scholarly journals The Protect Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Integrity by Regulating Oxidative Status and Inflammation under Oxidative Stress

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Linlin Wei ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Α Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the inflammation response with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge. In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 replications: CON group, basal diet; AS group, basal diet + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water; ASC group, basal diet + 200 mg/kg COS + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water. The results indicated that COS upregulated (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) of the small intestine, duodenum, and ileum; mucosal glutathione peroxidase activity; jejunum and ileum mucosal total antioxidant capacity; duodenum and ileum mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 level; jejunum mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-10 level; the mRNA expression level of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum, claudin in the duodenum, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 in the jejunum, and heme oxygenase-1 in the duodenum and ileum; and the protein expression of ZO-1 and claudin in jejunum; however, it downregulated (p < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level; small intestine mucosal malondialdehyde content; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-6 level; jejunum mucosal TNF-α level; and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the duodenum and jejunum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggested COS could maintain intestinal integrity under oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal oxidative status and release of inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Rats Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Lilong An ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Oxidative stress is induced by excessive oxidative radicals, which directly react with biomolecules, and damage lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell or organ injury. Supplementation of antioxidants to animals can be an effective way to modulate the antioxidant system. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin, which has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing competency. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with COS alleviates the damage caused by oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON, control group, in which rats were fed a basal diet with normal drinking water; AS, H2O2 group, in which rats were fed the basal diet and 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water; ASC, AS + COS group, in which rats were fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS, and with 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water. In vitro, COS exhibited better radical scavenging capacity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). In vivo, dietary supplementation with COS alleviated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage, evidenced by comparatively increasing activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, and T-AOC, and comparatively decreasing level of MDA in serum, liver, spleen, and kidney. COS also comparatively alleviated the H2O2-induced inflammation. In conclusion, COS supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant capacity in Sprague Dawley rats, which were challenged with H2O2.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Kwang Kim ◽  
Young Jang ◽  
Yoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

scholarly journals Sparassis crispa Intake Improves the Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production That Occurs upon Exhaustive Exercise in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Uchida ◽  
Naoki Horii ◽  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Eri Oyanagi ◽  
Hiromi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Sparassis Crispa ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Myd88 Protein

Our previous study showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production is inhibited by acute exhaustive exercise in mice, leading to transient immunodepression after exercise. Sparassis crispa (SC), an edible mushroom, has immunopotentiative properties. This study aimed to clarify the effects of SC intake on reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production upon exhaustive exercise in mice. Male C3H/HeN mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal chow intake + resting sedentary, normal chow intake + acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise, and SC intake (chow containing 5% SC powder for 8 weeks) + the exhaustive exercise groups. Each group was injected with LPS immediately after the exhaustive exercise or rest. Plasma and tissue TNF-α levels were significantly decreased by exhaustive exercise. However, this reduction of the TNF-α level was partially attenuated in the plasma and small intestine by SC intake. Although levels of TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression were significantly decreased in tissues by exhaustive exercise, the reduction of TLR4 and MyD88 levels in the small intestine was partially attenuated by SC intake. These results suggest that SC intake attenuates exhaustive exercise-induced reduction of TNF-α production via the retention of TLR4 and MyD88 expression in the small intestine.

scholarly journals Oxidative and Epigenetic Changes and Gut Permeability Response in Early-Treated Chickens with Antibiotic or Probiotic

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Paweł Konieczka ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Jan Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Faecium Strain

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the use of enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains in the first week of life of chickens on oxidative and epigenetic changes in molecules and intestinal integrity. The three treatments were as follows: the control group received no additive in the drinking water (GC); the second group (GP) received a probiotic preparation in the drinking water during the first five days of life, providing E. faecium strain 4a1713 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water and B. amyloliquefaciens 4b1822 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water, the third group (GA) received an antibiotic (enrofloxacin 0.5 mL/L water) in the drinking water during the first five days of life. The use of both enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing E. faecium and B. amyloliquefaciens strains in chickens’ first week of life improved intestinal integrity and reduced inflammation and oxidative and epigenetic changes in the small intestine. This effect was evident both at 6 days of age and at the end of the rearing period.

Upregulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. G264-G273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Sahai ◽  
Padmini Malladi ◽  
Hector Melin-Aldana ◽  
Richard M. Green ◽  
Peter F. Whitington
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Th1 Cytokine

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly defined. Feeding mice a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD diet) induces experimental NASH. Osteopontin (OPN) is a Th1 cytokine that plays an important role in several fibroinflammatory diseases. We examined the role of OPN in the development of experimental NASH. A/J mice were fed MCD or control diet for up to 12 wk, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver histology, oxidative stress, and the expressions of OPN, TNF-α, and collagen I were assessed at various time points. MCD diet-fed mice developed hepatic steatosis starting after 1 wk and inflammation by 2 wk; serum ALT increased from day 3. Hepatic collagen I mRNA expression increased during 1–4 wk, and fibrosis appeared at 8 wk. OPN protein expression was markedly increased on day 1 of MCD diet and persisted up to 8 wk, whereas OPN mRNA expression was increased at week 4. TNF-α expression was increased from day 3 to 2 wk, and evidence of oxidative stress did not appear until 8 wk. Increased expression of OPN was predominantly localized in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes in culture also produced OPN, which was stimulated by transforming growth factor-β and TNF-α. Moreover, MCD diet-induced increases in serum ALT levels, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis were markedly reduced in OPN−/− mice when compared with OPN+/+ mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an upregulation of OPN expression early in the development of steatohepatitis and suggest an important role for OPN in signaling the onset of liver injury and fibrosis in experimental NASH.

Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients with MODS ameliorated by continuous blood purification

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Qing Shen ◽  
Zhengrong Li ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Liman Li ◽  
Hua Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Monolayer ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monolayer Permeability ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Junction Proteins

Background: Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role in the pathophysiology of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Continuous blood purification (CBP) has been shown to improve the prognosis of SAP patients. In order to investigate the effect of CBP on intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients with MODS, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The markers for the assessment of intestinal mucosal barrier function including serum diamine oxidase (DAO), endotoxin and intestinal epithelial monolayer permeability were detected during CBP therapy. The distribution and expression of cytoskeleton protein F-actin and tight junction proteins claudin-1 were observed. In addition, Rho kinase (ROCK) mRNA expression and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels during CBP were determined. Results: SAP patients with MODS had increased levels of serum DAO, endotoxin and intestinal epithelial monolayer permeability when compared with normal controls. While the distribution of F-actin and claudin-1 was rearranged, and the expression of claudin-1 significantly decreased, but F-actin had no change. Meanwhile, ROCK mRNA expression and serum TNF-α level were increased. However, after CBP treatment, levels of serum DAO, endotoxin and intestinal epithelial monolayer permeability decreased. The F-actin and claudin-1 reorganization attenuated and the expression of claudin-1 increased. At the same time, ROCK mRNA expression and serum TNF-α level were decreased. Conclusions: CBP can effectively improve intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. The beneficial effect is associated with the improvement of cytoskeleton and tight junction proteins in stability by downregulation of ROCK mRNA expression through the removal of excess proinflammatory factors.

scholarly journals Dietary quercetin ameliorates TPT-induced hepatic oxidative damage and apoptosis in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunnuan Zhang ◽  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Hongtao Ren ◽  
Junhui Wang ◽  
Dongxue Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Apoptotic Gene ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Quercetin Treatment

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of quercetin on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by TPT in zebrafish. 240 fish were divided into 4 groups with three repeats. D1: fish fed with the basal diet as the control group. D2: fish fed with basal diet and exposed in 10 ng/L TPT. D3: fish fed diets containing 100 mg/Kg quercetin and exposed in 10ng/L TPT. D4: fish fed diets containing 100 mg/Kg quercetin. The results showed that quercetin could ameliorate oxidative stress, which decreased MDA, NO levels and improved antioxidant enzyme activities. The key apoptotic gene expressions, including caspase3, Bax and caspase9 mRNA expression were significantly induced by TPT exposure as compared with the control group, while notably decreased the Bcl-2 gene. However, dietary quercetin prevented a significant increase in Bax, caspase3 and caspase9 mRNA levels induced by TPT exposure, but increased Bcl-2 mRNA levels. The results of our study also demonstrated that 10 ng/L TPT significantly up-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-kB p65 gene expression and down-regulated IL-10 and IkB expression compared to the control group. However, TPT-induced inflammation was significantly mitigated in the quercetin treatment group. In conclusion, our findings suggested that quercetin might alleviate hepatic oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by TPT.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan affects metabolism of arachidonic acid in weaned piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Li ◽  
Y.-Q. Xu ◽  
B.-L. Shi ◽  
D.-S. Sun ◽  
S.-M. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of chitosan on immune function via arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 180 piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan/kg feed, respectively. Results showed that serum AA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) contents in piglets were increased in a linear or quadratic dose-dependent manner with increasing chitosan on day 28 (P &lt; 0.05). Chitosan increased serum cytosolic-phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity in a linear or quadratic dose-dependent manner on day 14 or 28, and improved 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity in a linear manner and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity quadratically on day 28 (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, chitosan elevated gene expression of cPLA2 mRNA quadratically in the small intestine on days 14 and 28, increased the COX-2 mRNA expression in the duodenum or jejunum in a linear or quadratic manner on day 28, and improved the 5-LOX mRNA expression quadratically in the small intestine (P &lt; 0.05). These results implied that the metabolism of AA was regulated by chitosan in a dose-dependent relationship, which may be one reason why chitosan affected immune function via AA pathway in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals The Role of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Eucommia ulmoides Flavones Regulating Oxidative Stress in the Intestine of Piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingfu Xiao ◽  
Daixiu Yuan ◽  
Bihui Tan ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Expressions

Eucommia ulmoides flavones (EUF) have been demonstrated to alleviate oxidative stress and intestinal damage in piglets, but their effect target is still poorly understood. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a very important role in the defense mechanism. This study was designed to investigate the regulation of EUF on the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of Nrf2 on oxidative stress in the intestine of piglets. An in vivo study was conducted in weaned piglets treated with basal diet, basal diet+diquat, and 100 mg/kg EUF diet+diquat for 14 d to determine Nrf2 and Keap1 protein expressions, as well as downstream antioxidant gene mRNA expression. An in vitro study was performed in a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line to investigate the effect of inhibiting Nrf2 on cell growth and intracellular oxidative stress parameters. The results showed that the supplementation of EUF decreased the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration and the ratio of GSSG to glutathione (GSH) but increased the protein expressions of nuclear Nrf2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) as well as mRNA expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) in the small intestinal mucosa of diquat-challenged piglets. When Nrf2 was inhibited by using ML385, cell viability, cellular antioxidant activities, expressions of nuclear Nrf2 and Keap1 protein, and downstream antioxidant enzyme (HO-1, NQO-1, and GCLC) mRNA were decreased in paraquat-treated enterocytes. These results showed that the Nrf2 signaling pathway played an important role in EUF-regulating oxidative stress in the intestine of piglets.

scholarly journals Effects of Ursolic Acid on Intestinal Health and Gut Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Peng ◽  
Haihan Zhang ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Zehe Song
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Tnf Α

Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been widely reported to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of UA on the intestinal homeostasis and gut microbiota were rarely explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of UA on intestinal health and gut microflora antibiotic-resistance in antibiotic-exposed mice. Kunming mice (n = 80) were randomly allocated into three groups and fed with one of the following diets, respectively: Cont group (n = 20), the basal diet; UA group (n = 20), the basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg UA; Tet group (n = 40), the basal diet supplemented with 659 mg/kg chlortetracycline. After 14 days, 10 mice in each group were euthanatized and the remaining 30 mice in the Tet group were randomly allocated into three sub-groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: the Tet group which were kept feeding a Tet diet for 14 days; the Natural Restoration (NatR) group which received a basal diet for 14 days; and the UA therapy (UaT) group which fed a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg UA for 14 days. Throughout the experiment, the weight and the food intake of each mouse were recorded once weekly. Serum LPS and diamine oxidase (DAO), jejunal morphology, jejunal tight junction proteins and nutrient transporters, colonic inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota and its antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) were examined at euthanasia. The results showed that UA treatment significantly increased average daily food intake (ADFI) of mice. Notably, UA increased the jejunal villi height, decreased the jejunal crypt depth and promoted the expression of jejunum nutrient transporters. UaT group had higher villi height, lower crypt depth and higher nutrient transporter mRNA expression in jejunum than NatR group. Besides, UA decreased serum DAO content, upregulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin and downregulated TNF-α and IL-6. The mRNA abundances of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin and TNF-α and IL-6 in UaT group were, respectively upregulated and downregulated than NatR group. Furthermore, an analysis of 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that UA increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut. And the results of ARG test showed that UA downregulated the expression of antibiotic-induced resistance genes. The UaT group inhibited the increase of harmful bacteria abundance and suppressed the mRNA abundances of ARG compared to the NatR group. In conclusion, considering the positive effects of UA on the growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier, we anticipate that these findings could be a stepping stone for developing UA as a novel substitute of antibiotics.

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