In Vitro Uptake of Model Amino Acids by Rat Liver Following Whole-Body γ-Irradiation

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Pao Yang ◽  
Otto W. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

Induced Transport of Amino Acids in Rat Liver after Whole-Body γ Irradiation

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Flory ◽  
Otto W. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Γ Irradiation

Isolation of blood and intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi from rats and other rodents and preliminary studies of their metabolism

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Gutteridge ◽  
B. Cover ◽  
Maria Gaborak
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Hind Limb Muscle ◽  
Radio Tracer

SummaryIsolation of blood and intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was made mainly from rats (90–110 g) which had received 580 rad of whole-body γ-irradiation not more than 24 h before subcutaneous inoculation with 107 trypomastigotes of the Sonya strain of T. cruzi. Unirradiated chinchillas (250–350 g) were, however, used for some experiments. Blood forms were isolated using a technique involving differential centrifugation to remove most of the erythrocytes and DEAE–cellulose chromatography to remove the remaining blood cells. Overall recoveries were usually in the range 30–70%. Parasites were mainly (approximately 98%) broad forms and were motile, metabolically active (as judged by respiratory and radio-tracer incorporation studies) and had lost none of their infectivity for mice. Intracellular forms were isolated from hind-limb muscle tissue. This was disrupted in an MSE tissue homogenizer and the homogenate incubated with DNase, collagenase and trypsin. Parasites, contaminated only by a few blood cells, were then obtained by differential centrifugation. For purer preparations, a terminal sucrose gradient step was used. Recoveries ranged between 40 and 70%. About 1–3% of the parasites isolated were epimastigotes and trypomastigotes; the remainder are probably best collectively termed ‘amastigotes’, though they were pointed and most had a short, free flagellum. They were undamaged as judged by light and electron microscopy and metabolically active as judged by respiratory and radio-tracer incorporation studies. However, the infectivity for mice of both these purified preparations and the initial cell homogenates could be accounted for by the epimastigotes and trypomastigotes present in them. Preliminary biochemical studies with isolated parasites have shown that blood, intracellular and culture forms of T. cruzi have a respiratory system which is in part sensitive to CN- and that all forms synthesize nucleic acids and proteins when incubated in vitro. There appears, however, to be a lack of DNA synthesis in blood stages, and thus it is not surprising that these forms do not divide.

scholarly journals Acute Monocytic Leukemia in an Irradiated Beagle

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
T. M. Seed ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
L. S. Lombard ◽  
C. M. Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Invasive Cell ◽  
Progressive Anemia

A purebred female Beagle dog that had received 2,000 R of protracted whole-body γ-irradiation from 60Co when 14 months old had hematologic changes consistent with a myeloproliferative disorder 3 years after the termination of radiation exposure. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings during the 7-month period before death showed progressive anemia with increased numbers of platelets; immature granulocytes, monocytes and promonocytes. A period of partial remission occurred during which time the peripheral blood was aleukemic, although there was marked thrombocytosis and abnormal erythropoiesis which was evidenced by bizarre circulating nucleated red cells, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and Howell-Jolly bodies. The dog had a terminal crisis with marked leukocytosis, most cells in the peripheral blood being bizarre monocytes and promonocytes. Tissues obtained at necropsy showed diffuse as well as focal infiltration of the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, heart, kidney and gastrointestinal wall with immature neoplastic cells resembling monocytes and monocytic precursors. The monocytic differentiation of the invasive cell population was confirmed by morphological, cytochemical, histological, ultrastructural and in vitro cell culture studies.

THE USE OF Cr51 AS A CRITERION OF THYMOCYTE REGENERATION AFTER WHOLE BODY X-IRRADIATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
P. J. Baker ◽  
S. Dziubalo-Blehm
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Quantitative Criterion ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Early Radiation ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

The uptake of Cr51 chromate by thymocytes in vitro after whole body X-irradiation can be used as a sensitive quantitative criterion not only for the evaluation of early radiation damage to these cells but also as a measure of later regeneration. The development of the radiation lesion is characterized by a reduction in the in vitro uptake of Cr51 and the later regeneration of new cells by an increase in Cr51 uptake which is probably due to increased uptake of Cr51 by the young newly formed cells in the damaged tissue which is proliferating in an attempt to repair the damage. The return of the Cr51 uptake to normal is an indication of the time required for the cell population (ratio of young to older cells) to return to normal. By this technique the effect of different doses of X-irradiation on the regeneration of thymocytes has been demonstrated. Treatment with AET before whole body X-irradiation (400 r) indicated that less regeneration was necessary but the recovery time remained unchanged. Age differences produced a change in the extent of repair or regeneration but no change in recovery time.Spermatozoa showed evidence of early damage after whole body X-irradiation. This damage increased with time with no evidence of increased regeneration or repair.

EVIDENCE FOR THE INDUCTION OF URIDINE AND DEOXY-URIDINE PHOSPHORYLASES OF REGENERATING RAT LIVER IN VITRO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther W. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tissue Culture Medium ◽  
Uridine Phosphorylase ◽  
Regenerating Rat Liver ◽  
Specific Activities

Increases in the specific activities of undine and deoxyuridine phosphorylases of slices of regenerating rat liver were found 4 hours after incubation in tissue-culture medium containing uridine or 6-azauridine. These increases were not found when the tissue-culture medium contained either 8-azaguanine or puromycin, or when it lacked amino acids. Although both uridine and 6-azauridine were more effective in increasing the specific activity of uridine phosphorylase than that of deoxyuridine phosphorylase, azauridine was more effective than uridine in increasing the specific activities of both enzymes.In time studies, in which slices of regenerating rat liver were incubated in tissue-culture medium containing optimal concentrations of uridine, the specific activities of the two enzymes reached maximum levels at 3–4 hours. Puromycin prevented these increases.

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