KARYOTYPE INSTABILITY OF CATTLE (Bos taurus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
M. Peredry
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
The Difference

The article deals with the results of cytogenetic research on Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows with different level of reproductive ability. Cultivation of lymphocytes, preparation of cytogenetic samples, classification and count of chromosome aberrations were performed using conventional methods. For cytogenetic study three groups of cows were formed by data of zootechnical records depending on traits of cows’ reproductive ability. The I group (17 head) composed of animals with impaired reproductive ability. 33 cows with open days not less than 150 days were included to the II group, 25 cows with open days of 51-90 days – the III group. Significantly greater frequency of cells with aneuploid and polyploid set of chromosomes and cells with chromosomal aberrations was revealed in karyotypes of animals with impaired reproductive ability than in cows with normal reproductive function. Aneuploidy among the numerical chromosomal violations is most common, frequency of which was significantly greater in the I group – 10.5 ± 2.38%, frequency of aneuploid cells in the II group of cows was 6.3 ± 1.45% and in cows with normal reproductive function – 4.46 ± 0.73. The largest number of polyploid cells was found in the I group of cows (1.0 ± 0.01%), frequency in the II and III groups was significantly 2 time and 6 times less, accordingly. In the studied groups significant differences were revealed in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. In most cases breaks and gaps, including chromatid gaps, chromosomal and chromatid breaks, deletions, and formed as a result of this the fragments of genetic material were observed. There were not constitutional chromosome rearrangements, including Robertsonian translocation. In the I group of animals, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was a third higher than the same figure in the II and III groups. The difference between frequencies of higher and lower group value of this figure was 4.15%. A positive correlation was found between open days and main cytogenetic indicators in all the groups. The highest positive correlation (r = 0.70; r = 0.50; r = 0.44) was revealed between length of open days and frequency of structural aberrations, open days and polyploidy, open days and aneuploidy in the II group of cows with open days 150 days and more. In the I group the highest positive correlation (r = 0.48) was found between length of open days and aneuploidy. In the third group defined as control, positive correlation (r = 0.55) was also between open days and aneuploidy. The results of the research give the reason to use indicators of karyotype variability as a criterion for assessing reproductive traits of dairy herd cows.

scholarly journals KARYOTYPЕ VARIABILITY OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE BREED WITH VARIED REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Peredry ◽  
V. V. Dzitsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Karyotype Instability ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

The results of the cytogenetic study of cows of Ukrainian red-bream dairy breeds with different reproductive ability are presented in the article. Breeding reproductive ability of cows is often and, as a rule, they include an increase in the duration of the service period, the occurrence of violations of embryonic development, stillbirth and miscarriages. Investigation of karyotype and thorough analysis of hereditary information of the herd population of herds will help to establish and eliminate the cause of reproductive failure of cows. The purpose of the study is to study the karyotype variability of cows with normal and violated reproductive qualities. The material for the research was the results of an individual assessment of the animals of the Ukrainian red-shingled breed of the DP DH "Khrystynivske" on the basis of zootechnical records and experimental cytogenetic data. To analyze the data of zootechnical accounting, the software package SUMS "Intesel Orsek" was used. Laboratory studies were conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after MV. Tooth The cultivation of lymphocytes, the preparation of cytogenetic drugs, the classification and recording of aberrations of chromosomes were carried out according to generally accepted techniques. The analysis of metaphase cells included cytogenetic parameters: the proportion of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural aberrations of the chromosomes. For the cytogenetic study, based on the materials of the zootechnical account, three groups of cows have been formed, depending on their reproductive ability: I group, number 17, consists of animals with impaired reproductive ability. To II group included 33 cows, service period of which is not less than 150 days; Group ІІІ - 25 cows with a service period of 51-90 days. The study of blood lymphocytes of cows with different reproductive ability revealed a difference in the level of chromosomal instability. The results of the studies showed that in the karyotypes of animals with impaired reproductive ability, a significantly higher frequency of cells with aneuploid and polyploid chromosome sets, as well as cells with chromosomal aberrations was found to be significantly higher than that of cows with normal reproductive functions. It was established that a significantly larger proportion of cells with aneuploidy occurs in the karyotype of animals of group I, that is, in animals with a disturbed reproductive ability - 10.5 ± 2.38%. In cows of group ІІ, the frequency of cells with aneuploid number of chromosomes in blood cells decreased to 6.3 ± 1.45%. Less than twice the cows in this group and the frequency of cells with the polyploid chromosome set (from 1,0 ± 0,01 to 0,45 ± 0,16) and 15% with structural aberrations of the chromosomes (from 14,82 ± 2,87 up to 12.5 ± 2.87). In cows of group III (with normal reproductive ability), cells with aneuploid chromosomal set were found to be 2.3 times less than in cows with reproductive capacity (Group I) (P> 0.999). In the karyotypes of cows that were examined, no constitutional alterations of the chromosomes, including translocations of the Robertson type, were revealed. In animals of group I, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was one third higher than that of animals of groups ІІ and ІІІ. The difference in frequencies between the higher and lower group values of this indicator was 4.15%. It has been established that in all groups of investigated animals there is a positive correlation between the service period and the main cytogenetic parameters. The highest positive correlation values (r = 0.70; r = 0.50; r = 0.44) are established between the duration of the service period and the frequency of structural aberrations, service period and polyploidy, service period and aneuploidy respectively in cows of the second group , In which the service period lasted 150 days or more. In cows of group I, the highest positive correlation (r = 0.48) is established between the duration of the service period and aneuploidy. For the third group, defined by us as a control, the positive relationship (r = 0.55) between the service period and aneuploidy is also established. Thus, the correlations established between the level of karyotype instability and one of the characteristics of reproductive ability (service period) indicate that the levels of karyotype instability in cows to a sufficient degree can characterize their reproductive qualities. The results of the studies show that the higher frequency of abnormal cells is found mainly in cows with broken reproductive functions. Consequently, we can conclude that for assessing the individual qualities of dairy cows, indicators of karyotype instability should be used as a criterion for evaluating the reproductive qualities of cows.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE DESIRED TYPE CONCEPT IN HERD OF JERSEY BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. А. Kochuk-Yashchenko ◽  
D. M. Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Automated Information System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

The results of the studies highlight the usefulness of application of the concept of the desired type for herd of Jersey breed. The researches have conducted in the herd of the Jersey breed of «Dan-Milk» subsidiary of Chernyakhiv district of Zhytomyr region. Zootechnical and breeding records have been established at a high level. The implementation of various zootechnical and technological operations greatly facilitate by the introduction of the automated information system "Uniform Agri". The conditions for raising, feeding, keeping and using cows ensure the realization of their genetic potential for milk production. Milking of cows held on the "Parallel". Keeping cows unattached to rest boxes. The rations have made according to the physiological state and the level of productivity of the animals. The correspondence of the indices of first-calf cows of cognate groups, offspring of booger-breeders, differentiated groups by the value of the animals of the desired type was determined by the mean normalized deviation (t) in fractions of the mean square deviation (σ) according to the concept of the desired type by the method of M. Pelekhaty and L. Piddubna. The cows were characterized by 6 indicators of dairy productivity and 5 – reproductive ability of the first lactation. Improving the economically useful traits of cows to parameters of the desired type were carried out by using various breeding techniques. The offspring of bulls Headline 114114336 (t = -0.27) and DJ Jante 302761 (t = -0.30) had the best fit for the parameters of animals of the desired type according to the studied characteristics, the worst was Karl 67037285 (t = -0.77). As a result of researches it has been established that indices of cows of different cognate groups have characterized by less conformity to parameters of animals of the desired type, in comparison with the results of daughters of individual sires on the average value of normalized deviation. Cows of the Fallneva’s 593883 (+0.01) cognate group are closer in terms of reproducibility to animals of the desired type of cows, Surville’s 604694 (-0.06) are the least, and in the milk productivity, the Observer’s 553236 (-0.56) related group and Fallneva’s 593883 (-0.82), respectively. With the increase in the milk yield of Jersey cows, there was a decrease in the difference between the indices of animals of different groups with corresponding parameters of animals of the desired type. With the increase in the level of milking from 10 thousand. slightly better cows (t = +0.06) have observed for the parameters of the animals of the desired type, but this result is due to the very low reproductive ability of the cows and long lactation, which makes it impossible to repair the herd in time for its own young. In 36 cases out of the 55 cows with different levels of dairy productivity were significantly inferior to parameters of the animals of the desired type, accounting for 65.5% of the total number of comparisons. It is advisable to select animals with a milk yield of at least 9000 kg of milk, which will lead to an increase in the number of cows of the desired type in the herd. The most usefulness methods of creating a high-performance dairy herd for «Dan-Milk» subsidiary have been identified and presented. They identified the use of Jersey sires cows and the selection of cows by milk yield (the average normalized deviation on reproduction ability were -0.07 and -0.08, on the basis of dairy productivity -0.73 and -0.72).

scholarly journals Reproductive ability of cows and their descendants of different generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The research was carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed and their descendants of the first and second generations on the conditions of LLC “Veletenj” in the Glukhiv district of the Sumy region. In cows, based on a retrospective analysis of data and the results of their own searches, was studied the age dynamics of reproductive capacity of cows for the first-seventh and higher lactation, and their daughters and granddaughters for the first and higher lactation. It has been established that reproductive ability of cows to some extent is due to their age. Depending on the lactation, the duration of the parturition of the cows of LLC “Veletenj” varied from 278.2 to 280.0, the duration of the indifference period – from 64.4 to 69.0 days, service period – from 123.5 to 136.4, inter-calving period – from 402.2 to 414.8 and in the dry stable period – from 61.3 to 75.8 days, the reproduction rate was 0.91–0.93, the calves output for 100 cows was 90.9–93.0 the index of insemination is 2.41–2.56 and the fertility index is 42.2–44.8. The results of our research indicate that each subsequent generation of cows was characterized by a better reproductive ability, which, in our opinion, is due to the timely abandonment of fetuses and stimulation of infertile cows, as well as an improved level of feeding. The difference in the duration of the service period for the first lactation between the mothers and their daughters was 24.5, for the best lactation – 24.8, for the duration of the interotional period – 24.8 and 23.7 days, respectively, at P < 0.001 in all cases. A more significant difference in reproductive performance was observed between cows and their granddaughters. In terms of the duration of the service period for the first and best lactation, it was 15.5 (P < 0.05) and 33.3 (P < 0,001) and interotional period – 17.3 (P < 0.05) and 33,2 days (P < 0.001) respectively. Between the majority of the studied reproductive abilities of mothers and daughters for the first and higher lactation, the relative variability was positive and reliable, and mothers and granddaughters – low uncertainty and mostly negative (exception – the duration of calving). The highest positive correlation coefficients were observed between the duration of cervix and their daughters (r = 0.113 ± 0.039 at P < 0.001) and granddaughters (r = 0.211 ± 0.088 at P < 0.05) for the first lactation, as well as mothers and daughters for higher lactation (r = 0.114 ± 0.039 at P < 0.01). Between indicators of the indifference period (r = -0.036–0.051) and the index of fertility of cows (r = -0.080–0.014) and their descendants for the lactation under investigation have low, multidirectional, unreliable connections. The influence of mothers on indicators of reproductive function of descendants is established. They made the most significant impact on the duration of service and inter calving periods, reproduction rate, calving out of 100 cows and the index of daughter insemination (ηx2 = 27.57–52.22%). For higher lactation, this effect was significantly lower (exception – the index of insemination) – ηx2 = 15,39–28,10%.

Sources of genetic variation for milk production in a crossbred herd in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mackinnon ◽  
W. Thorpe ◽  
R. L. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Recombination Loss ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractCrossbreeding parameters and variance components were estimated for lactation and reproductive traits of crosses between the Sahiwal, Brown Swiss and Ayrshire breeds in a dairy herd in sub-humid coastal Kenya. An individual animal model urns fitted to the data with a fixed effect for 20 distinct breed crosses. The estimates of breed cross means were then regressed on average breed content, expected average heterozygosity and recombination loss to determine the additive breed contributions, and the contributions of dominance and epistasis to heterosis. It was estimated that the Sahiwal contributed about 1345 kg (proportionally 0·33) less milk per lactation than the Brown Swiss. The Ayrshire was intermediate. The large amount of heterosis from the crosses of the Sahiwal (Bos indicusj and Bos taurus breeds more than compensated for the lower additive value of the Sahiwal when used in a three-breed rotational cross or synthetic. Heterosis amotig Bos taurus breeds was negligible. Estimates of the maternal heterosis and recombination loss (epistasis) were not significant, although the latter were consistently large and positive. It was concluded that the heterosis between the zebu and European breeds was mainly due to dominance effects. Estimates of heritability for milk yield traits were low (around 0·09 to 0·13) compared with other studies, although estimates of repeatability (around 0·29 to 0·33) were similar to results from the literature, indicating that the accuracy of estimated breeding values in this crossbred herd was reduced because of the non-additive genetic effects. The genetic improvement of crossbred herds is discussed.

scholarly journals PSVII-17 Program Chair Poster Pick: Reproductive function of cows depending on lipid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Murat Baymishev ◽  
Sergey Eremin ◽  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Khamidulla Baymishev ◽  
Igor Konopel’tsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
Synthetic Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Oxidized Products

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the etiopathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in highly productive cows. Studies were conducted on cows of black-motley breed, aged 3–5 lactations, with a live weight of 480–520 kg. Cows were divided into two groups. The first group included 20 cows effective inseminated after the first insemination. The second group included 17 cows that did not fertilize after the first insemination. Blood samples (n = 253) were taken from 4–7; 14–17; 24–34; 35–50; 88–95; 195–210 days of pregnancy; during the beginning of dry period (DP); 1–4 days before calving and on the first day after calving. The content of total serum lipids in pregnant animals was 15.8% higher compared to unfertilized animals. In non-pregnant cows, a decrease in free cholesterol (by 28.65%), especially in its ether-bound fraction (14.91%), indicates a lower synthetic function of the liver, which is confirmed by the low serum levels of vitamins A and E (a difference of 11.3 and 23.65%). The DP was characterized by a significant increase in the products of lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde by 12–17%, diene and triene conjugates - by 10–15 and 8–15%, respectively, and 1–4 days before calving in cows, which subsequently had a pathological calving, in particular - retention of placenta (5 cows), were characterized by an increased content in the blood plasma of lipid peroxidation products. Thus, the difference in the number of dienes, trienes, and malondialdehyde products was 14.0, 12.0, and 23.5%, compared with animals without obstetric pathology. On the first day after calving, this difference increased even more. Cows with retention of placenta had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation products and were characterized by a predominance of oxidized products over the antiradical thiol disulfide and ascorbate systems restored in the antioxidant balance.

scholarly journals Detection of New Translocation in Infant Twins with Concordant ALL and Discordant Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Golamreza Bahoush ◽  
Maryam Vafapour ◽  
Roxana Kariminejad
Keyword(s):  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Cytogenetic Testing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Mll Gene Rearrangement

About 2–5% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases in pediatric patients are infants with an unfavorable prognosis because of high relapse probability. Early detection of the disease is, therefore, very important. Despite the fact that leukemia in twins occurs rarely, more attention has been paid to it in genetic studies. In the present study, through cytogenetic testing, a special case of concordant ALL in monozygotic twins was presented with different outcomes. In spite of an acceptable initial consequence to medical treatment in twins, in another brother (Twin B), early relapse was observed. In the cytogenetic study, both twins expressed t (4; 11) (q21; q23) while twin A expressed t (2; 7) (p10; q10). No cases have previously reported this mutation. Whether this translocation has a protective role for leukemia with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement is still unclear. The difference in the translocation identified in the identical twins is also subject to further investigations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiles of Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells of White Leghorn and Green-Legged Partridgelike Chicken Embryos

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Katarzyna Stadnicka ◽  
Marek Bednarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Global Methylation

The Green-legged Partridgelike fowl is a native, dual-purpose Polish chicken. The White Leghorn has been intensively selected for several decades to mainly improve reproductive traits. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) represent the germline stem cells in chickens and are the only cells that can transfer the information stored in the genetic material from generation to generation. The aim of the study was to carry out a transcriptomic and an epigenetic comparison of the White Leghorn and Green-legged Partridgelike gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) at three developmental stages: days 4.5, 8, and 12 of the embryonic development. RNA and DNA were isolated from collected gPGCs. The RNA was further subjected to microarray analysis. An epigenetic analysis was performed based on the global methylation analysis and qMSP method for the particular silenced genes demonstrated in transcriptomic analysis. Statistically significant differences between the gPGCs from both breeds were detected on the day 8 of embryonic development. Global methylation analysis showed significant changes at the methylation level in the White Leghorn gPGCs on day 8 of embryonic development. The results suggest faster development of Green-legged Partridgelike embryos as compared to White Leghorn embryos. Changes in the levels of gene expression during embryonic development are determined by genetic and environmental factors, and this variability is influenced by breed and gender.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOME PARATIPICAL FACTORS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF DAIRY COWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
G. S. Sharapa ◽  
O. V. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Service Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Scientific and production experiments were carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed (UBAWD) of SE "Seagull" (branch "Lisne") during 2016–2017. The anatomical and physiological state of genital organs of cows was determined by the method of clinical and gynecological research of animals before conducting experiments and during them every 40–50 days. In total 486 cows were kept under control, which were kept in typical rooms with running platforms, but the active motivation of animals was clearly insufficient. Feeding cows according to the recommended standards. The milk yield from the cow in 2017 was 7813 kg. The experiments studied the effect of feeding cows during the dry period, the conditions of retention and some other paratypic factors on the course of the genera and the postnatal period, the duration of the service period and the fertility of cows. In analyzing the research results, personal records and veterinary documentation were used. In conducting experiments, it was found that normal calving was in 89% of cows, and severe and pathological – in 11% of cases. The main diseases in the afterlife period were: detention of the litter – 9.5%, postpartum endometritis – 21.5%, hypofunction of the ovaries – 23.0%, persistent yellow ovarian bodies – 25.6% and others. Normal intervals between stages of excitation of the sexual cycle (18–22 days) were in 63% of cows, and violations of the rhythm of sexual cycle, associated with dysfunction of the ovaries and missed the hunt – 30% of animals. Subunvulation of the genital organs of the cows contributed to the diseases of the limbs, udder and digestive disorders. During 2016–2017, the effect of feeding cows (173 g.) in the dry period on the course of calving, post-autumn period and their fertility was studied. Under the same conditions, keeping cows in the maternity ward and feeding rough and succulent feeds concentrated feeds fed cows of the control group (98 heads) to 1–2 kg daily during the dry period, and experimental (75 heads) – for 18–20 days to calving 2–3 kg. A positive difference was found in favor of cows of the experimental group: there was a more active stage of expulsion of the fetus, less delay of the placenta (by 7%) and endometritis (by 12%), the duration of the postoperative regenerative period decreased by 8.6 days; service period – 19.0 days; fertility from two inseminans was higher by 5.7%. Study of the reproductive capacity of cows at the hotel in different seasons showed that the recovery period was shorter by 11 days in the presence of cows in 3–4 quarters, and the service period – by 23.2 days at hotel in I and IV sq. The average duration of the recovery period was 79.5 days, while the service period was 123.4 days. The longest duration of the joint ventricle was in cows at hotel during the hot summer days of the year. The average fertilization rate from the first insemination of 339 cows was 44.9% with fluctuations in individual groups of milkers from 26.8% to 55.0%. The following indicators were in the number 1 and number 3 (respectively 26.8% and 31.4%). The best fertility rates were in groups № 4, 6 and 7, where there were more cows of the second and third lactation, and the responsible attitude of the milkers to work in organizing cows walks and sexually explicit hunting. When comparing the assessment of the duration of the IP and SP in full-age cows and cows, the first-born, taking into account 225 goals. It was found that these indicators were longer in primitive cows – 20.7 days respectively and 21.9 days in relation to full-age cows. The obtained results are completely consistent with the results obtained by a number of both domestic and foreign researchers. More attention is needed to grow heifers and to prepare newborns for delivery. In 15–17% of cows at and after the hotel, gynecological diseases that occurred in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases, lameness, mastitis and others were diagnosed. This has negatively affected the overall performance of the herd. In studying the duration of HP and SP in healthy and sick cows after calving, it was found that if the SP in healthy cows lasts 73.4 days, then in patients – 116.3 days (the difference was 42.9 days), and the difference in the duration of the joint venture reached 98.7 days. On the basis of the results of the research, it can be concluded that the reproductive function of the cows is influenced by such paratypic factors as feeding animals in the dry period, the temperature factor (time of year), the human factor (the effect of milking on a group of cows), age and physiological state of cows in the hotel and in the afterlife period. When feeding 2–3 kg of bovine feed for cows, together with rough and juicy fodder for 18–20 days prior to calving, the recovery period decreased by 8.6 days and service period – by 19 days, and fertility from two inseminals increased by 5.7%, reaching 85.3%. The smallest duration of the service-period was in the presence of cows in the I and IV quarters year (107.7–117.1 days). In primary cows, the recovery period was longer than that of full-age cows by 20.7 days, and the service period was 21.9 days. In the physiologically healthy cows after calving, the recovery period lasted an average of 73.4 days and service period – 98.7 days, and in patients, after the prescribed treatment – respectively 116.3 days and 197.4 days.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ВІКУ САМОК НОРОК РІЗНИХ ГЕНОТИПІВ СКАНДИНАВСЬКОЇ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ПЛОДЮЧОСТІ

2014 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Н. В. Яремич
Keyword(s):  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Ability

Проведено дослідження показників плодючостісамок норок різних генотипів скандинавської селекціїв залежності від тривалості їх використання длярозмноження в господарстві. Встановлено, що неза-лежно від кольорового типу у самок із віком зроста-ють показники відтворювальної здатності. Так, унорок генотипів Pearl та Scanblack максимальні зна-чення показника багатоплідності зареєстровані усамок третього року використання – 6,25–6,42 ще-нят (P>0,99…0,999). У звірів типу Scanglow макси-мальне значення даного показника спостерігалось удворічних самок (5,48 гол.). Встановлено високовіро-гідний позитивний кореляційний зв'язок між показни-ками кількості народжених усього та народженихживими норченят (r = 0,36–0,39, p<0,001). They conducted  the research of mink-females fertility indicators with different genotypes of the Scandinavian selection which depends on duration of their usage for reproduction in a farm. It is established that the females` type indicators of reproductive ability do not depend on the colour and grow with age. So, the minks of genotypes Pearl and Scanblack the maximum indexes of fertility indicators are registered at females of 3 years usage - 6,25-6,42 puppies (P> 0,99...0,999). The maximum index of this indicator of Scanglow genotype was observed at females of 2-year age - 5,48 heads. High-probable positive correlation tie was established  between indicators of born and born live puppies (r = 0,36-0,39, p>;0,001).

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of the Hominin’s DPP4 Gene Inherited from Neanderthals to Pandemic of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
South Americans

Background: According to preliminary sequences from 2010, 99.7% of the nucleotide sequences of the modern human and Neanderthal genomes are identical, compared to humans sharing around 98.8% of sequences with the chimpanzee. In contrast, the difference between chimpanzees and modern humans is approximately 1,462 mtDNA base pairs. Materials and Methods: Neanderthal-inherited genetic material is found in all non-African populations and was initially reported to comprise 1 to 4 percent of the genome. This fraction was later refined to 1.5 to 2.1 percent. We had gone through many researches of Neanderthals affected gene flow in humans. Results: It is estimated that 20 percent of Neanderthal DNA currently survives in modern humans. Modern human genes involved in making keratin, a protein constituent of skin, hair, and nails, have especially high levels of introgression. For example, approximately 66% of East Asians contain a POUF23L variant introgressed from Neanderthals, while 70% of Europeans possess an introgressed allele of BNC2. Our finding shines a light on an enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Scientists already know the protein allows another coronavirus, which causes Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), to bind to and enter human cells. The new analysis, of DPP4 gene variants among COVID-19 patients, suggests the enzyme also provides SARS-CoV-2 with a second door into our cells, along with its usual infection route via the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on cell surfaces. Conclusion: Most Europeans, Asians, and Native Americans harbor a handful of genes from Neanderthals, up 1.8% to 2.6% of their DNA. Studies of ancient DNA in Neanderthal fossils have shown the hominin’s DPP4 gene subtly differs from the typical human one. Conclusion: The hominin’s DPP4 gene inherited from Neanderthals plays a major role in Immune System Disorders and Lower Immune response in many diseases. This gene plays a major role in affecting humans with COVID-19 and spreading it through the world. All humans contain this gene from 1 to 4 percent. East Asians, Europeans, Middle and South Americans conveys more, hence; native Africans contain less amounts of hominin’s DPP4 gene. Therefore; East Asians, Europeans, Middle and South Americans are prone to severe COVID-19.

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