World Production of Raw Materials.

1953 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
B. R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Production

Carbon Materials as Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from the Aqueous Phase

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Castilla ◽  
José Rivera-Utrilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Production ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Materials Used

Activated carbons are the most important carbon materials used in water treatment. Their known world production is around 500,000 tons per year, of which about 80% is used for liquid-phase applications. These solids are manufactured in powder or granular form from a large variety of raw materials and are unique and versatile adsorbents due to their highly developed porosity, their large surface area (which in some cases can be up to 3000 m2/g), and their variable surface chemistry.

World Production of Raw Materials

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Jean Gottmann
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Production

Hydrofluoride Method of Complex Processing of Titanium-Containing Raw Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Gordienko ◽  
V.A. Dostovalov ◽  
E.V. Pashnina
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Production ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Main Substance ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Titanium Industry

The use of titanium dioxide is so diverse that varies from food to heavy industry and it is the main substance in the titanium industry. Over 90% of the world's mined titanium concentrates are processed to produce pigments. The sources for the production of titanium dioxide are the typically used titanium-containing ores including minerals rutile, ilmenite, and others. The volume of world production of titanium dioxide pigment exceeds 5 million tons per year and it is carried out in two ways: sulphate and chlorine (in approximately equal volumes). The changed approach to the green production processes requires the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new methods for processing titanium-containing raw materials. The authors have experimentally confirmed the high efficiency of complex, waste-free processing of titanium-containing raw materials developed by hydrofluoride. Creating pigment production on the basis hydrofluoride method will meet not only the domestic needs but also offer thepigment for export, as its parameters will surpass those of the best world analogues.

scholarly journals Present status and future development in the world production of fibers and paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Milorad Krgovic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
World Production ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Branch ◽  
Production Industry

During 1994 278 million tons of paper were produced worldwide, while around 330 million tons were produced in 2002. The forecast for paper production in 2010 is 420 million tons. From these data, it may be concluded that the paper production industry, which exists for around 2000 years, is still a very attractive industrial branch. This work represents the conditions in the production of the major and auxiliary raw materials for paper production, as well as paper production in the World and production forecasts until 2010. It was indicated that the fraction of secondary fibers obtained from recycled paper increases every year in regard primary fibers. In 2010 secondary fibers will be the major source of primary raw materials for paper production in the World. It was pointed out that in the last fifteen years the quantity of paper produced during one season grew rapidly. This growth was achieved by advance stock preparation of paper and increased velocity of the paper machine and the width web of the produced paper. Activities regarding environmental protection undertaken by manufacturers of paper and fibers are presented.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

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