scholarly journals Present status and future development in the world production of fibers and paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Milorad Krgovic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
World Production ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Branch ◽  
Production Industry

During 1994 278 million tons of paper were produced worldwide, while around 330 million tons were produced in 2002. The forecast for paper production in 2010 is 420 million tons. From these data, it may be concluded that the paper production industry, which exists for around 2000 years, is still a very attractive industrial branch. This work represents the conditions in the production of the major and auxiliary raw materials for paper production, as well as paper production in the World and production forecasts until 2010. It was indicated that the fraction of secondary fibers obtained from recycled paper increases every year in regard primary fibers. In 2010 secondary fibers will be the major source of primary raw materials for paper production in the World. It was pointed out that in the last fifteen years the quantity of paper produced during one season grew rapidly. This growth was achieved by advance stock preparation of paper and increased velocity of the paper machine and the width web of the produced paper. Activities regarding environmental protection undertaken by manufacturers of paper and fibers are presented.

scholarly journals Deriving Wealth from the Dry Matter of Some Under-Utilised Plant Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Otoide J. E.* ◽  
Ihinmikaiye, S. O. ◽  
Otoide, T. F.
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Production Industry

The possibility of creating wealth in pulp and paper industry from the underutilized dry matters of the leaf sheaths of the pseudostem (Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum), leaf stalk (Carica papaya) and stems (Panicum maximum and Andropogon tectorum) have been established from the anatomical parameters and indexes (fibre lengths and diameters, lumen width, cell wall thickness, Runkels ratio, flexibility coefficient (%) and slenderness ratio) of the fibres using standard procedures. Results obtained revealed that the Runkels ratio of the fibres in the five dry matters were 0.60, 0.44, 0.40, 0.87 and 0.93 for Musa sapientum, M. paradisiaca, Carica papaya, Panicum maximum and Andropogon tectorum respectively. These values, each been less than 1 (˂ 1) recommends each of the dry matters as suitable alternative source of raw materials for pulp and paper production industry. It was recommended that these dry plant materials be henceforth harnessed as alternative sources of raw materials for pulp and paper production industry as another means of wealth creation instead of allowing them to waste and cause environmental nuisance.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of the Recycled Paper Production: The Effects of Energy Supply Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferrara ◽  
Giovanni De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Chp System

The main aim of the study was to assess the environmental performance, through the application of the life cycle assessment, of a recycled paper production process focusing on the energy aspect. The production process occurred in a paper mill that produces packaging paper using paper and cardboard from source separation of municipal solid waste as raw materials. Two scenarios (S1 and S2) were defined by their energy supply sources. A cogeneration (CHP) system using natural gas for the combined production of thermal and electric energy was the source in S1. The Italian electricity grid (using the Italian country mix) and a natural gas boiler were the separate sources for electric and thermal energy, respectively, in S2. Finally, in order to evaluate the environmental effects on the results of the study about the variation in the natural gas supply source, four alternative Italian import mixes (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were defined by varying the contribution of the supplier countries. The environmental impacts were evaluated with ReCiPe 2016 (H) using both midpoint and endpoint approaches. The results showed that for both the scenarios, the energy consumption was the main cause of impacts mainly because of the natural gas contribution. The presence of the cogeneration (CHP) system generated significant environmental benefits compared with the use of energy provided by more conventional sources. The production and use of chemicals as well as the disposal of waste produced during the paper production were other environmental hotspots. The variation in the composition of the Italian import mix of natural gas, in terms of the supplier country’s contribution, had a significant influence on the results. The import of natural gas from Russia was the most impactful option. Since Russia is the country that contributes to the Italian import mix the most, in the next years, the use of natural gas in Italy could become increasingly impactful. Therefore, the replacement of natural gas with renewable sources is an urgent priority.

Present Status of Stainless Steel Industry in India & it’s Future Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Mathur ◽  
Rohit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
World Production ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Indian Stainless Steel Development Association (ISSDA) was formed in 1989 with the explicit objective of diversifying and expanding the domestic market of stainless steel. At that time, more than 90% of stainless used in the country was kitchenware but over the last two decades, stainless steel has undergone tremendous changes in perception and its increasingly growing end use application in areas such as architecture building & construction, automotive transport, process and engineering. The world production of stainless steel in 2012 is estimated at 35.4 million tonne. Asia has strongly emerged as both the worlds largest stainless steel producer and user. Among countries, China dominates the world production of stainless steel accounting for almost 45% share. However, India has outpaced global growth rates consistently over last 10 years with its stainless steel melt production in 2012 reaching almost 3 million tonnes to propel the country as 4th largest producer after China, Europe and Japan. The potential growth of stainless steel in India is enormous, considering the fact that the per capita consumption at 1.9kg is still much lower than world average of almost 4.85kg. The per capita consumption of stainless steel has strong co-relation with per capita GDP and India is expected to more than double its per capita income over next 10 years. In addition increased urbanization, high demographic dividends and governments manufacturing policy seeking to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25% within a decade augurs well for the future growth of the stainless steel in India. This paper focuses on the growth story of Indian Stainless Steel industry and its market sector vis-à-vis world and further explores on the strategy to increase the consumption domestically considering the fact that world is going through recession cycles resulting in excessive capacity especially China posing a major challenge to Indian Stainless industry. Keywords: Stainless Steel, Indian Industry, Growth Prospects, Present Status

scholarly journals The Theory and Practice of Evaluating Green Factories in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Meng Yang ◽  
Husheng Li ◽  
Jinhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Factory

It is well acknowledged that, China is a country with copious manufacturing industries, and Chinese industrial products spread all over the world. Research into the theory and practice of evaluating manufacturing factories in China is of highly significant. However, the traditional method of evaluating factories tends to focus on individual aspects such as efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protections. There have been relatively few reports covering comprehensive evaluation methods for a systematic green factory. Based on an analysis of the current situation in various countries and regions, the concept and scope of the China Green Factory (CGF) have been defined. The characteristics of a CGF include the intensification of land, the decontamination of raw materials, clean production, waste administration, and the reduction of carbon and energy. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the current policy and research on the CGFs, quantify the positive effects of CGFs, and make some suggestions for future development.

Development of the biofuel industry as a determinant of sustainable development of Ukraine

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Grygorii Kaletnik ◽  
Natalia Pryshliak
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biofuel Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Production Industry

The purpose of the article is to form scenarios for the development of the biofuel market in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of their implementation. Research methods. In the course of the research, dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, analysis and synthesis were used to study the modern biofuel market in Ukraine and compare it with world trends; empirical – for a comprehensive assessment of the current state of biofuel production in Ukraine; scenario analysis – to determine possible ways for the development of the biofuel market in Ukraine and the related state policy for the development of its production; SWOT analysis – to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, as well as the opportunities and threats of the external environment in the field of biofuel production in Ukraine; scientific abstraction – to summarize the results, the formation of conclusions and the own development of the biofuel production industry in Ukraine. Research results. The assessment of biofuel production in the world has been carried out and the main types of raw materials for its production have been identified. Scenarios for the development of the biofuel production industry in Ukraine have been substantiated. The volume of areas to achieve the goals of Ukraine in the consumption of biofuel in accordance with the scenarios has been calculated. Comparison of the production and export of corn and wheat by major producers in the world have been conducted. The calculation of the volume of biofuel production from lands that are not split in Ukraine has been carried out. The yields of the main agricultural crops for biofuel production in the main producing countries or exporters of agricultural products have been analyzed, as a result of which it has been determined that Ukraine is not in the leading positions in one of the crops grown. As a result of the SWOT analysis, the key needs of Ukraine in the development of the biofuel industry have been identified. Scientific novelty. The ways of developing the biofuel industry without reducing the export potential of Ukraine are proposed. They consist in using the potential of unused agricultural land and in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, in particular, increasing yields. Practical significance. The applied significance of the results is considered as the basis for the formation of a strategy for the development of the biofuel industry in Ukraine. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 22.

Resource efficiency in deinked pulp production: a review

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA KOTANEN ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ARI ÄMMÄLÄ ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulp Production

The use of recovered paper as a raw material for paper production is by far the most economical and ecological strategy for the disposal of waste paper. However, paper production from recovered paper furnish generates a great amount of residues, and the higher the demand requirements for the end product, the higher the amount of rejected material. The reason for this is that the selectivity of the deinking process is limited; therefore, some valuable components are also lost in reject streams. The rejection of usable components affects the economics of recycled paper production. As the cost of waste disposal continues to increase, this issue is becoming more and more severe. This paper summarizes the current state of the resource efficiency in recycled pulp production and provides information on the volumes of rejected streams and the usable material within them. Various means to use these reject streams are also discussed, including the main findings of a recent thesis by the main author. This review summarizes current internal and external use of reject streams generated in the deinking operations.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

Russia in the World Production and Market of Potatoes and Fruit and Vegetable Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Agirbov ◽  
◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In 1961-2018 in the world as a whole, the gross harvest of potatoes increased from 290.6 million tons to 368.2 million tons, that is, 1.36 times. Over the same period, the production of vegetables and food melons increased from 197.7 million tons to 1,088.8 million tons (5.51 times), and fruits and berries from 199.9 million tons to 867.8 million tons (4.34 times). In a number of states in 1992-2018 the corresponding increase significantly exceeded the average values for the world as a whole, as a result of which their place in the global ranking increased, and the positions of some traditional producers of potatoes and fruits and vegetables decreased. For example, in terms of gross harvest of potatoes in 1992, Russia was in first place, and Poland was in third, while in 2018 they were in 4th and 9th positions, respectively. In terms of vegetable production, Italy and Japan were displaced from 4th and 5th places, which were taken by Turkey and Nigeria. In terms of gross harvests of fruits and berries, Turkey occupied the fifth position in total world production by 2018, although in 1992 it belonged to Italy. Quantitative and qualitative changes inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. Processes in foreign economic liberalization and economic integration contributed to an increase in the specialization and concentration of production of relevant plants in countries with more favorable natural and climatic conditions, as well as a gradual increase in demand for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries from a number of states, including those that used to meet the needs of their population in large volumes at the expense of their own producers. The Russian Federation is one of the significant players in the world potato and fruit and vegetable market. Despite the increase in gross fruit and vegetable production in recent years, Russia’s positions in the global rating dropped from 7th to 10th place in vegetables and melons, from 20th to 31st place in fruits and berries. As for potatoes, there was a decrease in the volume of its production, as a result, Russia dropped from 1st place in 1992 to 4th place in 2018.

ADAPTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCERS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Н. СУРОВЦЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ПАЮРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
World Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
State Support ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Проанализированы проблемы на рынке молока и молочных продуктов России в условиях глобального экономического кризиса: перепроизводство молока в основных странах-экспортерах, снижение закупочных цен на сырое молоко, снижение цен на биржевые товары в мире и России в 2020 году, тренд на уменьшение спроса на молочные продукты на мировом рынке в среднесрочном периоде, снижение общего спроса на молочные продукты на внутрироссийском рынке при падении реальных доходов населения, изменение структуры потребления. Проведена оценка новых возможностей и угроз для развития отрасли: со стороны потребителей — рост цен на продовольствие, снижение доходов; с позиции производителей молока — снижение закупочных цен, рост требований к сырью для производства продукции с увеличенными сроками годности, дефицит рабочей силы, вероятное сокращение господдержки в результате снижения цен на углеводороды, попытки регулирования цен; со стороны перерабатывающих предприятий — сокращение спроса, снижение цен на готовую продукцию вслед за мировыми ценами. Обоснованы приоритеты инвестирования в молочном скотоводстве и основные формы совершенствования государственной поддержки отрасли, обеспечивающие эффективную адаптацию производителей молока к новым экономическим условиям, повышение устойчивости отрасли при усилении макроэкономических рисков. The article analyzes the problems in the Russian milk and dairy products market in the context of the global economic crisis: overproduction of milk in the main exporting countries, lower purchase prices for raw milk, lower prices for commodities in the world and in Russia in 2020, trend to reduce demand for dairy products on the world market in medium term, a decrease in total demand for dairy products in the Russian market with a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, a change in the structure of consumption. An assessment of new opportunities and threats to the development of the industry was carried out: on the part of consumers — rising food prices, lower incomes; from the perspective of dairy producers — reduction in purchase prices, increased requirements for raw materials for the production of products with extended periods, labor shortages, the likely reduction in state support as a result of lower prices for hydrocarbons, attempts to regulate prices; on the part of processing enterprises — reduction of demand, reduction of prices for finished goods following world prices. The investment priorities in dairy cattle breeding and the main forms of improving state support for the industry, ensuring the effective adaptation of milk producers to new economic conditions, increasing the sustainability of the industry with increasing macroeconomic risks, are substantiated.

scholarly journals Commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Amalia Morales-Zumaquero
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractThis paper analyses the commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain for the global commodity price index and the indices of its main categories (i.e., agricultural raw materials, food and beverages, energy and metals) in the world, advanced and emerging economies. To do so, the study considers country-by-country vector autoregression models and pool the results by taking weighted means for 18 advanced economies and 19 emerging countries, as well as for the world (defined as the sum of advanced and emerging economies). The results show the following: (i) there is evidence in favour of partial pass-through from commodity prices to producer prices, although the evidence for the pass-through to consumer prices is less evident; (ii) the pass-through in the world seems to be led by both advanced and emerging countries for producer prices and only by advanced economies for consumer prices; (iii) higher prices in the four categories (agricultural raw materials only in the short-run) induce significant higher producer prices in almost all cases, with shocks in the prices of energy and metals showing the largest effects; and (iv) energy prices explain the highest variability of producer and consumer prices.

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