scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on the in vitro flowering of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Tram Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Tu Cam Trinh ◽  
Viet Trang Bui
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Gibberellin Activity ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Initiation Stage

The flowering of terminal shoot of carnation has three stages: inflorescence, floral initiation and blooming. Respiration rate increased in the transition from the vegetative growth to the flowering and all the stages of flowering had high respiration rate. Auxin and gibberellin activities, the proportion of auxin to cytokinin increased, and the elongation of inflorescence stem began in the transition from the vegetative growth to floral initiation stage are involved. Auxin and cytokinin activity increased, the proportion of auxin to cytokinin and gibberellin activity decreased in the transition from the floral initiation to blooming stage. Most vegetative shoots became floral buds by two ways: one way induced by auxin with 0.25 mg/LIAA, and the other by cytokinin with 0.25 mg/L BA.

scholarly journals Influence of growth regulators and explants on shoot regeneration in carnation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kanwar ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of growth regulators, explants and their interactions on in vitro shoot bud formation from callus was studied in <I>Dianthus caryophyllus</I> L. The leaf and internode explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. The highest callus induction was observed with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). Out of twenty seven shoot regeneration media tested, only 2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or indole acetic acid (IAA) could differentiate calli. The highest average number of shoots was observed with 2 mg/l TDZ and 1 mg/l IAA. Significant differences were observed in calli producing shoots and number of shoots per callus in the explants of leaf and internode. The shoots were elongated and multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and solidified with 1% agar. The shoots were rooted and hardened with 76% survival success in pots after six weeks of transfer to the pots.

Organ culture with black cottonwood: morphogenetic response of female catkin primordia

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Bawa ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Catkin

Female catkin primordia of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G. ex Hook.) were cultured for 70 days on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium in vitro. Explants 2–3 mm long, and with bud scales removed, gave the best results, many of them developing floral structures characteristic of the female sex. There was a general tendency to callus formation with increasing age of the culture, occasionally followed by a reversal to vegetative growth. Catkin primordia raised on Wolter's medium without auxin or kinetin, but with 6-benzylaminopurine, and at 250 ft-c for a 16-h photoperiod, proliferated axillary shoots in loco of pistils.

scholarly journals Tratamento de matrizes de cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus L., Caryophyllaceae) com nitrogênio e calogênese in vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Telma Kazumi Hayashi ◽  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
Antônio Francisco de Campos Amaral ◽  
Murilo Melo
Keyword(s):  
Dianthus Caryophyllus

Indução de calogênese eficiente e multiplicação celular rápida são pré-requisitos fundamentais em biotecnologia de plantas. Sucesso na calogênese é dependente dos componentes do meio de cultura e da qualidade dos explantes. Neste trabalho é relatada a influência do tratamento de matrizes de Dianthus caryophyllus L. com nitrogênio na indução de calogênese in vitro. Mudas de cravo cultivadas em vasos contendo areia foram tratadas com soluções nutritivas contendo 5 níveis de nitrogênio. Explantes folha, entrenós e nó foram coletados aos 30, 45 e 60 dias após início dos tratamentos e inoculados em meio de cultura contendo os sais básicos e vitaminas de Murashige & Skoog (1962), suplementado com 1 g L-1 de caseína hidrolizada, 2 mimol L-1 de cinetina e 3 mimol L-1 de 2,4-D para indução da calogênese. Ao longo dos 60 dias de tratamento com as soluções nutritivas, as matrizes de cravo não apresentaram sintomas visíveis de deficiência ou de excesso do nutriente nitrogênio. O tratamento com nitrogênio afetou a calogênese avaliada em massa de matéria fresca e seca. A produção da massa de matéria fresca de calos foi proporcional ao tratamento com nitrogênio até concentração de 267 mg L-1 para explantes folha por durante 30 dias. Tratamentos mais prolongados (45 e 60 dias) afetaram negativamente a calogênese e foram inversamente proporcionais a concentração de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva.

scholarly journals Compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and insecticides used in coffee plantations

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Natali de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Lídio Sueki Kawazoe
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

Microbial control in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of coffee plantations is an important factor for the reduction of pest population densities. The use of selective pesticides can be associated with entomopathogens, increasing the efficiency of the control and reducing the use of required insecticides. The in vitro fungitoxic effect of insecticide formulations of Thiamethoxam, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos, Fenpropathrin and Endosulfan and Beauveria bassiana (CG 425 strain) was evaluated at three concentrations (FR = average field recommendation; 0.5 ´ FR and 2 ´ FR). Effects of these products on conidia germination, vegetative growth and sporulation were compared. Only five insecticides, at the FR concentration, promoted conidia viability higher than 60%. Viability should be considered the most important factor to be evaluated since it is the first step of the infection process. The insecticide formulations of Alpha-Cypermethrin, Thiamethoxam and Cyfluthrin caused the lower inhibition level on conidia germination at the two lower concentrations, with no difference in relation to the control. With respect to vegetative growth analysis, Thiamethoxam at the two lower concentrations was not found to cause radial growth inhibition. Thiamethoxam caused the smallest inhibition level with regard to conidia production. The use of Alpha-Cypermethrin and Thiamethoxam formulations in coffee IPM programs for a B. bassiana inoculum conservation strategy are recommended, since these products were compatible with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (CG 425), an important natural control agent of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

scholarly journals Plantlet formation from internode bases of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in vivo - useful to mutation breeding or not?

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
J.B.M. Custers
Keyword(s):  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation

After decapitation of the main shoot and subsequently the axillary shoots of carnation plants, annular zones extending between axils of opposite leaves produced numerous buds. Low temperatures (10-14 deg C) were essential for this bud formation, which was restricted to young internodes. The season affected the time till bud formation, and determined whether the buds were formed from the main axis or the laterals. Indications were found that these buds were adventitious. The possibility of using these buds in mutation breeding, and the possible risks if they are formed during clonal micropropagation in vitro, are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Diogo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Simony Carvalho Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mentha Piperita

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.

scholarly journals Dependence of the adaptive capacity of liver mitochondria on preparation method

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
H. Mazur ◽  
◽  
V. Merlavsky ◽  
B.O. Manko ◽  
V.V. Manko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Maximal Rate

When conducting studies on isolated hepatocytes, it is important to obtain cells that retain the functional properties that are characteristic of the whole organ. Increased blood viscosity during liver perfusion, decreased perfusion pressure in blood vessels, and hence hypoxia, are among the factors that may affect the functional state of isolated hepatocytes. The functional state of cells can be estimated by the adaptive capacity of mitochondria, by inducing maximal respiration rate by uncoupling respiration and oxidative phosphorylation due to the addition of FCCP. The research aimed to investigate the adaptive capacity of mitochondria of isolated hepatocytes using in situ and in vitro liver perfusion. Hepatocytes were isolated by the two-staged Seglen method by in situ and in vitro liver perfusion. Isolated hepatocytes, after 15-minute incubation in the medium without addition or with respective oxidative substrate – glutamine, pyruvate, succinate, monomethyl succinate, α-ketoglutarate, dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate (at a concentration of 2 mM) or glucose (10 mM) – were added into the respiratory chamber and FCCP was added in increasing concentrations. It was established that at in situ liver perfusion maximal rate of uncoupled respiration and the optimal concentration of FCCP was higher than at in vitro liver perfusion. Addition of exogenous substrates to a medium increased the respiration rate of hepatocytes. Upon in situ liver perfusion maximal uncoupled respiration rate increased at all causes except glucose, and at in vitro liver perfusion – only when dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate, succinate and monomethyl succinate were used. The optimal concentration of FCCP at in vitro liver perfusion increased due to the addition of glutamine, pyruvate and monomethyl succinate to the medium, and at in situ liver perfusion – only upon glucose oxidation. In both perfusion methods, the highest maximal rate of uncoupled respiration is with the use of monomethyl succinate and the optimal FCCP concentration – upon pyruvate oxidation. Therefore, in situ liver perfusion is better method to obtain stable and metabolically active hepatocytes in support respiratory processes at a high level then in vitro perfusion.

scholarly journals Microelements content in leaves of raspberry cv. Willamette as affected by foliar nutrition and substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Karaklajić-Stajić ◽  
I.S. Glišić ◽  
Dj. Ružić ◽  
T. Vujović ◽  
M. Pešaković
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Planting Material

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar Willamette has long been the most commonly grown raspberry cultivar in Serbia, which is owing to high adaptability of the cultivar to respective agro-environmental conditions. Massive dieback of full bearing plantings is a major problem in raspberry growing hence quality planting material is a must when establishing new raspberry plantings. The study was conducted under protected conditions (in screenhouse) on plants obtained by micropropagation in vitro. In order to achieve optimal vegetative potential, plants were grown for two consecutive years (2004&ndash;2005) on two substrates (Steckmedium and Seedling) using three foliar fertilizers (Wuxal, Murtonik and Ferticare). The study revealed optimal vegetative growth in plants studied, excess manganese (150.60-214.52 mg/g), optimum iron content (94.00-123.50 mg/g), and zinc (28.60-31.00 mg/g) and copper (3.10-4.00 mg/g) deficiencies, based on the referent values of microelements content. The assessment of nutritional status of plants by the DOP index suggested significant differences in microelements imbalance when different foliar fertilizers and substrates are applied.

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