A Single, Stimulatable Transport System in Rat Liver Shared by Certain Amino Acids Following Whole-Body γ-Irradiation

1978 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Flory ◽  
Otto W. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Γ Irradiation

Induced Transport of Amino Acids in Rat Liver after Whole-Body γ Irradiation

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Flory ◽  
Otto W. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Γ Irradiation

Influence of Whole-Body γ Irradiation upon Rat Liver Mitochondrial Fractions

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Kergonou ◽  
Monique Braquet ◽  
Guy Rocquet ◽  
Jean-Francois Kergonou
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions

scholarly journals Transport of the aromatic amino acids into isolated rat liver cells. Properties of uptake by two distinct systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salter ◽  
R G Knowles ◽  
C I Pogson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Isolated Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
Isolated Rat

The transport of the aromatic amino acids into isolated rat liver cells was studied. There was a rapid and substantial binding of the aromatic amino acids, L-alanine and L-leucine to the plasma membrane. This has important consequences for the determination of rates of transport and intracellular concentrations of the amino acids. Inhibition studies with a variety of substrates of various transport systems gave results consistent with aromatic amino acid transport being catalysed by two systems: a 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH)-insensitive aromatic D- and L-amino acid-specific system, and the L-type system (BCH-sensitive). The BCH-insensitive component of transport was Na+-independent and facilitated non-concentrative transport of the aromatic amino acids; it was unaffected by culture of liver cells for 24 h, by 48 h starvation, dexamethasone phosphate or glucagon. Kinetic properties of the BCH-inhibitable component were similar to those previously reported for the L2-system in liver cells. The BCH-insensitive component was a comparatively low-Km low-Vmax. transport system that we suggest is similar to the T-transport system previously seen only in human red blood cells. The results are discussed with reference to the importance of the T- and L-systems in the control of aromatic L-amino acid degradation in the liver.

Isoleucine Plays an Important Role for Maintaining Immune Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsong Gu ◽  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Relationship

Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including immune functions. Isoleucine, as one of the branched chain amino acids, is also critical in physiological functions of the whole body, such as growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose transportation. Isoleucine can improve the immune system, including immune organs, cells and reactive substances. Recent studies have also shown that isoleucine may induce the expression of host defense peptides (i.e., β-defensins) that can regulate host innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, isoleucine administration can restore the effect of some pathogens on the health of humans and animals via increasing the expression of β-defensins. Therefore, the present review will emphatically discuss the effect of isoleucine on immunity while summarizing the relationship between branched chain amino acids and immune functions.

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