scholarly journals Efficiency Determinants of Microfinance Institutions in India: Two Stage DEA Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa Kar ◽  
Joyeeta Deb
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Bad Output ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Measure Model ◽  
The Impact

Aim: In India, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) emerged as major player in providing microfinance services and therefore such institutions need to be financially sustainable in order to achieve their double bottom-line objective. Besides, Indian MFIs cannot protect themselves from the curse of loan non-repayment. Therefore, this study aims to measure performance of the Indian MFIs and examine whether sustainability has any significant impact on the efficiency of the MFIs. Design / Research methods: In order to gauge the performance of the Indian MFIs, non parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is adopted. Two models of DEA (BCC Model-input oriented and Undesirable Measure Model-output oriented) are applied used for better analysis. Further, to examine the factors influencing efficiency of the MFIs and particularly to answer whether Sustainability has any significant impact on efficiency, Tobit regression is applied in the study. Data of thirty-one Indian MFIs for seven years (2009-2015) are collected from MiX Market for the study. Conclusions / findings: Result of the study shows that average technical efficiency of the MFIs is estimated to be 79 percent under BCC model and 98 percent under Undesirable Measure Model. Indian MFIs can attain production frontier if they can trim their bad output (proxied by Portfolio at Risk 30) to an extent of around 14 percent. Further, the study validates that sustainability (proxied by Operational Self Sufficiency) has positive impact on efficiency. Originality / value of the article: Studies made so far on Indian MFIs have not addressed how the MFIs could become efficient by reducing their undesirable/bad output. Besides, no study so far has analysed the impact of sustainability on efficiency of the Indian MFIs. Therefore, this research tries to fill the existing research gap. Implications of the research: The result of the study can be useful to the Indian Microfinance Industry in improving their performance. The result can further be used by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to frame yardstick for the clients of the MFIs in connection with borrowing loans from MFIs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Information Communication and Technology Utilization on the Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Rwanda Case Study: Reseau Interdiocesain De Microfinance (Rim) Ltd, Rwanda (2011 -2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Jean Bosco Harelimana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Impact

The study analyzed the impact of ICT utilization on the financial performance of microfinance institutions inRwanda with case study of Réseau Interdiocesain de microfinance (RIM) Ltd undertaken within 5 years (2011-2015). The study adopted the use of descriptive survey using both qualitative and quantitative methods for a totalsample size of 132. Purporsive and simple random simpling was used for this purpose. Primary and Secondary datawere collected and thene analyzed using SPSS version 16.00. The study found that ICT has been introduced and usedabout 5 years and above. The study found that ICT impact firstly on financial sustainability and profitability (65.8%),secondly on financial efficiency and productivity (23.7) and finally on portfolio quality (5.3%). ICT utilization havea high influence to the RIM Ltd.’s financial performance compared to the previous situation.The correlation results imply that ICT usage has a positive impact on financial sustainability and profitability as theymove in the same direction (R=0.502). The strength of the impact was found to be low due to the low investments inICT among microfinance institutions.

A Behavioural Explanation of Smallholder Entrepreneurship with Empirical Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunate Nosisa Zaca ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale ◽  
Unity Chipfupa
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Social Grant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of social grant dependence on on-farm entrepreneurial spirit of smallholders. A sample of 175 farmers was obtained from two communities in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed Principal Components Analysis and Tobit regression. The entrepreneurial spirit indices were constructed from revealed preference-based questions. The study found a positive relationship between the social grant and on-farm entrepreneurial spirit. The positive impact on rural household farming activities implies that the prevailing low entrepreneurial levels among farmers are not the result of social grant dependence but lack of opportunity and other resource constraints. However, to remain effective, policy should ensure that the grant money benefits (directly/indirectly) the intended beneficiary and their households. The other factors found to be associated with on-farm entrepreneurship include age of the farmer, gender, psychological capital, access to training, access to education, access to land, inadequate farming assets, water insecurity, extension, off-farm income and group membership. The study also recommends the need for strategies that improve psychological capital and thus enhance positive on-farm entrepreneurial behaviour among smallholder farmers. Addressing institutional and farming constraints related to access to resources and services (land, credit, extension, and water) and collective action will positively contribute to on-farm entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yawo Atiase ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Samia Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The results show that microcredit which is flexible in repayment mode, accessible and adequate has a positive impact on employment generation among MSEs in Ghana. However, the current cost of microcredit in Ghana has a negative impact on employment growth among MSEs.

Sustainability and competitive advantage from a developing economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoako Kwarteng ◽  
Samuel Ato Dadzie ◽  
Samuel Famiyeh
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of sustainability as measured by the triple bottom line constructs on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach To understand the impact of sustainability on competitive advantage, a survey was conducted where managers were asked about their engagement in the sustainability issues and how it affects their competitive advantage. The study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) and, in particular, the partial least square (PLS) approaches to SEM. Findings The results of this study indicate that economic and social have a positive impact on the corporate image but not the environment. In addition, corporate image and social have positive impact on corporate performance, whilst economic and environment seem not to have any impact on corporate performance. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to only manufacturing firms operating in the Ghanaian environment. It is important, therefore, for firms in Ghana to invest in social sustainability initiatives, as it will ultimately affect their bottom line performance. This study provides policy implications to Ghana and other developing countries to implement the necessary policies and provide incentives to improve environmental awareness. Originality/value There have been just a few studies that tried to find out the impact of sustainability constructs and performance and how corporate image mediates this relationship.

scholarly journals DAMPAK AGROWISATA KAMPUNG BATU TERHADAP ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus di Desa Malakasari, Kecamatan Baleendah, Kabupaten Bandung)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherli Lukman Agustina ◽  
Hepi Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
General Manager ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAKKampung Batu Malakasari memiliki keunikan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan agrowisata besar di Kabupaten Bandung. Namun keunikan tersebut belum sepenuhnya dikembangkan dan belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat luas khususnya luar Jawa Barat. Maka dari itu diperlukan pengembangan baik dalam sarana dan prasarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan wisatawan yang dalam prosesnya melibatkan masyarakat Desa Malakasari. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaan dan dampak Kampung Batu Malakasari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Batu Malakasari. Informan dalam penelitian ini Perangkat Desa Malakasari, General Manager Kampung Batu, Pegawai Kampung Batu, Seketaris RW, Ketua RT dan warga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya Kampung Batu sebagai kawasan agrowisata membawa perubahan pada masyarakat Desa Malakasari. Dampak positif yang ditimbulkan antara lain perluasan lapangan pekerjaan, peningkatan pendapatan, penetapan harga, pendapatan desa, kebisingan, interaksi antara masyarakat lokal dengan wisatawan, peningkatan intensitas gotong royong dan limbah agrowisata. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah terjadinya kecemburuan sosial di masyarakat.Kata kunci : agrowisata, dampak sosial, ekonomi, budayaABSTRACTKampung Batu Malakasari has a uniqueness that can potentially be developed into great agrowisata in Bandung Regency. But uniqueness is not yet fully developed and is not yet well known by the public at large particularly outside Java. Therefore, required the development both in facilities and infrastructure to meet the needs of travellers in the process involving the community the village Malakasari. The goal of the research is to find out the keragaan and the impact of Kampung Batu Malakasari. Design research is qualitative research methods with case studies. This research was conducted in Kampung Batu Malakasari. Informants in this study of the device of the village Malakasari, General Manager of Kampung Baru, Kampung Batu Employees, Seketaris RW, Chairman of the RT and residents. Results of the study showed that the presence of Kampung Batu as agrowisata brings the changes to the Malakasari village community. Positive impact caused include the expansion of employment, income generation, pricing, income of the village, the noise, the interaction between local communities with tourists, increased the intensity of the mutual and waste agro tourism. The negative effects inflicted is the occurrence of social jealousy in the community.Keywords : agro-tourism, social, economic, culture impact 

scholarly journals Impact of external assurance on corporate climate change disclosures: new evidence from Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Probal Dutta ◽  
Anupam Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the impact of external assurance on the level of voluntary corporate climate change disclosures by Finnish firms.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of this study includes 228 firm-year observations over the period 2008–2015 for listed Finnish companies that have issued sustainability reports and responded to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) questionnaire at least once during the sample period. The authors conduct a panel regression analysis to study the afore-mentioned linkage. In addition, the Tobit regression model is also estimated to check the robustness of our findings.FindingsThe findings suggest that assurance has a highly significant positive impact on the level of corporate climate change disclosures even after controlling for the effect of a number of control variables. Moreover, among the control variables, firm size and asset age are found to have significant effect on the extent of carbon emissions disclosure. Furthermore, the additional analysis reveals that the type of assurance providers (accounting firms vs non-accounting firms) and the type of financial auditors (Big4 financial auditors vs non-Big4 financial auditors) do not influence the level of climate change disclosure of assured companies.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is subject to certain limitations. First, the source of the data used in this research is the CDP database which has limitations in that it is a voluntary disclosure process where all the observations collected are self-reported by the responding firms. This may bias the reported findings. Second, our sample includes only listed companies and hence the results might have limited explanatory capacity for unlisted firms.Practical implicationsBy using the results of this research, corporate managers will be able to reduce the information asymmetry between various stakeholders and them through disclosure of accurate, reliable and credible environmental information. Such disclosures will, in turn, allow socially responsible investors to choose eco-friendly investments and will thus enable them to make appropriate investment decisions.Originality/valueResearch on the external assurance-corporate climate change disclosure nexus is scarce. This study addresses this gap in the nonfinancial disclosure assurance literature by demonstrating that external assurance increases the level of voluntary corporate climate change disclosure. Drawing on stakeholder-agency theory, this study views external assurance as a monitoring structure that potentially curbs the monitoring problem between corporate managers and other stakeholders and increases the amount of climate change disclosures making a possible avenue for the reduction of the information asymmetry between them.

scholarly journals Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment Indicators: An empirical reserach in the state of Uttarakhand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3702-3709
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Joint Liability ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Women Empowerment has been on national agenda of every government. In developing nation women comprises fifty percent of the population so empowering them is crucial for development and nation building. Various Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) extends microcredit/loan via group model (Self Help Groups and Joint Liability Groups) to the marginalised segment particularly women groups and minorities primarily residing in rural areas with an aim to empower them and foster their socio-economic development. Previous studies have shown that microcredit has positive impact, but providing credit alone does not guarantee empowerment of the member beneficiaries. From past studies it can be concluded that empowerment demand an integrated approach from all the participating bodies/institutions involved, only then can be the objective of socio-economic development be accomplished. Since today very limited literature is available on microcredit and its impact. The current research examines the impact of microcredit on women empowerment indicators (decision making, awareness and psychological factors) of member beneficiaries in Haridwar district of Uttarakand. Women are organized into groups (Joint Liability Groups) and provided microcredit /loan. Non Probability sampling (Convenience Sampling) technique is adopted in sample selection where access to microcredit serves as independent variable and women empowerment indicators serves as dependent variables. The study consists of sample size of 362 member beneficiaries. Hypothesis testing is applied to find the significant association between the dependent and independent variables. Inferential statistics i.e Chi sq test is used to find the association/relationship between access to microcredit and empowerment indicators. Results indicate that there is no association between access to microcredit and women empowerment indicators. The results indicate that microcredit vial JLGs makes no impact on the empowerment indicators, making no improvement in the lives of its beneficiaries. There is need of regular and continuous impact assessment by credit institutions, participation from states and local bodies, must be analysis of socio-cultural factors and formation of women self administered system are some of the recommendations of the study. The results can be used by various stakeholders in designing better approach and as it provides them information on the areas which needs improvement so that microcredit can bring positive difference in the lives of beneficiaries. Also, it opens doors for further research in order to explore the socio-cultural factors which influence women empowerment

scholarly journals Measuring banking efficiency in Vietnam: parametric and non-parametric methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loan Thi Vu ◽  
Nga Thu Nguyen ◽  
Linh Hong Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Banking Efficiency ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Parametric

The article aims to evaluate the business efficiency of commercial banks in Vietnam using both parametric and non-parametric approaches. In this study, the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), which belongs to a parametric method, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric approach, are applied to a sample of 30 joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam in the period of 2011–2015. Applying Tobit regression model, the impact of bank size, bank age, and the ownership feature on the efficiency of bank service industry in Vietnam is also investigated. The analysis results show that in general, the Vietnamese banking efficiency is improving during the selected period regardless of techniques used. However, there is small level of similarity in efficiency rankings identified from the SFA and DEA models. In terms of efficiency determinants, the results show that all three variables of size, age, and state ownership have a positive impact on bank efficiency.

The Impact of Concussion Education on Injury Disclosure in High School Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alyson Hansbarger ◽  
Ryan Thomson ◽  
Jamie L. Mansell ◽  
Ryan T. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Injury ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Concussion Education

Clinical Scenario: Sport-related concussions are common injuries during sport-related activities. Evaluations of these injuries involve symptom reporting. Unfortunately, concussion symptoms are widely underreported by athletes, and can lead to longer recovery times. Concussion education programs were created to encourage reporting of symptoms by athletes. Clinical Question: Does concussion education impact injury disclosure in high school athletes? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies were included in this appraisal. Two studies utilized an educational lecture, and one study utilized an informational video providing the concussion education. All three studies found significant increases in injury history disclosure from pre-education to immediate post-education. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support the idea that education has a positive impact on concussion reporting behaviors. These studies found positive results immediately following concussion education therefore it may be beneficial to provide concussion education several times a year. Strength of Recommendation: There is Level B evidence to support the idea that implementing concussion education will impact concussion reporting behaviors as it pertains to injury history disclosure.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Efficiency Measurement to Maintain Sustainable Performance in the Automobile Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Illi Kim ◽  
Changhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Measure Model ◽  
Automobile Components ◽  
The Impact

The automobile industry is set to undergo a structural transformation in the progress toward next-generation industries that involve autonomous vehicles and connected cars. Thus, supply chain management has become increasingly important for corporate competitiveness. This study aims to identify opportunities for improving supply chain performance by quantifying the impact of suppliers on the supply chain. An analysis was conducted in two phases. First, the efficiency of 139 partners that supply automobile components to the Hyundai Motor Company was measured using the Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes model, while the efficiency of Hyundai Motor Company’s 540 supply chains comprising partners, subsidiaries, and parent companies was measured using the network epsilon-based measure model. Second, the relationship between the partner efficiency and the supply chain efficiency was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Tobit regression model. The results showed that efficient operation of partners hampers the efficiency of the total supply chain. Thus, there may be several partners that are not committed to quality improvement, while the Hyundai Motor Company seeks to promote quality management through win–win cooperation with partners. Consequently, automakers must review their partner management system, including their performance measurement and incentive systems.

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