scholarly journals Ketide Synthase (KS) Domain Prediction and Analysis of Iterative Type II PKS Gene in Marine Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria Producing Biosurfactants and Antimicrobial Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Selvin ◽  
Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan ◽  
Anuj N. Lipton ◽  
Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi ◽  
Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Domain Prediction ◽  
Type Ii Pks

scholarly journals Genome mining and biosynthesis of kitacinnamycins as a STING activator

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4839-4846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Cheng Li Liu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Wen Jie Guo ◽  
Jiapeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Mining ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Type Ii Pks

Genome mining targeting unique type II PKS and NRPS led to the identification of a novel class of glycopeptides named kitacinnamycins.

scholarly journals Persister cells: formation, resuscitation and combative therapies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Wainwright ◽  
Glyn Hobbs ◽  
Ismini Nakouti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Direct Killing

AbstractPersister cells, or superfits, have been strongly implicated in the recalcitrance and recurrence of chronic bacterial infection through the dormant (metabolically reduced) phenotype they display and the tolerance to antimicrobial agents this dormancy grants them. The complex biochemical events that lead to the formation of persister cells are not completely understood, though much research has linked the degradation of type II toxin/antitoxin systems and reduced cellular ATP levels to the rise in stress response molecules (where (p)ppGpp is of particular interest), which induce this dormant state. The equally complex mechanism of resuscitation is initiated by the cells’ ability to sense nutrient availability via chemotaxis systems. Levels of secondary messenger proteins (i.e., cAMP) within the cell are reduced to allow the resuscitation of ribosomes, by ribosomal resuscitation factor HflX, to reinstate protein synthesis and, therefore, growth to re-populate. Techniques of superfit eradication utilise one, or more, of three approaches (i) direct killing, (ii) re-sensitising persister cells to conventional antimicrobials, or (iii) prevention of persister formation though few laboratory findings have been translated to clinical practice. This work will outline current findings in the field with a critical approach, where possible.

Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Three Type II PKS Gene Clusters fromStreptomyces bottropensis

ChemBioChem ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yan ◽  
Katharina Probst ◽  
Anton Linnenbrink ◽  
Moritz Arnold ◽  
Thomas Paululat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pks

scholarly journals Differential Expression of ccrA in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carrying Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type II and IVa Elements

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4556-4558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Higgins ◽  
Adriana E. Rosato ◽  
Harald Seifert ◽  
Gordon L. Archer ◽  
Hilmar Wisplinghoff
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT Excision of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) is mediated through the ccrA- and -B-encoded recombinases. We investigated the effects of different antimicrobial agents on ccrA expression by using a ccrA::lacZ fusion and reverse transcription-PCR with methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains MW2 (SCCmec IVa) and N315 (SCCmec II). Upregulation of ccrA was observed upon exposure to β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin increased ccrA expression in MW2 but had no effect on N315. Vancomycin may contribute to the transfer of SCCmec IVa but have no effect in SCCmec II.

Post Polyketide Synthase Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Type-II PKS-Derived Natural Products fromStreptomyces venezuelae

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1876-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Robertson ◽  
Jeanna M. MacLeod ◽  
Logan W. MacIntyre ◽  
Stephanie. M. Forget ◽  
Steven R. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Type Ii Pks

scholarly journals Genome-based analysis of the type II PKS biosynthesis pathway of xanthones in Streptomyces caelestis and their antifungal activity

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (64) ◽  
pp. 37376-37383
Author(s):  
Ling-Li Liu ◽  
Hong-Fei Liu ◽  
Hua-Hua Gao ◽  
Zheng-Zhong Yang ◽  
Xiao-Lan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Liquid Fermentation ◽  
Type Ii Pks

The ethyl acetate extract from the liquid fermentation of S. caelestis Aw99c exhibited high and broad antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Biogeography of Actinomycete Communities and Type II Polyketide Synthase Genes in Soils Collected in New Jersey and Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2982-2989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Wawrik ◽  
Djumaniyaz Kutliev ◽  
Urinova A. Abdivasievna ◽  
Jerome J. Kukor ◽  
Gerben J. Zylstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Type Ii Pks

ABSTRACT Soil microbial communities are believed to be comprised of thousands of different bacterial species. One prevailing idea is that “everything is everywhere, and the environment selects,” implying that all types of bacteria are present in all environments where their growth requirements are met. We tested this hypothesis using actinomycete communities and type II polyketide synthase (PKS) genes found in soils collected from New Jersey and Uzbekistan (n = 91). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using actinomycete 16S rRNA and type II PKS genes was employed to determine community profiles. The terminal fragment frequencies in soil samples had a lognormal distribution, indicating that the majority of actinomycete phylotypes and PKS pathways are present infrequently in the environment. Less than 1% of peaks were detected in more than 50% of samples, and as many as 18% of the fragments were unique and detected in only one sample. Actinomycete 16S rRNA fingerprints clustered by country of origin, indicating that unique populations are present in North America and Central Asia. Sequence analysis of type II PKS gene fragments cloned from Uzbek soil revealed 35 novel sequence clades whose levels of identity to genes in the GenBank database ranged from 68 to 92%. The data indicate that actinomycetes are patchily distributed but that distinct populations are present in North American and Central Asia. These results have implications for microbial bioprospecting and indicate that the cosmopolitan actinomycete species and PKS pathways may account for only a small proportion of the total diversity in soil.

scholarly journals A Mutation in Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase Conferring Quinolone Resistance Results in Sensitivity to Drugs Targeting Eukaryotic Topoisomerase II

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 4495-4504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gruger ◽  
John L. Nitiss ◽  
Anthony Maxwell ◽  
E. Lynn Zechiedrich ◽  
Peter Heisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that target type II topoisomerases. Many fluoroquinolones are highly specific for bacterial type II topoisomerases and act against both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. In Escherichia coli, mutations causing quinolone resistance are often found in the gene that encodes the A subunit of DNA gyrase. One common site for resistance-conferring mutations alters Ser83, and mutations to Leu or Trp result in high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones. In the present study we demonstrate that the mutation of Ser83 to Trp in DNA gyrase (GyrS83W) also results in sensitivity to agents that are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic topoisomerase II but that are normally inactive against prokaryotic enzymes. Epipodophyllotoxins, such as etoposide, teniposide and amino-azatoxin, inhibited the DNA supercoiling activity of GyrS83W, and the enzyme caused elevated levels of DNA cleavage in the presence of these agents. The DNA sequence preference for GyrS83W-induced cleavage sites in the presence of etoposide was similar to that seen with eukaryotic type II topoisomerases. Introduction of the GyrS83W mutation in E. coli strain RFM443-242 by site-directed mutagenesis sensitized it to epipodophyllotoxins and amino-azatoxin. Our results demonstrate that sensitivity to agents that target topoisomerase II is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes, suggesting that drug interaction domains are also well conserved and likely occur in domains important for the biochemical activities of the enzymes.

Identification of the common biosynthetic gene cluster for both antimicrobial streptoaminals and antifungal 5-alkyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2370-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Ozaki ◽  
Ryosuke Sugiyama ◽  
Morito Shimomura ◽  
Shinichi Nishimura ◽  
Shumpei Asamizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Type Ii Pks

The new subfamily of type II PKS gene cluster is responsible for biosynthesis of structurally distinct streptoaminals (STAMs) and 5-alkyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (5aTHQs).

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