Disuguaglianze sociali e stratificazione occupazionale

2009 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Enrica Amaturo ◽  
Antonio de Lillo

- The article intends to supply a general theoretical picture within which the meanings of the concepts of social inequality and social stratification are explained, and the dimensions through which is possible to analyze such concepts are specified. A critical treatment is then devoted to the use of the Social evaluation of the occupations scale.Key words: Social Stratification, Social inequality, Stratification Scale, Social evaluation of the occupational scale, Prestige, Power

2009 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Amalia Caputo ◽  
Daniela Napoletano

- In this article the authors analyse the social evaluation of occupations, examining the impact of generation on the judgments about the social desirability of occupations. The authors show that some generational differences are noticeable when looking at the criteria that respondents use to order occupations.Key words: Generation, Labor flexibility, Evaluation criteria, Labor market, Social Stratification, Occupational Stratification Scale


2009 ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Parziale ◽  
Ivano Scotti

- Groups In this paper the social evaluation of occupations is analyzed, examining the social class and occupational group of valuers. The hypothesis is that the evaluation of occupations is the consequence of a mediation between the sociocultural system and the lived working experience.Key words: Social stratification, Social class, Social evaluation, Job situation, Social perception, Social change


2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Qvotrup Jensen ◽  
Ann-Dorte Christensen

Intersektionalitetsbegrebet indebærer, at sociale differentieringsformer som køn, klasse, etnicitet og ”race” er gensidigt konstituerende både på et identitetsmæssigt og strukturelt niveau. Begrebet har haft stor gennemslagskraft og bidraget positivt til fornyelse af dansk og international kønsforskning. Da begrebet rummer potentialer til analyser af komplekse sociale differentieringer, er det imidlertid også relevant for en bredere sociologi. Nutidige højt differentierede samfund fordrer således begreber og metodologier, som er egnede til at gribe kompleksitet. Intersektionalitetstænkningen har teorihistoriske rødder i amerikansk sort standpunktsfeminisme. I Danmark blev begrebet først anvendt af poststrukturalistiske socialpsykologer, som gentænkte det og gjorde det velegnet til at analysere, hvordan komplekse identiteter skabes i hverdagslivet. Senere er begrebet blevet anvendt af kønsforskere med andre faglige og videnskabsteoretiske udgangspunkter. I artiklen fremhæves det, at intersektionalitetsbegrebet kan anvendes til at producere forskellige typer sociologisk viden. I den forbindelse præsenteres en typologi over forskellige tilgange til intersektionalitetsanalyser, som bruges som afsæt til at skitsere tre eksempler på analyser af social ulighed og eksklusion. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Sune Qvotrup Jensen and Ann-Dorte Christensen: Inter-sectionality as a Sociological Concept Contemporary highly differentiated societies require concepts and methodologies which are suited for grasping complexity. Intersectionality is a fruitful approach to analyze this complexity because social forms of differentiation such as gender, class, ethnicity and “race” are understood as mutually co-constructing at the level of individual identities and at the level of social structures. Intersectionality is a travelling concept which is theoretically rooted in black American feminism. In Denmark, the concept was first used by post-structuralist social psychologists, who adapted it to analyzing how complex identities were created in everyday life. Later on the concept was later taken up by gender researchers within the social sciences. This article analyses how the concept of intersectionality can be used to produce different types of sociological knowledge. It introduces a typology of approaches to intersectionality analyses, which serves as the backdrop for three examples of analyses of social inequality and exclusion. Key words: Intersectionality, complexity, social differentiation, gender, class, ethnicity.


Author(s):  
Raj Kollmorgen

Social inequality means the existence of social status groups and, therefore, a normatively embedded structure of social stratification. This chapter deals with social inequalities and their dynamics as conditional and causal factors and as results of processes of radical change. Concerning the first aspect, the chapter discusses social class inequalities and dynamics of (absolute) impoverishment, relative deprivation, and rising expectations among certain social groups that may determine ‘transformative’ pressure or even revolutionary situations. Regarding the impact of social transformations on social inequalities, the chapter suggests that the more radical and complex the social transformations, the greater are their effects on social structures and regimes of social inequality. This thesis is underpinned by providing empirical findings on social mobility and income inequality in different historical waves and (sub-)types of transformation. Finally, the chapter identifies seven crucial bundles of factors determining the extent of income inequality as an outcome of current societal transformations and their characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-574
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou

Subjective social status is an individual's perception of his/her position in the social stratum, and it shapes social inequality in a perceived way. By using the China Family Panel Studies and employing growth curve modeling strategies, this article examines the subjective social status trajectories of Chinese people between 2010 and 2018 and how these trajectories are shaped by objective social status. The empirical findings show that the distribution of subjective social status in each wave (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) presents a middle-class identification, which means that the majority of people tend to position their subjective social status at the middle level, while the overall trend in average subjective social status has increased over time. The results of trajectory analysis show that different objective socioeconomic status indicators have different effects on the baseline value and rate of growth in subjective social status, which suggests that the trajectories of subjective social status are influenced by multiple determinants in China. While education, income and political capital reduce the gaps between the classes in subjective social status over time, wealth and employment status enlarge these gaps and thus enhance subjective social inequality. This article highlights the gradient effect that wealth has on the dynamics of subjective social status and helps us to better understand subjective social stratification in contemporary China.


2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482092065
Author(s):  
Dennis Rosenberg

This study examined the interactive effect of ethnicity and e-government use on trust in government and of ethnicity and trust in government on e-government use by means of social inequality approaches outlined in Internet sociology studies. The data for the study was obtained from the 2017 Israel Social Survey. It was found that Arabs from small localities with varying levels of trust in government are less likely to use e-government than Israeli Jews with the same levels of trust. Yet they are more likely than Israeli Jews to have some degree of trust in government. Arabs from large localities differ from Israeli Jews in terms of e-government use only when they have some degree of trust in government. However, they do not differ from Israeli Jews regarding the trust itself. The results provide support for the social stratification approach and a justification for treating disadvantaged minorities according to the size of their residential localities.


Author(s):  
S. Grishaeva

Digital revolution led to severe society modifications, including social structure transformation, primarily due to virtual reality existing simultaneously with reality. Despite that, one of the reasons of this transformation is post-modernism, that includes pluralism as well. As a result, individualized consciousness appears and formation of an increasingly heterogeneous society, the “minority society” begins. On the basis of these minority groups, relatively closed and self-sufficient communities can be created, i.e. neotribalism (according to L. Ionin). The variability of the social environment forms a new character of social inequality, which becomes “fluid”, uncertain, difficult to identify. The article considers new directions for studying social stratification, social inequality and social mobility, as well as issues of identity transformation in a changing society: digitalization makes the social structure dynamic, identity boundaries become fragile and unstable. The results of a sociological study of the social activity of young people on the Internet are described and analyzed. The primary sociological data features certain rationality of young people in evaluating the objectivity of information Internet resources, their ability to determine “discourse, that is, argumentation” in favor of certain forms of using the Internet’s capabilities. It is interesting to note that a significant part of the respondents admits the possibility of information distortion in social networks, but at the same time remains their regular participants. Thus, there is a need for a more serious social diagnosis of the problems of modern digital (network) society.


2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Piankova

The article is devoted to one of the elder town’s income-expenditure book which is considered as a source for the social stratification of the city of Lviv from 1404 to 1414. The main problems which are stated from the analysis of the book’s registries (registrum) connected to the citizen’s status and their occupation. It is also revealed the peculiarities of the connections between the city authorities and inhabitants. The account registries of the book exposed the average quantity of the dwellers who were obliged to pay a different kind of taxes, especially a szos which was levied from the citizens who had the property. Additionally, it showed that the registrum of the book could also be interpreted not only as an economic constituent of Lviv in the 15th century but also as a source for the depiction of the various spheres of citizen lives. For instance, the taxes registers provided a broad range of communities which were engaged in merchantry, craftsmanship, renovation work, and light manufacturing. We could find in the sources their titles, names, and sort of occupation. Notably, most of the citizens who were involved in a different kind of work received from the town’s government encouragement in the form of monetary payments and another benefit. The texts of the registries at the book have also shown capitulary of the middle ages Lviv streets. According to this, my presumption was stated to account how many dwellers had lived at the one the street and even if they did how it is calculated due to the average amount of Lviv’s citizens. Forasmuch as the Polish historian Stanislaw Kutrzeba idea was stated that at the beginning of the 15th century it was at least 2481 citizens of Lviv. Key words: Lviv, accounts book, szos taxes, citizens, properties.


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 515-526
Author(s):  
Bila Sorj ◽  
Alexandre Fraga

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leave policies and social inequalities. It seeks to analyze the historical course of maternity and paternity leave legislation in Brazil, and also provides quantitative evidence that access to leave is impacted by social stratification, revealing different inequalities. Design/methodology/approach To investigate access to leave policies, this study uses data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua Anual de 2017 (Annual National Continuous Household Sampling Survey of 2017), conducted by IBGE/Brazil. Findings The results point out the existence of inequalities in the conceptions of leave policies in Brazil, and lead to quantitative confirmation that access to leave is stratified and permeated by inequalities of gender, class, race and age. Social implications By pointing out the social inequalities resulting from the contributory scheme of maternity and paternity leave, the results of this paper may generate debate on the transformation of leave into a universal right of citizens and impact public policy agenda in the future. Originality/value This is the first Brazilian study to analyze the relationship between leave policy and social inequality through quantitative data, showing the existence of social stratification of gender, class, race and age concerning the employed population’s access to maternity and paternity leave.


2009 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Dora Gambardella ◽  
Antonietta De Feo

- In this essay the authors propose some reflections about the impact of gender on the social representation of the occupational structure: the change in social perception of the occupations has been analysed through an integrated perspective, that takes into account feminization effects and the broader changes in work and institutions over the last twenty years.Key words: Gender, Feminization of labour market, Skilled professions, Social stratification, Occupational Stratification Scale, Social desirability


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