers more intensively used nutrients feed for deposition in the body of the components of the carcass, which affected the production. A positive impact of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard on meat quality in broiler chickens has been found.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1666-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Bingkun Zhang

Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is rapidly increasing around the world. Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in vegetables and fruits and has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological activities such as enhancing antioxidant capacity or suppressing inflammation. Objective: We aimed to explore whether quercetin was effective for IBD and the underlying mechanism of quercetin for the ameliorative effects on the DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods: Thirty-six mice were randomly assigned to three treatments, including the control group (Ctr), DSS-induced colitis group (DSS) and DSS-induced colitis supplemented with 500 ppm quercetin (DQ500). Colitis was induced by DSS intake, and body weight was recorded every day. After six days administration of DSS, intestinal permeability was measured, and the liver was taken for antioxidant enzyme tests. Colonic tissue was taken for the histopathlogical score and RNA-sequencing analysis. Results: In this experiment, dietary quercetin for 500ppm alleviated the DSS-induced colitis, possibly by strengthening intestinal integrity, liver antioxidant capacity. Based on the results of the transcriptome of colon tissue, several key genes were modulated by quercetin. ERK1/2-FKBP pathway and RXR-STAT3 pathway were involved in the development of IBD, furthermore, in the down-regulation of S100a8/9, FBN2 contributed to lowering the risk of colongenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that dietary quercetin alleviated the DSS-induced colitis in mice. This is most likely due to its beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and modulation of several key pathways. Based on our research, quercetin was a promising candidate for IBD and its pharmaceutical effects on both IBD and colongenesis need further research.


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