Цветообозначения в устойчивых сочетаниях со значением благопожелания и проклятия в некоторых балканских языках

В статье рассматриваются фразеологические единицы боснийского языка с семантически однотипным компонентом-антропонимом ориентального происхождения. Анализируются как устаревшие фразеологизмы, так и активно употребляющиеся в наши дни. Ввиду обширности ориентализмов как особого генетического пласта южнославянской лексики в статье анализируются заимствования, называющие человека по таким параметрам, как интеллект, титул, административные и военные должности, род занятий и т. п., частотно употребляемые в повседневной речи славянских мусульман, проживающих в Боснии и Герцеговине.Заимствованию южнославянскими языками тематически разнообразных ориентализмов способствовали исторические события и языковые контакты. Итог пятивекового господства Османской империи на Балканском полуострове - заимствования из староосманского (старотурецкого) языка, являвшегося как языком-источником, так и (часто) языком-посредником, через который в южнославянские языки-реципиенты вошли арабизмы и персизмы. Помимо арабо-персидских элементов староосманский язык насыщен заимствованиями и из других языков. Под термином «турцизмы» обычно подразумевается лексика из староосманского, а не современного турецкого языка. Ориентальная лексика проникала в языки южных славян в основном через устный разговорный язык. В силу исторических причин наибольшее количество заимствований из турецкого языка в составе фразеологизмов наблюдается в Боснии и Герцеговине.В статье приводятся возможные культурологические и историко-этимологические комментарии к фразеологическим единицам, толкуется значение оборотов и компонентов, входящих в них. Фразеологизмы со структурой сравнения не рассматриваются. The article considers the Bosnian phraseological units with anthroponymic orientalisms. The authors deal with both outdated phraseological units and those that are actively used nowadays. Due to the vastness of orientalisms as a special genetic layer of South Slavic vocabulary, the authors analyze the expressions that denote a person in such aspects as intellect, title, position, occupation and etc., which Slavic Muslims (those living in Bosnia and Herzegovina) frequently use in their everyday speech. Historical events and language contacts contributed to the borrowing of thematically diverse orientalisms by the South Slavic languages. The five-century domination of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula resulted in borrowings from the Old Ottoman (Old Turkish) language, which became both the source language and (often) the intermediate language through which Arabisms and Persisms entered the South Slavic recipient languages. In addition to the Arab-Persian elements, the old Ottoman language is rich in borrowings from other languages. The term Turkish usually refers to the vocabulary of the old Ottoman rather than the modern Turkish language. Oriental vocabulary penetrated into the languages of the southern Slavs mainly through oral spoken language. Due to historical reasons, the greatest number of borrowings from the Turkish language as a part of phraseological units is observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.In addition to this, the authors give possible cultural, historical and etymological comments on phraseological units; show the meaning of the units and components of phraseological units. Phraseological units with a comparison structure are not considered.

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Sources de Constantin VII Porphyrogénète concernant le passé le plus ancien des Serbes et des Croates

BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA ◽

10.12681/byzsym.963 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Tibor ŽIVKOVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Oral Tradition ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Literary Genre ◽

Font Size ◽

Administrative Personnel ◽

Imperial Palace ◽

High Commissioner ◽

Historical Text ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree

THE SOURCES OF CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS CONCERNING THE EARLIEST HISTORY OF THE SERBS AND CROATSThere are eight chapters (29-36) in De Administrando Imperio by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus that contain known historical information on the Slavs of the Balkan Peninsula. Commonly accepted knowledge in historiography tells us that Constantine Porphyrogenitus must have used references on the Serbs, the Croats, and other Slavs from the archives of the Imperial Palace and the verbal accounts of Byzantine administrative personnel who were stationed in Dalmatia. However, our analysis of the earliest historical text on the Serbs and the Croats described in chapters 30, 31 and 32 of the DAI has established that oral tradition could not have been the source of the information on the Serbs or the Croats but rather that Constantine utilized a written source with its approximately dated to around 878.The peculiar style of the source focuses on baptism (Conversio Croatorum et Serborum) and the close ties of the Serbs and the Croats with Rome. This style or literary genre – De conversione – did not exist in Byzantium but was well known during early medieval times in the West. The analysis of the aforementioned chapters of the DAI established a high degree of correlation with parts of the text known in historiography under the title – De conversione Bagoariorum et Carantanorum. The connection between De conversione Bagoariorum et Carantanorum and chapters 30, 31, and 32 of the DAI is easily recognised in the conception of the work, and in the annexed parts by the author. It is our conclusion that we can now take a different path in analysing data on the earliest history of the Serbs and the Croats; it is evident that Constantine Porphyrogenitus used the information collected by an anonymous author who had been employed, very likely, as a high commissioner of the Roman Church.

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On internal definite reference in Slavic languages

Juznoslovenski filolog ◽

10.2298/jfi1470035p ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

Predrag Piper

Keyword(s):

Main Function ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Special Place ◽

High Degree ◽

Definite Reference

The considered examples of use of the ?such and such? type of expression in Serbian and other Slavic languages and their analysis show that they represent a special type of reference and hold a special place in the system of pronominal words and expressions. Regardless of the fact that they can take a variety of functions, which are discussed in the article, their main function is to refer to what is determined for participants in a primary communicative situation, denoted by an utterance within an utterance, but which is undetermined for participants in a secondary communicative situation (with the exception of cases of same participants being involved in both primary and secondary situations). The forms of expressing internal definite reference are not entirely the same in all Slavic languages, although reduplication of pronominal demonstrative prevails with a high degree of match in their functions. The highest match is found when performing their main function of internal definite reference, while the lowest match is found when performing the function of euphemistic replacement of invective.

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VISUAL VS. AUDITORY PERCEPTION OF BULGARIAN STIMULI BY RUSSIAN NATIVE SPEAKERS

Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies ◽

10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-684-695 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I. Stenger ◽

◽

T. Avgustinova ◽

Keyword(s):

Auditory Perception ◽

Word Length ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Levenshtein Distance ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Level Ii ◽

Related Language ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

High Degree

This study contributes to a better understanding of receptive multilingualism by determining similarities and differences in successful processing of written and spoken cognate words in an unknown but (closely) related language. We investigate two Slavic languages with regard to their mutual intelligibility. The current focus is on the recognition of isolated Bulgarian words by Russian native speakers in a cognate guessing task, considering both written and audio stimuli. The experimentally obtained intercomprehension scores show a generally high degree of intelligibility of Bulgarian cognates to Russian subjects, as well as processing difficulties in case of visual vs. auditory perception. In search of an explanation, we examine the linguistic factors that can contribute to various degrees of written and spoken word intelligibility. The intercomprehension scores obtained in the online word translation experiments are correlated with (i) the identical and mismatched correspondences on the orthographic and phonetic level, (ii) the word length of the stimuli, and (iii) the frequency of Russian cognates. Additionally we validate two measuring methods: the Levenshtein distance and the word adaptation surprisal as potential pr

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Morphological differentiation of the common toad Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1302685c ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 685-695

Author(s):

Natalija Cadjenovic ◽

Tanja Vukov ◽

Ester Popovic ◽

Katarina Ljubisavljevic

Keyword(s):

Morphological Differentiation ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Bufo Bufo ◽

Common Toad ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

The Common ◽

High Degree ◽

Toad Bufo ◽

Toad Bufo Bufo ◽

Significant Size

This study analyzes the degree of morphological differentiation among populations of the common toad Bufo bufo in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. Variations in a number of morphometric and qualitative characters in 14 population samples were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. We found a high degree of female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Morphological variation among the samples was more expressed in morphometric than in qualitative characters. The significant size differences that exist between northern and southern population groups could be the result of phenotypic plasticity. Our results do not support a clear split between northern and southern populations, contrary to the current taxonomic treatment of these groups as B. b. bufo and B. b. spinosus, respectively.

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Religiosity of students of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University: the experience of sociological research

Alma mater Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly ◽

10.20339/am.11-21.020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

A.K. Udiatullov ◽

Keyword(s):

Religious Practice ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Intercultural Interaction ◽

State Pedagogical ◽

Christian Culture ◽

Ulyanovsk Region ◽

High Degree ◽

Role Of Religion

Presented is analysis of religiosity of students of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, by which the author understands a complex category that includes religious and confessional self-identification, a set of institutional religious ideas, the degree of involvement in real religious practice and syncretic formations that arose in the course of interfaith and intercultural interaction. The empirical base of the study was made up of materials from a mass Internet survey, in which 1316 people took part — students studying in various specialties. The choice of students of the Ulyanovsk pedagogical university as an object of research is due to the specificity of the world outlook of student youth, the strengthening of the role of religion in the system of domestic higher education in the last decade, as well as the specificity of the Ulyanovsk region in ethno-confessional terms. In terms of confessional affiliation, 68.2% identified themselves as Christianity, 15.7% as Islam. In addition, 47.6% of the respondents consider themselves to be believers. At the same time, a relatively small part of the respondents demonstrates a high degree of involvement in religious life. In particular, only 2% of the Christians surveyed attend church every week. In addition, the study revealed that among some of the respondents non-institutional religious beliefs associated with magic, as well as beliefs associated with the influence of other religions, appear in their religious consciousness. For example, some Muslims consider Jesus to be God, which can be explained by the influence of Christian culture.

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Morphological convergence in the recently diversified Silene gigantea complex (Caryophyllaceae) in the Balkan Peninsula and south-western Turkey, with the description of a new subspecies

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/bow016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 183 (3) ◽

pp. 474-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier ◽

Daniel Jeanmonod ◽

Yamama Naciri

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Aegean Area ◽

Morphological Convergence ◽

History Of ◽

Genetic Continuity ◽

High Degree

Abstract The Silene gigantea complex is characterized by a high degree of morphological variability that resulted in the description of three subspecies across its distribution range from the Balkan Peninsula to South-west Asia and Cyprus. In this work, we used nuclear and plastid markers in Bayesian phylogeographic analyses to investigate the taxonomy and the evolutionary history of S. gigantea. The results from plastid DNA partly support the existing taxonomic assessments since S. gigantea subsp. rhodopea is monophyletic, whereas S. gigantea subspp. gigantea and hellenica are clearly polyphyletic. This pattern suggests that a strong morphological convergence is associated with chasmophytic conditions. The results also suggest that the populations from the Epirus region (north-western Greece) did not arise from hybridization as previously claimed, but correspond to a new evolutionary lineage that is consequently described and named S. gigantea subsp. epirota. An identification key to the four subspecies is also given. Our phylogeographic study further highlights a genetic continuity across populations from the central and eastern Greek mainland to Chios and Turkey, all of them sharing the same plastid DNA haplotype and belonging to the same nuclear cluster. In addition, at least two separate colonization events are suggested for Crete. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction clearly points to a post-Messinian diversification across the Aegean area. Considering the low seed dispersal ability of S. gigantea, a continuum of ancestral populations between islands and the mainland is assumed to have occurred during the last glaciations and to have played a key role in colonization processes.

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Ориентализмы-антропонимы в южнославянских устойчивых сравнениях

Studia Slavica ◽

10.1556/060.2019.64107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 71-83

Author(s):

И. В. КУЗНЕЦОВА

Keyword(s):

Ottoman Empire ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Modern Language ◽

The Balkans ◽

Source Language ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Cultural Layers ◽

Semantic Adaptation ◽

Turkish Language

The author discusses similes of southern Slavs (Bulgarians and peoples of the former Yugoslavia, i.e. Bosnians, Serbs, Croats, and Montenegrins) with a semantically similar component such as an anthroponym of Oriental origin. The author deals with both outdated similes and those that are actively used nowadays. Orientalisms usually include words belonging to different groups of Turkic as well as Iranian and Arab-Semitic languages. Historical events and language contacts contributed to the borrowing of thematically diverse Orientalisms by South Slavic languages. The result of the five-century domination of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula is borrowing from the Old Ottoman (Old Turkish) language, which became both the source language and (often) the intermediate language through which Arabisms and Persisms entered the South Slavic recipient languages. Therefore, in Bulgaria, the term Turkish-Arabic-Persian words is used to refer to this vocabulary. In addition to the Arab-Persian elements, the old Ottoman language is rich in borrowings from other languages (e.g. Greek). The term Turkish usually refers to the vocabulary of the old Ottoman rather than the modern Turkish language. Due to the vastness of anthroponyms of Oriental origin as a special genetic layer of South Slavic vocabulary, the author analyzes the expressions that denote a person in such aspects as intelligence, gender, and occupation. Oriental vocabulary penetrated into the languages of Southern Slavs mainly through oral spoken language. The degree of penetration of Turkish words into the languages of the peoples of Southern Slavia is different. The outcome of borrowings also varies: they either remained in the recipient languages as exoticism, or have been completely assimilated in them. During semantic adaptation in the language that accepts Oriental vocabulary, there is sometimes an expansion or contraction of the meaning of a word. Many of the Turkish words that make up the comparison became historicisms and entered the passive vocabulary and in the modern language they are not used because of the disappearance of the realities they denote (for example, words associated with the system of administration in the Ottoman era). Another reason for transition into the passive vocabulary in the Balkans is the process of replacing the original words. The paper defines the functional, semantic, and stylistic status of Eastern vocabulary in different social and cultural layers (standard languages and dialects) of South Slavic similes. Due to historical reasons, the greatest number of borrowings from the Turkish language as a part of similes is observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as in Shtokavian dialects of Croatia. In addition to this, the author gives cultural, historical, and etymological comments to similes, analyzing the meaning of units and components that are parts of similes.

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Blurring the boundaries

English Today ◽

10.1017/s0266078420000474 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Sugene Kim

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Brand Names ◽

Linguistic Landscape ◽

Place Names ◽

Local Language ◽

English Bilingual ◽

High Degree ◽

English Monolingual

A brief stroll about the cityscape of South Korea (henceforth ‘Korea’) testifies to Curtin's (2014) presumptive cosmopolitanism, whereby locals are expected to possess a high degree of competence in linguistically accommodating newcomers or world travellers by using English or other international languages in the linguistic landscape. One can easily spot English monolingual, Korean–English bilingual, and multilingual signs for ‘advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop[s] and . . . government buildings’ (Landry & Bourhis, 1997: 25), helping visitors and new arrivals negotiate the environment without being literate in the local language, Korean. The current English-flooded linguistic landscape of urban areas is well described in J. S. Lee's (2016) study, in which an elderly interviewee confirms, ‘[E]verywhere you go, you see English – banks, markets, and things. When we go shopping these days, brand names and street signs are all in English’ (331).

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Intercategorical status of reflexive verbal nouns in slavic languages

Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ ◽

10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-233-241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 233-241

Author(s):

Nataliia Shcherbii ◽

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Form ◽

Verbal Nouns ◽

Parts Of Speech ◽

High Productivity ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Slavic Linguistics ◽

The Status ◽

The Subject ◽

High Degree ◽

Hybrid Forms

One of the most debatable topics in modern linguistics is the study of intercategorical relations between several related languages. These multidimensional linguistic phenomena include the verbal formations, the so-called «hybrid forms of verbs» (participles, transgressive, reflexive verbal nouns), which are on the border of several parts of speech displaying syncretism at the morphological, semantic and syntactic levels. The article defines the status of verbal nouns in Slavic linguistics. It describes the intercategorical links of verbal formations and characterizes their hybridity. It provides comparison of specific features of reflexive verbal nouns in Slavic languages, including word-forming, morphological and semantic aspects. It also analyzes the use of reflexive verbal nouns in modern texts. Verbal nouns are a special hybrid form of the verb, which covers the features of diametrically opposite parts of the language, namely the noun and the verb. Reflexive verbal nouns are a specific feature of Polish, partly Czech and Slovak as well, which maintain the category of aspect and reflexivity. The postposition of the reflexive formant się, as well as the phenomenon of haplology and omission of się in lexicalized constructions mostly characterize reflexive verbal nouns. There are five groups of verbal nouns: 1) reflexive verbal nouns, in which the subject is the object of the action being performed as well. The reflexive deverbatives include words that denote the action directed at the appearance or surface of one’s body; 2) reciprocal verbal nouns, which denote the mutual (symmetrical) action of the subject and object against each other; 3) medial verbal nouns, in which the reflexive formant does not perform an independent function, but forms an inseparable unity with the noun and is a component of a non-permanent verbal lexeme; 4) terminative verbal nouns expressing a high degree of intensity, limit or achievement of the result of the action performed; 5) decausal verbal nouns describing situations that arise spontaneously, unconsciously, and are primarily typical for scientific literature. Decausatives state the change in the subject’s state, although the reason for this change remains unclear. The use of verbal nouns in Polish is characterized by high productivity, as evidenced by the formation of entirely new lexemes from loanwords used to denote modern information processes, and some formations even take on specific Polish reflexive features.

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