scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE SITUATION IN SEEF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE» FOR BREEDING UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND ITS IMPROVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holysa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
L. V. Marchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed

Created Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle have a desirable level of reproductive and productive qualities.  These breeds are competing successfully with animals of the European selection, so comparative study of pedigree and productive qualities of animals at one of the farms has practical value. The studies were conducted in the herd of “Oleksandrivske” SE RF at the animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds of Vinnytsia region. The animals of both breeds were kept under the same technological conditions in housing for livestock. It was taken into account milk production (milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) for 305 days of lactation. Expert evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers has been conducted for 2015-2016. Assessment of type of body structure of cows was conducted on 100-point scale. Fatness of cows was determined on 5-point scale. The analysis of genealogies of 37 bulls which had progeny in the herd was conducted by breeding index, discharge of breeding values and milk production of ancestors. Milk production of the animals of the herd was more than 6000 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Comparing milk yields, it was found that the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed dominated Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the same age. It is noteworthy that biological feature of cows to increasing milk yield with each subsequent lactation is positive. Thus, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows after the second calving in comparison with the first calving increased milk yield by 380 kg and the animals after the third calving and older comparatively with the second one – by 425 kg more. Also the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows increased milk yield, respectively, by 348 and 358 kg. The average body measurements of the first-calf heifers were inferior by targeted parameters of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle from -0.3 cm (girth of metacarpus) to -7.8cm (height in the sacrum) in most cases.  The total number of points for type of body structure was 87.9 at the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and, respectively, 87.0 at the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows; it corresponds to the assessment "very good". This indicates the high estimation of individual parts of the exterior. The cows of the herd had the required fatness. The average of this trait at animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed was 3.0 points and at the cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle was respectively 3.4 points. The genealogical structure of the current herd of “Oleksandrivske” SERF consists of two female contingents. The animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle were derived from 18 bulls belonging to 8 bloodlines. Most of animals belong to R.O.R.Elevation 1491007 bloodline – 45.4%, H.H.Starbuck 352790 and P.F.A.Chief 1427381 bloodlines – 14.4%. Qualitative characteristic of bulls used for the female livestock of the herd, shows that in the vast majority they are valuable breeding bulls. However, it should be noted that there are progeny derived from bulls with low breeding value in the herd. Thus, bull Matrix Red 136549448 had SI-7 and H- and Trubadur 343643346 had SI-50 and H-. The use of bulls for female livestock of the herd with low breeding value is unacceptable for further breeding work. Expectation of improving the breeding traits in progeny from such fathers is unlikely. It is planned to accelerate the reproduction of valuable genotypes and increase the rate of genetic progress at the herd using embryos transplantation this year. Donors of embryos will be their own breeding resources. Using this method will make it possible to exclude from the selection process animals with exterior defects and low-yielding cows. The considered aspects of selective breeding work indicate prospects of using Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. This applies particularly to increase of milk yield to 8000 kg and more per lactation. Bulls which will be used for breeding stock should have high rates of breeding values (SI +1000 and P4 and more). Especially it applies such features as fat content in milk and some exterior defects.

scholarly journals Milk productivity and reproductive ability of ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed cows of different type of constitution

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Shcherbatyj ◽  
P. V. Bodnar ◽  
Y. G. Kropyvka
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Dairy Breed

The analysis was done on milk production and the reproductive ability of cows of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows of different types of constitution under conditions of breeding farm «Yamnytsya» Tysmenytsya district, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Determining the type of constitution of animals was carried out by mass-metric coefficient, indicator of which were differentiated from its deviation from the arithmetic mean share at 0.43 of sigma (σ), three types of constitution: tight, intermediate and loose. It is established that the milk yield and reproducible ability of cows depended on the type of constitution. For the first, second, third and better lactation the highest milk yield and the amount of milk fat were observed cows of dense type of constitution, and what prevailed animals of intermediate and loose types in 428.0–1318.2 and 11.9–49.2 kg respectively. The largest share of influence of the type constitution on yield and the amount of butterfat in the first lactation (18.51 and 18.42%) and on the fat content in milk for the second and third lactation (10.98 and 17.11%). The correlation coefficients between the type of constitution and milk yield, depending on lactation, were in the range 0.047–0.410, fat content in milk – -0.098– -0.423 and the number of milk fat – -0.032– +0.403. The highest connection between the type of constitution and milk yield milk yield and quantity of milk fat were observed in the first lactation, and in the second, the third and best lactation – between the type of constitution and fat content in milk. Lower age of first calving cows were characterized cows of dense type of constitution, which conceded intermediate and loose type. For the duration of service- and between calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, index of heifers insemination and firstborn cows, animals of dense type constitution conceded the intermediate and loose types. High and reliable (P < 0.01–0.001) influence of constitution type had on the duration and service-and between-calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, and index of heifers insemination – within 6.03–7.09%, and the smallest - on the duration of gestation of heifers and firstborn cows – 0.66 and 0.41% respectively. The highest positive and highly probable correlation coefficients were observed between the type of constitution of animals and the duration of their service- and between calving period (0.283 and 0.278) and negative, but probable links – between the type of constitution and coefficient of reproductive capacity (-0.271) and calves output per 100 cows (-0.269). Available communication indicates the possibility and expediency of dairy cattle breeding by mass-metric coefficient, that will promote simultaneous enhancement of their milk production at selection by external-constitutional type.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals Reppoductive ability of ukrainian black and white dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuziv ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Duration

The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99,  output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different  farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.

scholarly journals FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST-CALF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. М. Kucher ◽  
A. М. Didkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of animals at the lowest number of indicators is more effective compared to selection on many grounds. The main focus during the selection of Holstein cattle was to increase milk productivity, which meant the neglect of other important features, such as fertility (fecundity) of animals. The purpose of the work was to determine the level of milk productivity of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in conditions of a particular farm, in which there would be a successful combination of reproductive capacity support for adjusting the selection of animals. The research was carried out in the breeding plant of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of farm "Khliborob" of Kozyatinsky district of Vinnytsia region. The material of the research was the information of 212 first-calf cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of this farm. Indicators of dairy productivity were studied in 305 days of lactation according to zootechnical records. Reproductive ability of cows evaluated index insemination, age 1 st calving (months), duration (days) of service period, the period of pregnancy, the period between calving, the dry period, a rate of reproductive capacity (CRF), the calves are emitted per 100 cows (%) and the fertility index. The first-breed differentiation was carried out at a deviation of 0.7 σ from the mean of index (M) of the fertility index. Such a division makes it possible to divide the herd into 3 groups in a ratio of 1:2:1. The highest level of dairy productivity have characterized by animals of the I group with low fertility (the fertility index was on average 40.8), which significantly surpassed their peers of the III group with good fertility for the livelihood for 305 days of lactation for 434 kg, milk protein production – by 15.2 kg, total milk fat and protein production – by 26.0 kg (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in the duration of lactation and deterioration of fertility has associated with an increase in the duration of the service period, which is quite natural, since animals need more time to invade the genital organs and normalize their functioning and restore normal sexual cycle. The difference in the duration of the lactation period when comparing animals with different fertility in all cases was high-reliable at P ≤ 0.001 (td = 3.38–6.00). The effect of cow fertility on the duration of their lactation was ηx = 0.160 (at P ≤ 0.001). The main indicator that characterizes the economic efficiency of the industry is the profit received from the cow due to the receipt of the calfs and milk. Taking into account the duration of the service period, which exceeded the optimum terms, in the first days of the experimental groups, indicators of non-compliance of products in the form of calves per 100 cows were determined, which made 18.5%, 14.1% and 11.4% respectively. The force of influence on the fertility of cows at the age of their first calving was ηx = 0.507 (at P ≤ 0.001). According to the received data, the first-calf cows with a tiredness of 6274 kg of milk showed the highest calving output in the herd is for 100 cows (89.6%) and reproductive capacity (0.91). The lowest calf output (82.5%) and reproductive capacity (0.84) was found in cows with a milk yield of 6708 kg for 305 days of lactation. As the milk productivity increases, the duration of the service period extends from 123.1 to 158.3 days (r = 0.16 ± 0.07, at P ≤ 0.05), and the index of insemination – from 2.35 to 3,02 (r = 0.17 ± 0.08, at P ≤ 0.05). The relationship was straightforward and reliable. It is necessary to focus on improving cow fertility, which is the basis of effective milk production. For the successful management of dairy cattle breeding in the conditions of the "Hliborob" farm, we recommend to select the herds of heifers to be retrieved from animals with satisfactory fertility, since this will be economically beneficial for the farm and physiologically optimal for animals. A negative correlation was detected between milk productivity and reproductive capacity - with an increase in the fertility index per unit of hopes for cows, it would increase by 148.5 kg of milk. Under existing conditions of feeding and keeping on the farm it is expedient to select for further breeding of animals with a productivity level of 6.5 thousand kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. For a more complete realization of the genetic potential of milk production of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk, it is necessary to improve the conditions of their feeding, maintenance.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF EXTERIOR OF PRIMARY COWS OBTAINED FROM BULLS MONBELIARD, NORWEGIAN RED AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. I. Bashchenko ◽  
O. V. Boiko ◽  
O. F. Honchar ◽  
Y. M. Sotnichenko ◽  
E. F. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Dairy Breed

Ukrainian Red- and Black-and-White dairy breeds, which are the most common in the region, as well as each biological system, are in constant variability and need constant scientifically-based support and improvement not only in general milk productivity, but also in such specific features as duration of economic use and reproducibility. A systematic approach in the optimization of breeding programs and the search for optimal crossbreeding options in populations of domestic dairy breeds is a little-studied and relevant area of research. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the formation of the exterior of the first-born cows obtained from bulls of the Montbeliard, Norwegian Red and Holstein breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was conducted in 2019–2020 on the basis of 4 breeding farms of Cherkasy region. 120 heads of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds, 201 heads of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds, 80 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds and Montbeliards, 96 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds and Norwegian Black-and-White cows were taken into account. Comparative evaluation of animals on productive traits, exterior type was carried out within breeding herds, taking into account the structure of the genotype of animals. The study of morphological and physiological features of the udder of cows was carried out by determining the shape and size by taking measurements at 2–3 months of lactation for 1 hour. 30 min before milking. The functional properties of the udder were studied by the intensity of milk production (kg/min.) during the control milking. The milk yield was determined by the formula proposed by N. P. Pogribna and others. The growth intensity of repair heifers and the index of decline in growth energy were determined by the methods of Yu. K. Svechin, L. I. Dunaev, V. P. Kovalenko. Biometric processing of experimental data – statistical, correlation and analysis of variance were performed according to the methods of N. A. Plokhinsky and E. K. Mercury on a computer type IBM PC/AT. Research results. At the age of six months among local heifers obtained from breeders of the Montbeliard Breed received a live weight of more than 200 kg (when using Holstein Breeders for reproduction, the weight of heifers at 6 months was 174.4–182.1 kg), at the age of over 380 kg (383.5–384.8 kg), in 15 months over 440 kg (442.9–449.9 kg). From birth to 6 months of age, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein Breeders had a higher live weight compared to crossbreeds obtained from bulls of the Norwegian Breed. After 6 months of age, local heifers outnumbered their peers in terms of live weight with an unlikely difference. The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed had high growth rates with well-developed breasts in depth, width and girth: height at withers and buttocks, respectively 133.7 ± 0.96 cm and 136.1 ± 1.05 cm with well-developed chest depth (72.9 ± 1.17 cm), width 42.6 ± 2.18 cm) and girth 193.0 ± 1.54 cm), with a wide back in the macula 51.6 ± 3.77 sm and in the buttocks 35.2 ± 1.09 sm. Body measurements of local first-borns of genotype 1/2URW1/2M – only 80 heads: height at withers 124.7 ± 3.71 cm (below first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by 9.0 sm (P > 0.95) URW); in the buttocks 127.9 ± 2.19 sm (8.2 sm below the firstborn URW breed) (P > 0.99), oblique body length 158.3 ± 13.82 cm (4.6 cm below the firstborn URW breed)). However, they outnumbered the first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by measuring the depth of the breast 75.3 ± 3.11 cm (2.4 cm), breast width from 47.7 ± 2.40 cm (5.1 sm), chest circumference 205.0 ± 4 10 sm (12 sm (P > 0.99)), width of the buttocks in the macula and buttocks (6.1–3.1 sm (P > 0.95)). The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black- and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein breeders had a height at the withers and buttocks of 130.9 ± 1.22 cm and 137.2 ± 0.86 cm, respectively, with well-developed breasts in depth and girth. Local first-borns obtained from the selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of Norwegian Black-and-White breeders had no significant difference in basic body measurements with those of the same age as those obtained from Holstein breeders. Regardless of genotype and breed, the udder of first-born cows is large in volume (in girth – 128.6 ± 3.14 and 148.7 ± 2.66 sm, length – 35.1 ± 1.23 and 40.3 ± 1.55 sm and a width of 29.5 ± 3.26 and 33.8 ± 4.36 sm.) With proportionally developed parts of the udder, bath- or cup-shaped, firmly attached to the abdominal wall with cylindrical teats. Duration of milking 10.1 ± 0.167 – 12.2 ± 0.157 minutes, milk production rate 1.90 ± 0.01 – 2.50 ± 0.07 kg/min. It was found that with increasing daily milk yield, the intensity of milk production also increased: correlation coefficients (r = 0.439–0.577) have a high reliability (td = 3.97–7.58). The value of the udder index among the studied breeds and genotypes was different and ranged from 43.4 ± 0.06% to 45.2 ± 0.02%. Conclusions. The crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows with Norwegian Black-and-White breeders did not have a significant effect on the exterior type of repair heifers under 12 months of age. Crossbreeding with the Montbeliard breed made it possible to obtain heifers that were inferior in growth, but had a developed, three-dimensional body, chest and pelvis. The use of genetic material of the Montbeliard and Norwegian Black-and-White breeds has contributed to the formation of cows of the desired exterior type with good udder characteristics that meet modern requirements of machine mil.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE OF COMPLEX GENOTYPES OF ALFA-LACTALBUMIN AND BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN WITH COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
О. P. Plivachuk ◽  
T. M. Dyman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Dairy Breed

The objective of this work was to study the effect of phenotypic combination of genetic variants α-LA and β-LG on the content of technologically and nutritionally important components of milk in cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed. Method PCR-RFLP was used to identify cow’s genotypes on the indicated genes. Milk yield was calculated based on the results of monthly control milking. It has been determined such indices of cow’s milk: fat content, protein content, total solids content, milk solids non-fat (MSNF) content, lactose content, casein content, casein number, milk density, milk rennet ability, heat stability (alcohol number) of milk. Statistical analysis was carried out using program Statistica 6.0. The study of genetic structure of the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle showed the high level of polymorphism on α-LA and β-LG genes. 6 genotypes were identified. Genetic structure of the herd on two genes simultaneously was determined. 9 complex genotypes were revealed. Phenotypic variants α-LA АВ/β-LG АВ, α-LAАА/β-LG АА and α-LAАВ/β-LG АА had the highest frequency – 26, 21,5and 14 % respectively. Frequencies of remaining genotypes were not higher than 10 %. The highest milk yield (5617 kg) was received from cows with genotype α-LA ВВ/β-LG АА. The percentage of these animals in the herd was only 7,5 %. The lowest milk yield (5367 kg) was fixed for the group of animals with complex genotypeα-LA АА/β-LG ВВ. The frequency of this genotype was 7 %. Three the most distributed complex genotypes (61,5 %) characterized by medium features of milk yield. Cows with genotypes α-LAАВ/β-LGВВ had the highest indices of fat content (3,93 %). The percentage of these animals in the herd was 5 %. The difference between cows’ groups with the highest and the lowest indices of fat content was 0,14% (td=2,5; p<0,05). Cows with genotypes α-LAАВ/β-LG АА had the highest protein content. Their percentage in the herd was 14 %. The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest indices of protein content was 0,06 % (td=1,1; p<0,05). The highest indices of casein content and casein number (2,42 % and 78,3 % respectively) were observed in animals with complex genotypes α-LAВВ/β-LG АВ andα-LAВВ/β-LGВВ, their frequency in the studied herd was 11 %. The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest above indicators was 0,05 % (td=1,8; p<0,05) and 3 % (td=2,38; p<0,001) respectively. Thus, milk from 11 % of cows of the studied herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed complied with the requirements for cheese manufacture better. Indicator of rennet ability confirmed this. The lowest time of milk coagulation (rennet ability) we observed in milk from cows with complex genotype α-LAВВ/β-LGВВ – 27,7 min. We can assume that expression of alleles B of α-LA and β-LG in this phenotypic combination determines such desirable properties for cheese making. At the same time, milk from cows with complex genotypes α-LAВВ/β-LG АВ and α-LAВВ/β-LGВВ had the worst indices of heat stability, its alcohol number was 2,17 ml. High heat stability of milk was determined by expression of A allele of genes α-LA and β-LG in phenotypic combination α-LA/β-LG. Milk from cows with genotype α-LA АВ/β-LG АВ had the highest lactose content (4,53 %). The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest indices of lactose content was 0,06% (td=1,1; p<0,05). Significant differences between the cows of different complex genotypes were not found for the total solids content. At the same time, some differences on MSNF content were observed. The highest indices (8,65 %) were revealed in groups of animals with genotypesα-LAАА/β-LG АА andα-LAВВ/β-LG АА, lowest (8,57 %) – with genotype α-LAАВ/β-LGВВ, but these differences were not statistically significant. The result presented here shows the relationship between the combination of alfa-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin genetic variants in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and the productivity traits of animals, technological properties of their milk.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTABILITY OF JERSEY BREED COWS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
N. Pelekhaty ◽  
D. Kucher ◽  
O. Kochuk-Yashchenko ◽  
A. Lypianets
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Adaptation Index

The results of the studies carried out highlight the assessment of the adaptive ability of Jersey cows. The conditions of keeping Jersey cows in the Dan Milk subsidiary contribute to the realization of high milk productivity, which is due to heredity, but cause a deterioration in their reproductive capacity. At the same time, a high manifestation of milk productivity and satisfactory reproductive ability have observed only in the daughters of DJ Jante 302761 – whose adaptation index was closer to zero and amounted to -2.7. The force of influence (ηx2) of paternal origin on the signs of milk production in first-calf calfs was 21.1% versus 5.9% of the generalized mean value for cows belonging to the line. It has been founded that according to the adaptation index, the state of animals those characterized by the absence of harmonious interaction with the environment – cows show high productivity with a significant deterioration in reproductive capacity, which indicates the presence of a feedback between these characteristics. It was found not high enough, but statistically significant influence (P < 0.01 – P < 0.001) on the adaptation level of first-calf cows by milk yield for 305 days of lactation (8.0%), milk fat and protein (7.0%). A statistically significant effect (ηx2 = 82%) of the signs of reproductive ability of cows (service period and period between calving) was found depending on their level of adaptation (P < 0.001). With an increase in the level of milk production of cows, was established a clear connection between the deterioration of the adaptive qualities of livestock. So with an increase in milk yield for the entire lactation from 6000 to 10000 kg of milk, the adaptation index decreases from -0.5 to -9.5, which is confirmed by a statistically significant difference between the extreme groups of animals with different levels of productivity (P < 0.001). According to the adaptation index, the condition of animals were characterize by the lack of harmonious interaction with the environment - cows show high milk productivity with a significant deterioration in reproductive capacity, which indicates the inverse relationship between these traits. The influence of the father and belonging to the lines on such indicators of milk productivity as: yield for 305 days of lactation, milk fat and protein (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001) was statistically significant. Significant effect of increasing the level of milk yield of cows was observed on such signs of reproductive capacity as: service period, period between calves and reproductive ability coefficient (P < 0,001). There was no statistically significant effect of belonging to the lines and offspring of specific breeders on the signs of reproduction of cows in general (P > 0.05). We found that the reproductive quality of cows is more influenced by the level of milk yield of cows during lactation (23.1%, at P < 0.001), which is confirmed by our previous studies. The conditions of keeping Jersey cows in the Dan Milk State Enterprise contribute to the realization of high milk productivity, which is due to heredity, but causes a deterioration in their reproductive capacity.

Effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
T. Vafa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Reproduction and milk production are the principal factors that are influencing dairy farm profitability. The dairy industry in Iran has changed dramatically in the last decade. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds in Iran is associated with a decrease reproductive efficiency (Heravi Moussavi et al., 2004). Increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. The root cause of the declining fertility is probably a combination of a variety of physiological and management factors that have an additive effect on reproductive efficiency. Dairy cattle are inseminated and pregnancy is established while dairy cows are lactating. Based on the analyses of large datasets, there is clearly an antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle (Lucy, 2001). It was shown that the hazard ratio for cumulative first 60-day milk yield and conception in high producer cows was 8 percent less than the others and also high milk yield was a risk factor for several reproductive disorders (Grohn and Rajala-Schultz, 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

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