scholarly journals KARYOTYPЕ VARIABILITY OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE BREED WITH VARIED REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Peredry ◽  
V. V. Dzitsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Karyotype Instability ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

The results of the cytogenetic study of cows of Ukrainian red-bream dairy breeds with different reproductive ability are presented in the article. Breeding reproductive ability of cows is often and, as a rule, they include an increase in the duration of the service period, the occurrence of violations of embryonic development, stillbirth and miscarriages. Investigation of karyotype and thorough analysis of hereditary information of the herd population of herds will help to establish and eliminate the cause of reproductive failure of cows. The purpose of the study is to study the karyotype variability of cows with normal and violated reproductive qualities. The material for the research was the results of an individual assessment of the animals of the Ukrainian red-shingled breed of the DP DH "Khrystynivske" on the basis of zootechnical records and experimental cytogenetic data. To analyze the data of zootechnical accounting, the software package SUMS "Intesel Orsek" was used. Laboratory studies were conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after MV. Tooth The cultivation of lymphocytes, the preparation of cytogenetic drugs, the classification and recording of aberrations of chromosomes were carried out according to generally accepted techniques. The analysis of metaphase cells included cytogenetic parameters: the proportion of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural aberrations of the chromosomes. For the cytogenetic study, based on the materials of the zootechnical account, three groups of cows have been formed, depending on their reproductive ability: I group, number 17, consists of animals with impaired reproductive ability. To II group included 33 cows, service period of which is not less than 150 days; Group ІІІ - 25 cows with a service period of 51-90 days. The study of blood lymphocytes of cows with different reproductive ability revealed a difference in the level of chromosomal instability. The results of the studies showed that in the karyotypes of animals with impaired reproductive ability, a significantly higher frequency of cells with aneuploid and polyploid chromosome sets, as well as cells with chromosomal aberrations was found to be significantly higher than that of cows with normal reproductive functions. It was established that a significantly larger proportion of cells with aneuploidy occurs in the karyotype of animals of group I, that is, in animals with a disturbed reproductive ability - 10.5 ± 2.38%. In cows of group ІІ, the frequency of cells with aneuploid number of chromosomes in blood cells decreased to 6.3 ± 1.45%. Less than twice the cows in this group and the frequency of cells with the polyploid chromosome set (from 1,0 ± 0,01 to 0,45 ± 0,16) and 15% with structural aberrations of the chromosomes (from 14,82 ± 2,87 up to 12.5 ± 2.87). In cows of group III (with normal reproductive ability), cells with aneuploid chromosomal set were found to be 2.3 times less than in cows with reproductive capacity (Group I) (P> 0.999). In the karyotypes of cows that were examined, no constitutional alterations of the chromosomes, including translocations of the Robertson type, were revealed. In animals of group I, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was one third higher than that of animals of groups ІІ and ІІІ. The difference in frequencies between the higher and lower group values of this indicator was 4.15%. It has been established that in all groups of investigated animals there is a positive correlation between the service period and the main cytogenetic parameters. The highest positive correlation values (r = 0.70; r = 0.50; r = 0.44) are established between the duration of the service period and the frequency of structural aberrations, service period and polyploidy, service period and aneuploidy respectively in cows of the second group , In which the service period lasted 150 days or more. In cows of group I, the highest positive correlation (r = 0.48) is established between the duration of the service period and aneuploidy. For the third group, defined by us as a control, the positive relationship (r = 0.55) between the service period and aneuploidy is also established. Thus, the correlations established between the level of karyotype instability and one of the characteristics of reproductive ability (service period) indicate that the levels of karyotype instability in cows to a sufficient degree can characterize their reproductive qualities. The results of the studies show that the higher frequency of abnormal cells is found mainly in cows with broken reproductive functions. Consequently, we can conclude that for assessing the individual qualities of dairy cows, indicators of karyotype instability should be used as a criterion for evaluating the reproductive qualities of cows.

KARYOTYPE INSTABILITY OF CATTLE (Bos taurus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
M. Peredry
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
The Difference

The article deals with the results of cytogenetic research on Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows with different level of reproductive ability. Cultivation of lymphocytes, preparation of cytogenetic samples, classification and count of chromosome aberrations were performed using conventional methods. For cytogenetic study three groups of cows were formed by data of zootechnical records depending on traits of cows’ reproductive ability. The I group (17 head) composed of animals with impaired reproductive ability. 33 cows with open days not less than 150 days were included to the II group, 25 cows with open days of 51-90 days – the III group. Significantly greater frequency of cells with aneuploid and polyploid set of chromosomes and cells with chromosomal aberrations was revealed in karyotypes of animals with impaired reproductive ability than in cows with normal reproductive function. Aneuploidy among the numerical chromosomal violations is most common, frequency of which was significantly greater in the I group – 10.5 ± 2.38%, frequency of aneuploid cells in the II group of cows was 6.3 ± 1.45% and in cows with normal reproductive function – 4.46 ± 0.73. The largest number of polyploid cells was found in the I group of cows (1.0 ± 0.01%), frequency in the II and III groups was significantly 2 time and 6 times less, accordingly. In the studied groups significant differences were revealed in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. In most cases breaks and gaps, including chromatid gaps, chromosomal and chromatid breaks, deletions, and formed as a result of this the fragments of genetic material were observed. There were not constitutional chromosome rearrangements, including Robertsonian translocation. In the I group of animals, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was a third higher than the same figure in the II and III groups. The difference between frequencies of higher and lower group value of this figure was 4.15%. A positive correlation was found between open days and main cytogenetic indicators in all the groups. The highest positive correlation (r = 0.70; r = 0.50; r = 0.44) was revealed between length of open days and frequency of structural aberrations, open days and polyploidy, open days and aneuploidy in the II group of cows with open days 150 days and more. In the I group the highest positive correlation (r = 0.48) was found between length of open days and aneuploidy. In the third group defined as control, positive correlation (r = 0.55) was also between open days and aneuploidy. The results of the research give the reason to use indicators of karyotype variability as a criterion for assessing reproductive traits of dairy herd cows.

scholarly journals KARYOTYPE VARIABILITY FOR THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE BREED WITH A VARYING DEGREE OF AFFINITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
V. V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
M. М. Peredriy
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Karyotype Variability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Different Levels

With a closely related pairing a certain part of the genes passes into a homozygous state and is phenotypically displayed. In the descendants of heterozygous carriers of unwanted mutations, the disguised action of dominant alleles disappears, which is the cause of the preservation and spread of harmful recessive alleles in the population. When inbreeding, the formation of homozygous individuals is possible, which will detect the effect of unwanted chromosomal damage in them. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the karyotype variability of the first-born cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed of different levels of kinship. The object of research was the breeding stock of Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed, which is breeding in the state enterprise "DG" Khrystynivske" of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubets NAAS. On the basis of the analysis of materials of zootechnical records from computer information management system dairy cattle "Intesel Orsek" selected cows with different degrees of kinship. The cytogenetic analysis was performed in the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubets of NAAS with the use of special techniques and related equipment. For the preparation of chromosomes, the culture of leukocytes of peripheral blood of animals was used. Short-term culture was prepared using Moorhead et al. As a result of studies of the karyotype variability of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed of different levels of affinity, no gross constitutional anomalies of the chromosomal set were revealed in any cow. The genomic type anomalies (aneuploidy and polyploidy) and structural aberrations of chromosomes (fragments, ruptures, association of chromosomes) have been identified. The average level of aberrant cells was highest in near-related animals, which is significantly higher than those observed in outbreed cows by 6.0%, with a distant and moderate degree of inbreeding – by 6.4 and 6.7 at P < 0.999 in all cases. The frequency of aneuploidy cells in closely related primates exceeds this rate in outbred animals with an unreliable difference. The same insignificant difference in the level of aneuploid cells is also found between the outbred and inbred individuals from the moderate and remote degree of affinity. The proportion of polyploid cells in all tested cows does not exceed one percent, which is the norm for bovine cattle. The difference between groups of outbred and inbred animals is unreliable. The frequency of cells with chromosomal rupture ranges from 2.31% in cows with distant cows to 5.50% in animals with close inbreeding, on average, and the difference between these indices (3.19%) is statistically significant (P < 0.999), as well as The difference between the outbreed and the animals with moderate inbreeding (P < 0.95). In order to assess the reproductive ability of cows of different degrees of affinity, three groups have been formed taking into account functional disorders of the reproductive system: Group I – animals with the presence of stillbirths and spontaneous miscarriages; II group – cows with a service period after the first lactation for at least 150 days; Group III – cows that have the service period after the first lactation 51–90 days (a conditional control group). Of the 103 studied cytogenetic indices in cows of different degrees of affinity, 24 cows (23.3% of the investigated livestock) were caught in a group of animals with impaired reproductive ability (Group I) The largest share in this group was cows obtained as a result of remote inbreeding (11.6%). In the group of cows with a service period of more than 150 days the most were outbreds (16.5%). In the third group (with the service period at cows 50-90 days), the most outbreed cows and animals obtained as a result of remote inbreeding were found. Their shares were the same and amounted to 8.7% each. Thus, the dependence of the condition of the reproductive system of cows on their affinity is not established. The incidence of cells with genomic disorders and structural aberrations of cows with disturbed reproductive ability, irrespective of the degree of their inbreeding, is 4.2–3.5% higher (P < 0.999) than in cows with normal reproductive function. Outbred and inbred cows have been ranked according to genetic risk levels: low genetic risk (RBD), average genetic risk (SRHR) and high genetic risk (RBD) (Fig. 3). Indicators of the frequency of genomic and chromosomal mutations of the karyotype express the level of general resistance and the potential for the implementation of vital functions of the animal organism. An analysis of the genetic structure of the population according to the level of genetic risk has shown that in the group of low genetic risk, the largest share is cows without abnormalities in the reproductive system. The cytogenetic study of cows allows not only to evaluate the saturation of undesirable aberrations of the chromosomes of this herd of Ukrainian red-billed milk breed, but also allows us to use the results obtained to predict at an early age the reproductive capacity of cows.

scholarly journals Reppoductive ability of ukrainian black and white dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuziv ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Duration

The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99,  output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different  farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.

scholarly journals Reproductive qualities of dairy cows at different levels of milk yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents the results of the analysis of the reproductive ability of cows depending on the level of their milk productivity. The studies were conducted in the Republic of Mari El on cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed (n = 3828). There have been studied the influence of different levels of milk yield on the duration of the service period and period between calvings, the output of calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability. The studies used the comparison method, correlation, regression and one-factor analysis of variance. It has been established that the milk yield increases with the age of cows, but at the same time the duration of the service period and calving interval increases. In first-calf cows, the service period was 128.8 days (Cv = 75.1 %), the calving interval was 403.6 days (Cv = 23.5 %). By the third lactation, with an increase in milk yield by 1030 kg (15.4 %), the duration of the service period increased by 7.2 days (5.6 %), the calving interval  -by 12.3 days (3.0 %). The share of the impact (ƞ2x) of milk yield on the duration of the service period was 5.4 %, the calving interval -4.7 %. The correlation coefficients between milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation and the duration of the service period and calving interval were 0.24 and 0.22 (p<0.05), with milk yield for the entire lactation 0.81 (p<0.05). The optimal indicators of the service period (89.4 days), the calving interval (369.4 days), the reproductive capacity (0.94) and the output of calves (1.0) were possessed by the first heifers with low milk productivity-milk yield less than 5000 kg of milk. In animals with the milk yield of 6000-9000 kg of milk or more, the duration of the service period was 12.4-249.6 % higher, the calving interval -by 1.9-32.5 % (p<0.05). According to the regression coefficients, on average, each increase in milk yield per 1000 kg increased the duration of the service period by 25.9 days, the calving interval -by 23.1 days, which worsened the output of calves by 0.24 %, and the coefficient of reproductive ability decreased by 16.0 %.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

scholarly journals Залежність відтворної здатності корів від тривалості лактації

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Y.S. Masalovych ◽  
V.I. Liubetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period

The dependence of the criteria of the reproductive ability of cows on the duration of lactation was studied. The duration of the lactation period (300–450 days) for highly productive cows is optimal for: the service period, the insemination index, the interval interval and the exit of the calves. On average, on farms, the average duration of the service period did not differ significantly between them and did not depend on the system of cows' content and amounted to 302 ± 60.9 and 307 ± 61.3 days, respectively. A similar tendency can be naturally traced in the parameters of the inter-interval interval. The increase in lactation time of cows negatively affects the indicators of their reproductive capacity and economic data. The total costs for one animal from additional changes and shortages of calves were the highest in the third research groups and amounted to 1458 and 1946 UAH. according. It is established that the duration of the lactation period affects the reproductive performance of cows

scholarly journals Результати використання бугаїв-плідників голштинської породи при створенні високопродуктивного стада

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Т. В. Підпала ◽  
Є. М. Зайцев ◽  
А. О. Правда
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Service Period ◽  
High Level

Мета статті – оцінити прояв господарсько корисних ознак у корів-дочок різних бугаїв-плідників голштинської породи. Методика дослідження. У процесі дослідження використані загальноприйняті зоотехнічні методи (індивідуальний облік молочної продуктивності, відтворювальної здатності), лабораторні (визначення якісного складу молока), ретроспективний аналіз (показники за весь період використання тварин), варіаційно-статистичний метод (визначення параметрів ознак). Результати дослідження. У результаті вивчення використання бугаїв-плідників голштинської породи при створенні високопродуктивного стада молочної худоби з’ясовано, що на рівень розвитку продуктивних, відтворювальних і адаптивних властивостей корів-дочок впливає походження за батьком. Встановлено взаємозв’язок між господарсько корисними ознаками корів первісток голштинської породи німецької та української селекції, які походять від різних бугаїв. Незалежно від походження піддослідних тварин зберігається позитивна високого ступеня кореляція між надоєм і кількістю молочного жиру та білка. Загальною закономірністю для потомства бугаїв голштинської породи є наявність позитивної кореляції низького, середнього і високого ступенів між надоєм і тривалістю сервіс-періоду. Визначено відмінності за напрямом і ступенем кореляційної залежності між продуктивними і відтворювальними ознаками у корів-первісток, які й характеризують різноманітність впливу бугаїв на їхніх дочок. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку теоретичні та практичні положення щодо підвищення продуктивності тварин та створення високопродуктивних стад молочної худоби за використання генофонду голштинської породи. Практична значущість. Одержані результати потрібно враховувати у процесі поліпшуючої селекції під час формування високопродуктивного стада молочної худоби голштинської породи. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the manifestation of economically useful signs of cow-daughters of Holstein breed different servicing bulls. Methods of the research. In the course of the study, commonly used zoo-technical methods (individual accounting of milk productivity, reproductive capacity), laboratory (determining the qualitative milk composition), retrospective analysis (indicators for the entire period of using animals), variation-statistical method (determining sign parameters) were used. The research results. As a result of using bulls for service of Holstein breed in creating a highly productive herd of dairy cattle it has been established that the level of developing productive, reproductive and adaptive properties of cow-daughters is influenced by the origin of the father-parent.  The correlation has been established between economically useful signs of cows-firstlings of the Holstein breed of German and Ukrainian selection from various bulls. Regardless of the experimental animals’ origin, there is a high-level positive correlation between the milk yield and the amount of milk fat and protein. The common peculiarity for the offspring of the Holstein breed is the presence of a positive correlation of the low, middle and high levels between the milk yield and the duration of the service period. The differences as to the direction and the degree of correlation dependence between productive and reproductive features of cows-firstlings have been determined, which characterize the diversity of bulls’ influence on their daughters. The elements of scientific novelty. The theoretical and practical propositions for raising the productivity of animals and creating highly productive herds of dairy cattle by using the gene pool of Holstein breed have been further developed. Practical significance. The obtained results should be taken into account in the process of improving the selection during the formation of a highly productive herd of the Holstein breed dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Analysis of interbreeding and age-dependent indexes of reproductive ability of cows.

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Irina Bondarenko ◽  
Kristinа Velikodna
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Main Components

Comparative estimation of the periods sexual cycle under futile inseminations cortex and heifers sexual mature age in facilities Sumy region. The profitability of dairy farming in the farms of Sumy region will remain an unresolved issue to this day, as the indicators of reproductive capacity of breeding cows and repair heifers need analysis and correction. Inadequate feeding and inadequate care of pregnant cows and parturients are often added to this. As a consequence of the above - the reproductive capacity inherent in this species of animals is not fully realized, most cows remain infertile, and farms are short of calves and milk. The percentage of barren animals can be calculated only at the end of the calendar year, taking into account the data of statistical reporting, while infertility must be fought daily. Detection of infertile animals is effective only in the case of regular obstetric and gynecological medical examinations on the farm. It is during this time that experts find out the causes and calculate the percentage of the main components of infertility, which includes anaphrodisia. The article presents the results of the study of the main folds of anaphrodisia of cows and repair heifers of the experimental farm of Sumy region. The results of obstetric and gynecological examination, indicators of reproductive capacity of cows and heifers of mating age, reflect the basis of technology used in the economy, the intensity of use of breeding stock, as well as determine the economic feasibility of livestock in general. The main indicators of reproductive capacity of cows in the conditions of livestock farms are: indicators of inseminations, fertility, number of hotels, indicators of fruitless inseminations, and also duration of the service period The aim of the research was to study and analyze the components of anaphrodisia of cows and repair heifers of the farm during the experimental years. The results obtained will be a criterion for assessing the state of reproductive function of the uterine population of cattle. The research was conducted at Kosivshchynska Agricultural Company, Sumy District, Sumy Region, on Holstein-Friesian cows during 2019-2020. The main indicators of reproduction of uterine cattle were studied on the basis of annual reports. The obtained digital material was processed by methods of variation statistics using Student's parametric t-test. It was found that a significant percentage of culled animals occurred due to functional disorders of reproductive ability, namely due to repeated and ineffective inseminations. It was found that in 2019, 19.3% showed a sexual cycle after calving in less than 30 days, in 2020 - 18.9%, in 31-60 days in 2019 - 27%, in 2020 - 26%, in 61 -90 days in 2020 - 52.7%, in 2019 - 51.8%, for 91-120 days in 2019 - 22.1%, in 2020 - 23.5%. There is a steady growth of the service period, which worsens the performance of the experimental economy. It was found that the largest percentage of culled cows and repair heifers were animals with anaphrodisia: in 2019 33.7% of the total number of culled animals, in 2020 - 51.10%. The number of inseminations during the experimental years decreased, and the insemination index increased : in 2019 it was equal to 60, and in 2020 -80. Studies in this area highlight the problem of infertility in cattle, which encourages the study of this issue, and the search for ways to solve this problem.  

scholarly journals Reproductive ability of cows and their descendants of different generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The research was carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed and their descendants of the first and second generations on the conditions of LLC “Veletenj” in the Glukhiv district of the Sumy region. In cows, based on a retrospective analysis of data and the results of their own searches, was studied the age dynamics of reproductive capacity of cows for the first-seventh and higher lactation, and their daughters and granddaughters for the first and higher lactation. It has been established that reproductive ability of cows to some extent is due to their age. Depending on the lactation, the duration of the parturition of the cows of LLC “Veletenj” varied from 278.2 to 280.0, the duration of the indifference period – from 64.4 to 69.0 days, service period – from 123.5 to 136.4, inter-calving period – from 402.2 to 414.8 and in the dry stable period – from 61.3 to 75.8 days, the reproduction rate was 0.91–0.93, the calves output for 100 cows was 90.9–93.0 the index of insemination is 2.41–2.56 and the fertility index is 42.2–44.8. The results of our research indicate that each subsequent generation of cows was characterized by a better reproductive ability, which, in our opinion, is due to the timely abandonment of fetuses and stimulation of infertile cows, as well as an improved level of feeding. The difference in the duration of the service period for the first lactation between the mothers and their daughters was 24.5, for the best lactation – 24.8, for the duration of the interotional period – 24.8 and 23.7 days, respectively, at P < 0.001 in all cases. A more significant difference in reproductive performance was observed between cows and their granddaughters. In terms of the duration of the service period for the first and best lactation, it was 15.5 (P < 0.05) and 33.3 (P < 0,001) and interotional period – 17.3 (P < 0.05) and 33,2 days (P < 0.001) respectively. Between the majority of the studied reproductive abilities of mothers and daughters for the first and higher lactation, the relative variability was positive and reliable, and mothers and granddaughters – low uncertainty and mostly negative (exception – the duration of calving). The highest positive correlation coefficients were observed between the duration of cervix and their daughters (r = 0.113 ± 0.039 at P < 0.001) and granddaughters (r = 0.211 ± 0.088 at P < 0.05) for the first lactation, as well as mothers and daughters for higher lactation (r = 0.114 ± 0.039 at P < 0.01). Between indicators of the indifference period (r = -0.036–0.051) and the index of fertility of cows (r = -0.080–0.014) and their descendants for the lactation under investigation have low, multidirectional, unreliable connections. The influence of mothers on indicators of reproductive function of descendants is established. They made the most significant impact on the duration of service and inter calving periods, reproduction rate, calving out of 100 cows and the index of daughter insemination (ηx2 = 27.57–52.22%). For higher lactation, this effect was significantly lower (exception – the index of insemination) – ηx2 = 15,39–28,10%.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability of holstina cows in different status of the reproductive system in the postpartum period

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
A. O. Gonchar ◽  
I. S. Pishchan ◽  
L. O. Litvishchenko ◽  
S. G. Pishchan
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period

In the article are considered the effect of postpartum course and periodicity of manifestation of dystocia and reproductive capacity of Holstein cows of different age. The experimental part of the research was performed at the industrial complex for milk production of cows of Holstein breed of “Agro-Soyuz”. Assessment of ease of calving in cows of different age was determined in points (V. Berglund, J. Phillipson et al., 1987): 1 – easy calving; 2 – normal calving, only some help is required (slight dystocia); 3 – heavy calving, full intervention is required (dystocia). And was determined the live weight of the calves (kg). It is found that about 83 % of cows the calving pass easily enough. At the same time, more than 10 % of the calving, operators had to spend only the final help of the calves release from the animal's birth canal. However, almost 7 % of calving animals care required sufficiently substantial assistance, which included several operators. It is proved that the age of the cows is not crucial, which determines the dystocia. In this case, a direct relationship was established between the live weight of calves at birth and the display of dystocia during calving of cows. The live weight of the newborn at 37 kg causes a slight dystocia, and weighs about 39 kg – a dystocia. The live weight of the calves at birth at the level of 34 kg provides a normal course of calving. In 74.4 % of first-heifers there is a complication of recovery of the reproduction system after calving. The rate of cows in fourth lactation is quite high – 72.5 %. Close to this indicator are characterized by cows of the second lactation, in which symptomatic infertility is 69.6 %. The average index of insemination is 1.9 units is typical for cows with a normal postpartum period. Symptomatic infertility leads to a lengthening of the service period by almost a month, compared to calving cows and the postpartum period proceeded normally. Heavy dystocia during calving is characteristic of 12 % of the animals, which were predominantly cows of the first calving. Keywords: holstein breed, service period, calving, index of insemination, dystocia, symptomatic infertility.

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