Temperature effects on solid-fuel ramjet fuel properties and combustion

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
David W. Netzer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Fuel Properties

scholarly journals Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10480
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jackowski ◽  
Łukasz Niedźwiecki ◽  
Krzysztof Mościcki ◽  
Amit Arora ◽  
Muhammad Azam Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Spent Grain

Brewers’ Spent Grain is a by-product of the brewing process, with potential applications for energy purposes. This paper presents the results of an investigation aiming at valorization of this residue by torrefaction, making product for two purposes: a solid fuel that could be used for generation of heat for the brewery and a colouring agent that could replace colouring malt for the production of dark beers. Decreased consumption of malt for such purposes would have a positive influence on the sustainability of brewing. Torrefaction was performed at temperatures ranging between 180 °C and 300 °C, with a residence time between 20 and 60 min. For the most severe torrefaction conditions (300 °C, 60 min), the higher heating value of torrefied BSG reached 25 MJ/kg. However, the best beer colouring properties were achieved for mild torrefaction conditions, i.e., 180 °C for 60 min and 210 °C for 40 min, reaching European Brewery Convention colours of 145 and 159, respectively. From the solid fuel properties perspective, the improvements offered by torrefaction in such mild conditions were modest. Overall, the obtained results suggest some trade-off between the optimum colouring properties and optimum solid fuel properties that need to be considered when such dual-purpose torrefaction of BSG for brewery purposes is implemented.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components and Refuse-Derived Fuel—Process Efficiency and Fuel Properties of Carbonized Solid Fuel

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Szymon Kugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

New technologies to valorize refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) will be required in the near future due to emerging trends of (1) the cement industry’s demands for high-quality alternative fuels and (2) the decreasing calorific value of the fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and currently used in cement/incineration plants. Low-temperature pyrolysis can increase the calorific value of processed material, leading to the production of value-added carbonized solid fuel (CSF). This dataset summarizes the key properties of MSW-derived CSF. Pyrolysis experiments were completed using eight types of organic waste and their two RDF mixtures. Organic waste represented common morphological groups of MSW, i.e., cartons, fabrics, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (multi-material packaging also known as Tetra Pak cartons), and wood. The pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C (20 °C intervals), with a retention (process) time of 20 to 60 min (20 min intervals). The mass yield, energy densification ratio, and energy yield were determined to characterize the pyrolysis process efficiency. The raw materials and produced CSF were tested with proximate analyses (moisture content, organic matter content, ash content, and combustible part content) and with ultimate analyses (elemental composition C, H, N, S) and high heating value (HHV). Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the pyrolysis process were performed. The dataset documents the changes in fuel properties of RDF resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis as a function of the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type. The greatest HHV improvements were observed for fabrics (up to 65%), PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (up to 56%), and wood (up to 46%).

Impact of Co-Hydrothermal carbonization of animal and agricultural waste on hydrochars’ soil amendment and solid fuel properties

2022 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 106329
Author(s):  
Dylan Mariuzza ◽  
Jui-Chun Lin ◽  
Maurizio Volpe ◽  
Luca Fiori ◽  
Selim Ceylan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fuel Properties

scholarly journals Waste to Energy: Solid Fuel Production from Biogas Plant Digestate and Sewage Sludge by Torrefaction-Process Kinetics, Fuel Properties, and Energy Balance

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Martyna Hnat ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
Szymon Kugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Csf Production

Sustainable solutions are needed to manage increased energy demand and waste generation. Renewable energy production from abundant sewage sludge (SS) and digestate (D) from biogas is feasible. Concerns about feedstock contamination (heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria) in SS and D limits the use (e.g., agricultural) of these carbon-rich resources. Low temperature thermal conversion that results in carbonized solid fuel (CSF) has been proposed as sustainable waste utilization. The aim of the research was to investigate the feasibility of CSF production from SS and D via torrefaction. The CSF was produced at 200~300 °C (interval of 20 °C) for 20~60 min (interval 20 min). The torrefaction kinetics and CSF fuel properties were determined. Next, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SS and D torrefaction were used to build models of energy demand for torrefaction. Finally, the evaluation of the energy balance of CSF production from SS and D was completed. The results showed that torrefaction improved the D-derived CSF’s higher heating value (HHV) up to 11% (p < 0.05), whereas no significant HHV changes for SS were observed. The torrefied D had the highest HHV of 20 MJ∙kg−1 under 300 °C and 30 min, (the curve fitted value from the measured time periods) compared to HHV = 18 MJ∙kg−1 for unprocessed D. The torrefied SS had the highest HHV = 14.8 MJ∙kg−1 under 200 °C and 20 min, compared to HHV 14.6 MJ∙kg−1 for raw SS. An unwanted result of the torrefaction was an increase in ash content in CSF, up to 40% and 22% for SS and D, respectively. The developed model showed that the torrefaction of dry SS and D could be energetically self-sufficient. Generating CSF with the highest HHV requires raw feedstock containing ~15.4 and 45.9 MJ∙kg−1 for SS and D, respectively (assuming that part of feedstock is a source of energy for the process). The results suggest that there is a potential to convert biogas D to CSF to provide renewable fuel for, e.g., plants currently fed/co-fed with municipal solid waste.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document