Morphological convergence in the recently diversified Silene gigantea complex (Caryophyllaceae) in the Balkan Peninsula and south-western Turkey, with the description of a new subspecies

Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier; Daniel Jeanmonod; Yamama Naciri

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/bow016

Morphological convergence in the recently diversified Silene gigantea complex (Caryophyllaceae) in the Balkan Peninsula and south-western Turkey, with the description of a new subspecies

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/bow016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 183 (3) ◽

pp. 474-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier ◽

Daniel Jeanmonod ◽

Yamama Naciri

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Aegean Area ◽

Morphological Convergence ◽

History Of ◽

Genetic Continuity ◽

High Degree

Abstract The Silene gigantea complex is characterized by a high degree of morphological variability that resulted in the description of three subspecies across its distribution range from the Balkan Peninsula to South-west Asia and Cyprus. In this work, we used nuclear and plastid markers in Bayesian phylogeographic analyses to investigate the taxonomy and the evolutionary history of S. gigantea. The results from plastid DNA partly support the existing taxonomic assessments since S. gigantea subsp. rhodopea is monophyletic, whereas S. gigantea subspp. gigantea and hellenica are clearly polyphyletic. This pattern suggests that a strong morphological convergence is associated with chasmophytic conditions. The results also suggest that the populations from the Epirus region (north-western Greece) did not arise from hybridization as previously claimed, but correspond to a new evolutionary lineage that is consequently described and named S. gigantea subsp. epirota. An identification key to the four subspecies is also given. Our phylogeographic study further highlights a genetic continuity across populations from the central and eastern Greek mainland to Chios and Turkey, all of them sharing the same plastid DNA haplotype and belonging to the same nuclear cluster. In addition, at least two separate colonization events are suggested for Crete. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction clearly points to a post-Messinian diversification across the Aegean area. Considering the low seed dispersal ability of S. gigantea, a continuum of ancestral populations between islands and the mainland is assumed to have occurred during the last glaciations and to have played a key role in colonization processes.

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Sources de Constantin VII Porphyrogénète concernant le passé le plus ancien des Serbes et des Croates

BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA ◽

10.12681/byzsym.963 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Tibor ŽIVKOVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Oral Tradition ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Literary Genre ◽

Font Size ◽

Administrative Personnel ◽

Imperial Palace ◽

High Commissioner ◽

Historical Text ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree

THE SOURCES OF CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS CONCERNING THE EARLIEST HISTORY OF THE SERBS AND CROATSThere are eight chapters (29-36) in De Administrando Imperio by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus that contain known historical information on the Slavs of the Balkan Peninsula. Commonly accepted knowledge in historiography tells us that Constantine Porphyrogenitus must have used references on the Serbs, the Croats, and other Slavs from the archives of the Imperial Palace and the verbal accounts of Byzantine administrative personnel who were stationed in Dalmatia. However, our analysis of the earliest historical text on the Serbs and the Croats described in chapters 30, 31 and 32 of the DAI has established that oral tradition could not have been the source of the information on the Serbs or the Croats but rather that Constantine utilized a written source with its approximately dated to around 878.The peculiar style of the source focuses on baptism (Conversio Croatorum et Serborum) and the close ties of the Serbs and the Croats with Rome. This style or literary genre – De conversione – did not exist in Byzantium but was well known during early medieval times in the West. The analysis of the aforementioned chapters of the DAI established a high degree of correlation with parts of the text known in historiography under the title – De conversione Bagoariorum et Carantanorum. The connection between De conversione Bagoariorum et Carantanorum and chapters 30, 31, and 32 of the DAI is easily recognised in the conception of the work, and in the annexed parts by the author. It is our conclusion that we can now take a different path in analysing data on the earliest history of the Serbs and the Croats; it is evident that Constantine Porphyrogenitus used the information collected by an anonymous author who had been employed, very likely, as a high commissioner of the Roman Church.

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The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p161-166 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Bashkim Selmani ◽

Bekim Maksuti

Keyword(s):

Organized Crime ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Human Mind ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

The Public ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

European Standards ◽

Organized Crime Groups ◽

Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

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Distribution, systematics and nomenclature of the three taxa of Common Stonechats (Aves, Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Saxicola) that breed in the Caucasian region

Zoosystematica Rossica ◽

10.31610/zsr/2020.29.1.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 33-57

Author(s):

V.M. Loskot ◽

G.B. Bakhtadze

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Junior Synonym ◽

Type Locality ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual ◽

North Western

Geographic distribution and habitat preferences of Saxicola rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766), S. maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin, 1774), and S. m. armenicus (Stegman, 1935) inhabiting the Caucasian Isthmus and adjacent areas are described in detail. We examined the individual, sexual, age, seasonal and geographical variations of seven main diagnostic features of both plumage and morphometrics (exactly, the length of wing and tail) using 381 skin specimens. Substantially improved diagnoses of S. m. variegatus and S. m. armenicus are provided. After a thorough examination of the materials and history of the expedition of Samuel Gmelin in 1768–1774, and his description of Parus variegatus, it was concluded that the type locality of this taxon was the vicinity of Shamakhi in Azerbaijan not Enzeli in North-Western Turkey. It is also shown the fallacy of the recently proposed attribution of the holotype of the northern subspecies S. m. variegatus to the southern taxon S. m. armenicus and synonymisation of these names, as well as the replacement of the name S. m. variegatus by its junior synonym S. m. hemrichii Ehrenberg, 1833 for the northern subspecies.

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THE R.J. CHAMBERS COLLECTION: AN “ARCHIVIST'S” REVELATIONS OF 20th CENTURY ACCOUNTING THOUGHT AND PRACTICE

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.33.1.145 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 145-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Graeme W. Dean ◽

Peter W. Wolnizer ◽

Frank L. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Prima Facie ◽

Accounting Education ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Accounting History ◽

Research Areas ◽

Archival Source ◽

Inflation Accounting ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Accounting Standard Setting

A major, unique accounting archival source, the R.J. Chambers Collection comprises both hard copy and, utilizing cutting-edge search technology, internet accessible materials. From his academic beginnings, Chambers was an orderly person, an archivist of the extensive and varied evidence that underpinned his proposals for accounting reform. Opening research areas for accounting biography, the development of accounting thought, the history of accounting institutions, prosopography, public sector accounting history, and comparative international accounting history are foremost amongst the myriad justifications for seeking to unravel the accounting history “lodes” in archives such as the Goldberg, Chambers, and Briloff Collections [Potter, 2003]. The archiving of the meticulously kept Chambers papers from 1947–1999 provides an opportunity for unfolding the background to events previously withheld from accounting history scholars. Professional episodes in relation to inflation accounting, standard setting, proposals to reform accounting education, and the like that appeared prima facie to be worth investigating are now open to scrutiny from a different angle, with a different type of evidence available in this Collection. This Collection provides a high degree of archival provenance. In particular, it represents an orderly retention of past documentation of what Chambers wrote, and perhaps uniquely for accounting historians, received; thus, providing an extensive window from which to examine the disorderly present environment of acounting.

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Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis after a Single Dose of Empagliflozin in a Patient with Pancreatitis

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.3390/clinpract11020031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 216-218

Author(s):

Marta Brandão Calçada ◽

Luís Fernandes ◽

Rita Soares Costa ◽

Sara Montezinho ◽

Filipa Martins Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽

Drug Class ◽

Clinical Suspicion ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the most recently approved drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Although they are largely well-tolerated, their intake has been associated with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in some rare cases. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and no history of DKA, who started therapy with empagliflozin one day before presenting with acute pancreatitis and laboratory findings consistent with euglycemic DKA. SGLT2i can induce euglycemic DKA from the first dose. Given the atypical presentation, a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to recognize this complication.

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929 Not Another Abscess - A Case of Streptococcal Myositis Misdiagnosed as a Right Axillary Abscess

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

O Oyende ◽

J Jackman

Keyword(s):

White Cell Count ◽

General Surgeon ◽

High Dose ◽

General Anaesthetic ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Affected Tissue ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree

Abstract Introduction Streptococcal myositis is a rare form of infectious myositis caused by Lansfield A beta-haemolytic streptococci. It is characterised by rapidly spreading inflammation that can result in severe systemic toxicity and necrosis of the affected tissue if not diagnosed and aggressively treated. Presentation We report a case of a 42-year-old male who presented with a one-week history of worsening right axillary swelling that progressed to painful swelling of his arm. Inflammatory markers were significantly elevated with a white cell count of 17 ×109/L and C-reactive protein of 212 mg/L. On examination, a fluctuant axillary swelling was appreciated, and a decision was made for incision and drainage under general anaesthetic. Intraoperative aspiration of his arm revealed copious purulent fluid prompting intraoperative orthopaedic consult and exploration of the anterior compartment in which there was extensive involvement of the biceps muscle. The microbiological analysis revealed gram-positive cocci in chains, and microbiology advice sought for tailoring of antibiotic regimen. He has recovered well. Discussion Though uncommon, the emergency general surgeon should have a high degree of suspicion when evaluating soft tissue infections to avert potentially disastrous outcomes. Conclusion Early diagnosis, aggressive management with high-dose intravenous antibiotics, and surgical debridement are principles to treat this rare, life-threatening infection.

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The Return of National Self-Sufficiency? Excavating Autarkic Thought in a De-Globalizing Era

International Studies Review ◽

10.1093/isr/viaa092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Helleiner

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

International Political Economy ◽

Economic Thought ◽

John Maynard Keynes ◽

New Politics ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

National Economic ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Rich History

Abstract As the global crisis triggered by the COVID-19 virus unfolded, The Economist magazine published a cover in May 2020 titled “Goodbye globalization: the dangerous lure of self-sufficiency.” The title summed up well the new political interest in the ideology of national economic self-sufficiency in the pandemic context. Unfortunately, contemporary textbooks in the field of international political economy (IPE) say little about this kind of “autarkic” thought. No survey of the history of autarkic thought exists even within specialist IPE literature or in the fields of intellectual history and the history of economic thought. Filling this gap in existing scholarship, this article highlights a rich history of autarkic thought that includes the ideas of famous thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Fichte, Mohandas Gandhi, and John Maynard Keynes. Three core rationales for a high degree of national self-sufficiency have been advanced in the past: (1) insulation from foreign economic influence, (2) insulation from foreign political and/or cultural influence, and (3) the promotion of international peace. At the same time, considerable disagreements have existed among autarkists about some of these rationales and their relative importance, as well as about the precise meaning of national self-sufficiency. These disagreements stemmed not just from differences in their specific goals but also from the different conditions across time and space in which autarkic thought was developed. In addition to improving understanding of the autarkic ideological tradition, this article contributes to emerging scholarship attempting to overcome Western-centrism in IPE scholarship as well as literature exploring the new politics of de-globalization in the current era.

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Multi-Locus Selection and the Structure of Variation at the white Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/144.2.635 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 635-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A Kirby ◽

Wolfgang Stephan

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

White Gene ◽

Transcriptional Unit ◽

North American Population ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Locus Selection ◽

Neutral Equilibrium ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Abstract We surveyed sequence variation and divergence for the entire 5972-bp transcriptional unit of the white gene in 15 lines of Drosophila melanogaster and one line of D. simulans. We found a very high degree of haplotypic structuring for the polymorphisms in the 3′ half of the gene, as opposed to the polymorphisms in the 5′ half. To determine the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this pattern, we sequenced a 1612-bp segment of the white gene from an additional 33 lines of D. melanogaster from a European and a North American population. This 1612-bp segment encompasses an 834bp region of the white gene in which the polymorphisms form high frequency haplotypes that cannot be explained by a neutral equilibrium model of molecular evolution. The small number of recombinants in the 834bp region suggests epistatic selection as the cause of the haplotypic structuring, while an investigation of nucleotide diversity supports a directional selection hypothesis. A multi-locus selection model that combines features from both-hypotheses and takes the recent history of D. melanogaster into account may be the best explanation for these data.

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Biogeography of Italy revisited: genetic lineages confirm major phylogeographic patterns and a pre-Pleistocene origin of its biota

Frontiers in Zoology ◽

10.1186/s12983-021-00418-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Schmitt ◽

Uwe Fritz ◽

Massimo Delfino ◽

Werner Ulrich ◽

Jan Christian Habel

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Po Plain ◽

Genetic Lineages ◽

Biogeographic Patterns ◽

Italian Peninsula ◽

Biogeographic Pattern ◽

History Of ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Micro Plates

AbstractWarm-adapted species survived the cold stages of the past glacial-interglacial cycles in southern European peninsulas and recolonized major parts of Central and Northern Europe in the wake of postglacial warming. However, many of the genetic lineages which differentiated within these refugia predate even the Pleistocene. One of these refugia is the Italian Peninsula with its surrounding islands. In this meta-analysis, we compiled phylogeographic patterns of multiple species across this region. We transformed existing geographic information on 78 animal and plant species (with a total of 471 genetic lineages) within 17 predefined areas into presence/absence matrices. We elaborated three matrices: (i) only old lineages exclusively distinguished by deep splits, (ii) only young lineages distinguished by shallow (i.e. recent) splits, and (iii) presence/absence of the respective species. To infer biogeographic relationships between the predefined areas, we performed bootstrapped neighbour joining cluster analyses on these three matrices. In addition, we reviewed the geological history of Italy to identify causes of the observed biogeographic patterns. We found Sardinia and Corsica to be biogeographically closely linked with each other, and that they diverge strongly from all other regions. Sicily also diverges strongly from all other regions, while the intra-island differentiation was comparatively low. On the Italian mainland, Calabria exhibited the most pronounced biogeographic differentiation, often with several lineages present, resulting from old vicariance events within the region. Furthermore, southern Apulia and the Po Plain with adjoining areas of northern peninsular Italy displayed considerable distinctiveness. Admixture prevailed in the areas between these three regions. The ancient isolation of Sicily, as well as Sardinia plus Corsica, resulted in endemic lineages with only moderate recent exchange with adjacent mainland regions. Pronounced diversification occurs within the Italian Peninsula. The complex tectonic activities, such as shifting (micro)plates, submergence of major parts of peninsular Italy with the genesis of numerous Pliocene islands, in combination with the climatic cycles during the Pleistocene have most likely generated the current biogeographic pattern of species. Immigrations from the Balkan Peninsula into northern Italy partly accounted for the distinctiveness of this region.

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Tuberculosis presenting as dacryoadenitis in the USA

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-231694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. e231694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harry Ross Powers ◽

Mark Anthony Diaz ◽

Julio C Mendez

Keyword(s):

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Orbital Mass ◽

Antituberculosis Therapy ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Patient’S History ◽

High Degree ◽

Filipino Woman

A 25-year-old Filipino woman living in the USA was evaluated for a 5-month history of left eye pain and a subsequent orbital mass. Histopathological analysis of the lacrimal mass showed a mixed inflammatory process with necrotising granulomas and positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She was treated with antituberculosis therapy, with resolution of symptoms. Tuberculosis dacryoadenitis is extremely rare in the USA and other developed countries. It requires a high degree of clinical suspicion with special attention to the patient’s history to make the correct diagnosis. It can be treated successfully with antituberculosis therapy.

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