Subclinical infection with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis increases gastrointestinal tract leucine metabolism and reduces availability of leucine for other tissues.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Yu ◽  
L A Bruce ◽  
A G Calder ◽  
E Milne ◽  
R L Coop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Leucine Metabolism

Leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
L.A. Bruce ◽  
R.L. Coop ◽  
J.C. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Tracer Kinetics ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Leucine Metabolism ◽  
Isotope Tracer

In previous studies where sheep were subjected to experimental subclinical Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections, protein metabolism was seriously impaired during both the initial infection (5-7 weeks at early dosing) and the subsequent immune response (11-13 weeks of dosing) periods (see MacRae, 1993). Symonds and Jones (1983) reported that T. colubriformis infection increased the rates of protein synthesis in the small and large intestines of guinea pigs by 24 and 70% respectively, however there are no equivalent data in farm animals. In the present study trans-organ catheterisation procedures have been coupled with mass isotope tracer kinetics to examine leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal (g.i.) tract of lambs subjected to subclinical T. colubriformis infection.

Leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
L.A. Bruce ◽  
R.L. Coop ◽  
J.C. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Tracer Kinetics ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Leucine Metabolism ◽  
Isotope Tracer

In previous studies where sheep were subjected to experimental subclinical Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections, protein metabolism was seriously impaired during both the initial infection (5-7 weeks at early dosing) and the subsequent immune response (11-13 weeks of dosing) periods (see MacRae, 1993). Symonds and Jones (1983) reported that T. colubriformis infection increased the rates of protein synthesis in the small and large intestines of guinea pigs by 24 and 70% respectively, however there are no equivalent data in farm animals. In the present study trans-organ catheterisation procedures have been coupled with mass isotope tracer kinetics to examine leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal (g.i.) tract of lambs subjected to subclinical T. colubriformis infection.

The effect of post-ruminal infusion of protein or energy on the pathophysiology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection and body composition in lambs

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Brown ◽  
DP Poppi ◽  
AR Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis

The effect of post-ruminal infusion of protein or energy on the pathophysiology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection and body composition in lambs was investigated using the comparative slaughter technique. Of 52 Dorset DownxCoopworth wether lambs (mean body weight 30.5, s.e. 0.44 kg), 8 comprised an initial slaughter group (IC), 36 were infected daily, per os, with 3000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae per animal, and the remainder (C) were parasite-free controls. Groups of 12 infected animals were given either a continuous infusion (via abomasal catheter) of 50.4 g/day crude protein as sodium caseinate (PI), glucose (EI) in isocaloric amounts to PI, or a solution containing P and Na at the same rate as the caseinate infusions (SI). Uninfected controls (C) were also infused with this solution. Animals were slaughtered after 6 and 12 weeks for estimation of worm count and body composition. All animals were offered, ad libitum, meadow hay (118 g crude protein/kg dry matter (DM); 930 g organic matter/kg DM; 0.65 organic matter digestibility). DM intake of infected animals decreased by approximately 22% in PI and EI and by 32% in SI animals. Mean total metabolizable energy (ME) intake during the experiment (inclusive of infusions) was C, 0.607; PI, 0.687; EI, 0.704; SI, 0.617, s.e.d. 0.0308 MJME (kg W)-0.75 day-1. Nitrogen retention in infected sheep was increased fourfold by protein infusion and twofold by energy infusion. The rate of energy retention was reduced by infection, increased by protein infusion but only partly by energy infusion. Protein infusion reduced mean faecal egg output and mean total parasite count. Increased endogenous plasma loss into the gastrointestinal tract was similar in all infected groups. It was concluded that a major limiting factor in efficient food utilization in animals with gastrointestinal nematode infections is a parasite-induced protein rather than energy deficiency, possibly the result of increased endogenous protein losses into the gastrointestinal tract. The debilitating effect of internal parasites could be markedly reduced by increasing duodenal protein supply.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transactions along the digestive tract of lambs concurrently infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Bown ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Plasma Loss ◽  
Endogenous Protein

Twelve lambs, paired on the basis of live weight, were cannulated in the abomasum, in the proximal jejunum approximately 4 m distal to the pylorus and in the terminal ileum. Six were infected with 3000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 3000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae each day for 18 weeks and the remainder were pair-fed to individual infected lambs. All animals were offered ryegrass (Lolium perenne)–white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture, cut daily. Dry matter (DM) intake, live weight, faecal egg concentration, plasma pepsinogen and plasma protein concentrations were measured weekly. During weeks 7 and 17 after commencement of infection, the flow of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract was measured together with enteric plasma loss and true digestion and absorption of 125I-labelled albumin in the small intestine. DM intake was depressed by parasitism, being 1331, (se 70), 423 (se 32) and 529 (se 52) g/d during weeks 3, 7 and 17 respectively. The flow of nitrogen at the proximal jejunum and in faeces was increased by parasitism during week 7 and at the abomasum and ileum during week 17. Plasma protein-N loss (g/d) into the gastrointestinal tract was 0.68 (se 0.091) and 1.97 (se 0.139) during week 7, and 0.85 (se0.158) and 1.96 (se 0.396) during week 17, in control and infected sheep respectively. True digestion and absorption of albumin in the proximal small intestine, the site of infection, was very low (mean 0.08) and was not affected by parasitism. Between the abomasum and terminal ileum absorption of albumin was high (mean 0.87) and again was not affected by parasitism. It was calculated that of the total increase in endogenous protein passing from the ileum tract as a result of infection, plasma protein comprised only a small percentage (10–36%). The major proportion of digestion and absorption of protein occurred in the distal small intestine beyond the site of infection and was not affected by infection.

Evaluation of broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity in a novel assay against Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. sigmodontis in the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Ostlind ◽  
S. Cifelli ◽  
W.G. Mickle ◽  
S.K. Smith ◽  
D.V. Ewanciw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Separate Part ◽  
Laboratory Assay

AbstractThe gerbil Meriones unguiculatus, infected with three species of nematodes, each located in a separate part of the gastrointestinal tract, provided a reliable laboratory assay for the evaluation of broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity. Gerbils harbouring 6-day-old infections of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. sigmodontis were given selected broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gavage. Three benzimidazoles, thiabendazole, oxfendazole and albendazole, a tetrahydropyrimidine, morantel, an imidazothiazole, levamisole hydrochloride, a macrocyclic lactone, ivermectin and an experimental natural product, paraherquamide, were active against all three nematodes at various dosages. Trichostrongylus colubriformis was most sensitive to levamisole hydrochloride, morantel, thiabendazole and paraherquamide whereas ivermectin, oxfendazole and albendazole were more effective against H. contortus. All compounds were active against the caecal nematode T. sigmodontis although it was less sensitive than T. colubriformis. Haemonchus contortus was more sensitive than T. sigmodontis to all anthelmintics tested except thiabendazole.

Valine partitioning and kinetics between the gastrointestinal tract and hind limbs in lambs with an adult Trichostrongylus colubriformis burden1

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 3501-3513
Author(s):  
E. N. Bermingham ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
B. R. Sinclair ◽  
M. H. Tavendale ◽  
N. C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Hind Limbs

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

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